Does Bacterial Vaginosis Result From Fecal Transplantation?
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fenollar, F., Raoult, D. Tags: CORRESPONDENCE Source Type: research
MicroRNA-125b Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction in Polymicrobial Sepsis by Targeting TRAF6-Mediated Nuclear Factor {kappa}B Activation and p53-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling
Conclusions. Increased myocardial miR-125b expression attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and improves survival. miR-125b may be a target for septic cardiomyopathy. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ma, H., Wang, X., Ha, T., Gao, M., Liu, L., Wang, R., Yu, K., Kalbfleisch, J. H., Kao, R. L., Williams, D. L., Li, C. Tags: BACTERIA Source Type: research
The Matrine Derivate MASM Prolongs Survival, Attenuates Inflammation, and Reduces Organ Injury in Murine Established Lethal Sepsis
Conclusions. MASM could be further explored for the treatments of sepsis, especially for administration later after the onset of sepsis. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Xu, J., Wang, K.-Q., Xu, W.-H., Li, Y.-H., Qi, Y., Wu, H.-Y., Li, J.-Z., He, Z.-G., Hu, H.-G., Wang, Y., Zhang, J.-P. Tags: BACTERIA Source Type: research
Two Types of Interleukin 17A-Producing {gamma}{delta} T Cells in Protection Against Pulmonary Infection With Klebsiella pneumoniae
Conclusions. These results suggest that 2 types of IL-17A–producing T cells are activated for host defense against K. pneumoniae infection by IL-23–dependent or independent mechanism. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Murakami, T., Hatano, S., Yamada, H., Iwakura, Y., Yoshikai, Y. Tags: BACTERIA Source Type: research
Ratio of T-Helper Type 1 (Th1) to Th17 Cytokines in Whole Blood Is Associated With Human {beta}-Defensin 3 Expression in Skin and Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage
Conclusions. A low Th1 to Th17 mRNA ratio increases the propensity for persistent S. aureus nasal colonization, with downregulated hBD-3 transcription providing a potential link. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nurjadi, D., Kain, M., Marcinek, P., Gaile, M., Heeg, K., Zanger, P. Tags: BACTERIA Source Type: research
Dynamics of Persistent Oral Cytomegalovirus Shedding During Primary Infection in Ugandan Infants
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs frequently in young children, who, when infected, are then a major source of transmission. Oral CMV shedding by 14 infants with primary infection was comprehensively characterized using quantitative polymerase chain reaction weekly for ≥9 months. Three phases of oral shedding were identified: expansion, transition, and clearance. Viral expansion occurred over a median of 7 weeks, with a median doubling time of 3 days. During the transition phase, expansion slowed over a median of 6 weeks before peak viral load was reached. Clearance was slow (22-day median half-life), and shedding ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mayer, B. T., Matrajt, L., Casper, C., Krantz, E. M., Corey, L., Wald, A., Gantt, S., Schiffer, J. T. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Phase 3 Trial of a Sabin Strain-Based Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
Conclusions. The immune response induced by Sabin-IPV was not inferior to that established with Salk-IPV. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Liao, G., Li, R., Li, C., Sun, M., Jiang, S., Li, Y., Mo, Z., Xia, J., Xie, Z., Che, Y., Yang, J., Yin, Z., Wang, J., Chu, J., Cai, W., Zhou, J., Wang, J., Li, Q. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Immunogenicity and Safety of an AS03-Adjuvanted H7N9 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in a Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults
Conclusions. Two doses of AS03-adjuvanted H7N9 vaccine were well tolerated and induced a robust antibody response at antigen-sparing doses in healthy adults.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01999842. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Madan, A., Segall, N., Ferguson, M., Frenette, L., Kroll, R., Friel, D., Soni, J., Li, P., Innis, B. L., Schuind, A. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Clinical Predictors of Critical Lower Respiratory Tract Illness Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants and Children: Data to Inform Case Definitions for Efficacy Trials
