The Order of Addition of Immunocompromise: The Effects of HIV Infection on Fibrosis Progression Among Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fierer, D. S. Tags: EDITORIAL COMMENTARIES Source Type: research
Soluble CD163 and Clinical Outcomes in Treated HIV Infection: Insights Into Mechanisms
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hunt, P. W. Tags: EDITORIAL COMMENTARIES Source Type: research
The Art and Science of Delivering Influenza Vaccines
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Neuzil, K. M. Tags: EDITORIAL COMMENTARIES Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Subscriptions Page
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Masthead
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial Advisory Board
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Cover
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Disease, Statins, and HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients are at an increased risk of serious, non–AIDS-defining comorbidities, even in the setting of viral suppression with combination antiretroviral therapy. This increased risk is due in part to immune dysfunction and heightened inflammation and immune activation associated with chronic HIV infection. Statins have wide-reaching immunomodulatory effects, and their use in the HIV-infected population may be of particular benefit. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of increased inflammation during HIV infection and how it contributes to the risk of cardiovasc...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Eckard, A. R., Meissner, E. G., Singh, I., McComsey, G. A. Tags: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION IN TREATED HIV DISEASE Source Type: research
From Wasting to Obesity: The Contribution of Nutritional Status to Immune Activation in HIV Infection
The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on innate and adaptive immune activation occurs in the context of host factors, which serve to augment or dampen the physiologic response to the virus. Independent of HIV infection, nutritional status, particularly body composition, affects innate immune activation through a variety of conditions, including reduced mucosal barrier defenses and microbiome dysbiosis in malnutrition and the proinflammatory contribution of adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in obesity. Similarly, T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine expression are reduced in the setting of...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Koethe, J. R., Heimburger, D. C., PrayGod, G., Filteau, S. Tags: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION IN TREATED HIV DISEASE Source Type: research
Cytomegalovirus and HIV: A Dangerous Pas de Deux
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults who take stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk for early onset of age-related diseases. This is likely due to a complex interaction between traditional risk factors, HIV infection itself, and other factors, such as underlying immune dysfunction and persistent inflammation. HIV disrupts the balance between the host and coinfecting microbes, worsening control of these potential pathogens. For example, HIV-infected adults are more likely than the general population to have subclinical bursts of cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication at mucosal sites. Production of ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gianella, S., Letendre, S. Tags: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION IN TREATED HIV DISEASE Source Type: research
Gut Mucosal Barrier Dysfunction, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Their Role in HIV-1 Disease Progression
Distinct pathological events occur within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Asian macaques with progressive simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and humans with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection that are critical in shaping disease course. These events include depletion and functional alteration of GI-resident CD4+ T cells, loss of antigen-presenting cells, loss of innate lymphocytes, and possible alterations to the composition of the gut microbiota. These contribute to structural damage to the GI tract and systemic translocation of GI tract microbial products. These translocated microbial pro...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mudd, J. C., Brenchley, J. M. Tags: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION IN TREATED HIV DISEASE Source Type: research
Cytokines and T-Cell Homeostasis in HIV Infection
Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by progressive CD4+ T-cell depletion and CD8+ T-cell expansion, and CD4+ T-cell depletion is linked directly to the risk for opportunistic infections and infection-associated mortality. With suppression of HIV replication by antiretroviral therapy, circulating CD4+ Tcell numbers typically improve while CD8+ T-cell expansion persists, and both CD4+ T-cell cytopenia and CD8+ T-cell expansion are associated with morbidity and mortality. In this brief review, we report on the role that selected homeostatic and inflammatory cytokines may play both in the fa...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Freeman, M. L., Shive, C. L., Nguyen, T. P., Younes, S.-A., Panigrahi, S., Lederman, M. M. Tags: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION IN TREATED HIV DISEASE Source Type: research
Immunologic Biomarkers, Morbidity, and Mortality in Treated HIV Infection
Despite marked improvements in the modern treatment era, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals, particularly those who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) at advanced disease stages, continue to have increased age-related morbidity and mortality, compared with the general population. Immune activation and inflammation persist despite suppressive ART and predict many of these morbidities. The goal of this review is to examine the evidence suggesting a link between the persistent inflammatory state and morbidity and mortality in this setting, to describe the impact of early ART initiation on these ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hunt, P. W., Lee, S. A., Siedner, M. J. Tags: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION IN TREATED HIV DISEASE Source Type: research
