DHA intake interacts with ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 genetic variants to influence polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
This study showed that maternal genetic variants in ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 were associated with PUFA levels in breast milk and that the combination of SNP haplotypes and higher DHA intake increased PUFA concentrations. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Wu, Y., Wang, Y., Tian, H., Lu, T., Yu, M., Xu, W., Liu, G., Xie, L. Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
The PQ-loop protein Any1 segregates Drs2 and Neo1 functions required for viability and plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry [Research Articles]
Membrane asymmetry is a key organizational feature of the plasma membrane. Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) are phospholipid flippases that establish membrane asymmetry by translocating phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and phospatidylethanolamine, from the exofacial leaflet to the cytosolic leaflet. Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses five P4-ATPases: Drs2, Neo1, Dnf1, Dnf2, and Dnf3. The inactivation of Neo1 is lethal, suggesting Neo1 mediates an essential function not exerted by the other P4-ATPases. However, the disruption of ANY1, which encodes a PQ-loop membrane protein, allows the growth of neo1 and r...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Takar, M., Huang, Y., Graham, T. R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Metabolic disease and ABHD6 alter the circulating bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate profile in mice and humans [Research Articles]
In conclusion, our results suggest that common metabolic diseases and ABHD6 affect BMP metabolism in mice and humans. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Grabner, G. F., Fawzy, N., Pribasnig, M. A., Trieb, M., Taschler, U., Holzer, M., Schweiger, M., Wolinski, H., Kolb, D., Horvath, A., Breinbauer, R., Rülicke, T., Rabl, R., Lass, A., Stadlbauer, V., Hutter-Paier, B., Stauber, R. E., Fickert, P., Z Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Overexpression of Nudt7 decreases bile acid levels and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in the liver [Research Articles]
Lipid metabolism requires CoA, an essential cofactor found in multiple subcellular compartments, including the peroxisomes. In the liver, CoA levels are dynamically adjusted between the fed and fasted states. Elevated CoA levels in the fasted state are driven by increased synthesis; however, this also correlates with decreased expression of Nudix hydrolase (Nudt)7, the major CoA-degrading enzyme in the liver. Nudt7 resides in the peroxisomes, and we overexpressed this enzyme in mouse livers to determine its effect on the size and composition of the hepatic CoA pool in the fed and fasted states. Nudt7 overexpression did not...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Shumar, S. A., Kerr, E. W., Fagone, P., Infante, A. M., Leonardi, R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 maintain membrane fluidity in most human cell types and independently of adiponectin [Research Articles]
The FA composition of phospholipids must be tightly regulated to maintain optimal cell membrane properties and compensate for a highly variable supply of dietary FAs. Previous studies have shown that AdipoR2 and its homologue PAQR-2 are important regulators of phospholipid FA composition in HEK293 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively. Here we show that both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are essential for sustaining desaturase expression and high levels of unsaturated FAs in membrane phospholipids of many human cell types, including primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and for preventing membrane rigidification i...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ruiz, M., Stahlman, M., Boren, J., Pilon, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Steroidal antibiotics are antimetabolites of Acanthamoeba steroidogenesis with phylogenetic implications [Research Articles]
Pathogenic organisms may be sensitive to inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis, which carry antimetabolite properties, through manipulation of the key enzyme, sterol methyltransferase (SMT). Here, we isolated natural suicide substrates of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraenol (CHT) and ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraenol (ERGT), and demonstrated their interference in Acanthamoeba castellanii steroidogenesis: CHT and ERGT inhibit trophozoite growth (EC50 of 51 nM) without affecting cultured human cell growth. Washout experiments confirmed that the target for vulnerability was SMT. Chemical, kinetic, and ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Zhou, W., Ramos, E., Zhu, X., Fisher, P. M., Kidane, M. E., Vanderloop, B. H., Thomas, C. D., Yan, J., Singha, U., Chaudhuri, M., Nagel, M. T., Nes, W. D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
LPA receptor 4 deficiency attenuates experimental atherosclerosis [Research Articles]