We analyzed data from 524 Argentinean infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to inform selection of clinical end points for RSV vaccine efficacy trials. Cases of LRTI due to RSV that required a mask, continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure, or mechanical ventilation were classified as critical. Oxygen saturation of ≤90%, tachypnea, and tachycardia were each associated with an increased odds of critical LRTI due to RSV (adjusted odds ratios [ORs], 2.30 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.26–4.24; P = .007], 2.22 [95% CI, 1.19–4.16; P = .01...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Atwell, J. E., Geoghegan, S., Karron, R. A., Polack, F. P. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Load Response to 2 Antiviral Regimens, Tenofovir/Lamivudine and Lamivudine, in HIV/ HBV-Coinfected Pregnant Women in Guangxi, China: The Tenofovir in Pregnancy (TiP) Study
Conclusions. Initiation of either regimen led to achievement of HBV DNA levels below the threshold associated with perinatal HBV transmission.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01125696. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wang, L., Wiener, J., Bulterys, M., Wei, X., Chen, L., Liu, W., Liang, S., Shepard, C., Wang, L., Wang, A., Zhang, F., Kourtis, A. P. Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Protease Inhibitor Resistance Remains Even After Mutant Strains Become Undetectable by Deep Sequencing
Conclusions. The virological response to daclatasvir plus asunaprevir treatment was low in patients with simeprevir treatment failure. PI resistance remains even after disappearance of mutant strains by deep sequencing. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kan, H., Imamura, M., Uchida, T., Hiraga, N., Hayes, C. N., Tsuge, M., Abe, H., Aikata, H., Makokha, G. N., Chowdhury, S., Miki, D., Ochi, H., Ishida, Y., Tateno, C., Chayama, K. Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Increase in CD4+ T-Cell Count at the Time of HIV Diagnosis and Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation Among Persons With HIV in New York City
Discussion. Increases in CD4+ T-cell count at diagnosis and ART initiation suggest that the time from HIV infection to ART initiation has been reduced substantially in New York City. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Braunstein, S. L., Robertson, M. M., Myers, J., Abraham, B., Nash, D. Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Life Expectancy Among People With HIV: A US-Based Modeling Study
Conclusions. HIV-infected US smokers aged 40 years lose >6 years of life expectancy from smoking, possibly outweighing the loss from HIV infection itself. Smoking cessation should become a priority in HIV treatment programs. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Reddy, K. P., Parker, R. A., Losina, E., Baggett, T. P., Paltiel, A. D., Rigotti, N. A., Weinstein, M. C., Freedberg, K. A., Walensky, R. P. Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Increased Proinflammatory Responses of Monocytes and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Influenza A Virus Infection During Pregnancy
Pregnancy-induced alterations in immunity may contribute to the increased morbidity associated with influenza A virus infection during pregnancy. We characterized the immune response of monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to influenza A virus infection in 21 pregnant and 21 nonpregnant women. In pregnant women, monocytes and pDCs exhibit an exaggerated proinflammatory immune response to 2 strains of influenza A virus, compared with nonpregnant women, characterized by increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (approximately 2.0-fold), CD69 (approximately 2.2-fold), interferon –ind...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Le Gars, M., Kay, A. W., Bayless, N. L., Aziz, N., Dekker, C. L., Swan, G. E., Davis, M. M., Blish, C. A. Tags: PATHOGENESIS AND HOST RESPONSE Source Type: research
Human Alveolar Macrophages May Not Be Susceptible to Direct Infection by a Human Influenza Virus
The current studies were undertaken to determine the susceptibility of human alveolar macrophages (AMs) to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in comparison with autologous peripheral blood–derived monocytes-macrophages (PBMs). AMs and PBMs were exposed to IAV in vitro and examined for their ability to bind and internalize IAV, and synthesize viral proteins and RNA. PBMs but not AMs demonstrated binding and internalization of the virus, synthesizing viral proteins and RNA. Exposure of AMs in the presence of a sialidase inhibitor or anti-IAV antibody resulted in viral protein synthesis by the cells. Exposure of AMs to f...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ettensohn, D. B., Frampton, M. W., Nichols, J. E., Roberts, N. J. Tags: PATHOGENESIS AND HOST RESPONSE Source Type: research