The widely expressed lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) selective receptor 4 (LPAR4) contributes to vascular development in mice and zebrafish. LPAR4 regulates endothelial permeability, lymphocyte migration, and hematopoiesis, which could contribute to atherosclerosis. We investigated the role of LPAR4 in experimental atherosclerosis elicited by adeno-associated virus expressing PCSK9 to lower LDL receptor levels. After 20 weeks on a Western diet, cholesterol levels and lipoprotein distribution were similar in WT male and Lpar4Y/– mice (P = 0.94). The atherosclerotic lesion area in the proximal aorta and arch was ~25% small...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Yang, L., Kraemer, M., Fang, X. F., Angel, P. M., Drake, R. R., Morris, A. J., Smyth, S. S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Long and very long lamellar phases in model stratum corneum lipid membranes [Research Articles]
Membrane models of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid barrier, either healthy or affected by recessive X-linked ichthyosis, constructed from ceramide [Cer; nonhydroxyacyl sphingosine N-tetracosanoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine (CerNS24) alone or with omega-O-acylceramide N-(32-linoleyloxy)dotriacontanoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine (CerEOS)], FFAs(C16–24), cholesterol (Chol), and sodium cholesteryl sulfate (CholS) were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a previously unreported polymorphism of the membranes. In the absence of CerEOS, the membranes formed a short lamellar phase (SLP; the repeat distance d = 5.3 nm), a medi...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Pullmannova, P., Ermakova, E., Kovacik, A., Opalka, L., Maixner, J., Zbytovska, J., Kucerka, N., Vavrova, K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Use of isotopically labeled substrates reveals kinetic differences between human and bacterial serine palmitoyltransferase [Research Articles]
This study also highlights that it is important to consider the type and location of isotope labels on a substrate when they are to be used in in vitro and in vivo studies. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Harrison, P. J., Gable, K., Somashekarappa, N., Kelly, V., Clarke, D. J., Naismith, J. H., Dunn, T. M., Campopiano, D. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
AMP-activated protein kinase activation ameliorates eicosanoid dysregulation in high-fat-induced kidney disease in mice [Research Articles]
High-fat diet (HFD) causes renal lipotoxicity that is ameliorated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Although bioactive eicosanoids increase with HFD and are essential in regulation of renal disease, their role in the inflammatory response to HFD-induced kidney disease and their modulation by AMPK activation remain unexplored. In a mouse model, we explored the effects of HFD on eicosanoid synthesis and the role of AMPK activation in ameliorating these changes. We used targeted lipidomic profiling with quantitative MS to determine PUFA and eicosanoid content in kidneys, urine, and renal arterial and venous...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Decleves, A.-E., Mathew, A. V., Armando, A. M., Han, X., Dennis, E. A., Quehenberger, O., Sharma, K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Regulatory T cells suppress excessive lipid accumulation in alcoholic liver disease [Research Articles]
Sensitization of hepatic immune cells from chronic alcohol consumption gives rise to inflammatory accumulation, which is considered a leading cause of liver damage. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive cell subset that plays an important role in a variety of liver diseases; however, data about pathological involvement of Tregs in liver steatosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is insufficient. In mouse models of ALD, we found that increased lipid accumulation by chronic alcohol intake was accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammatory accumulation, and Treg decline in the liver. Adoptive transfer of Tregs re...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Wang, H., Wu, T., Wang, Y., Wan, X., Qi, J., Li, L., Wang, X., Luo, X., Ning, Q. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Anti-parasitic drug discovery takes a giant leap forward [Commentary]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Nickels, J. T. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Advances in determining signaling mechanisms of ceramide and role in disease [JLR Perspectives]
Ceramide is a critical bioactive lipid involved in diverse cellular processes. It has been proposed to regulate cellular processes by influencing membrane properties and by directly interacting with effector proteins. Advances over the past decade have improved our understanding of ceramide as a bioactive lipid. Generation and characterization of ceramide-metabolizing enzyme KO mice, development of specific inhibitors and ceramide-specific antibodies, use of advanced microscopy and mass spectrometry, and design of synthetic ceramide derivatives have all provided insight into the signaling mechanisms of ceramide and its imp...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Stith, J. L., Velazquez, F. N., Obeid, L. M. Tags: JLR Perspectives Source Type: research
In Memoriam: Donald MacFarland Small (1931-2019) [Tribute]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Shipley, G. G., Tall, A. R., Atkinson, D. Tags: Tribute Source Type: research
Withdrawal: 12/15-Lipoxygenase-dependent ROS production is required for diet-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction [Withdrawals/retractions]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - March 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Chattopadhyay, R., Tinnikov, A., Dyukova, E., Singh, N. K., Kotla, S., Mobley, J. A., Rao, G. N. Tags: Withdrawals/retractions Source Type: research
