Antibodies and Acidic Environment Do Not Enhance HIV-1 Transcytosis
A limited number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants initially infect HIV-1–naive individuals. Recent studies imply that this may occur because generally inefficient transcytosis across intact mucosal surfaces could be enhanced for specific viruses with bound antibodies and in the presence of acidic pH. We found that transcytosis of both cell-free and cell-associated viruses with diverse envelopes was significantly decreased in the presence of either antibodies or plasma from chronically infected transmitting partners regardless of pH. Transmitted variants also did not have greater transmigration ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gonzalez, O. A., Sagar, M. Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Renal Impairment and Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Positive Individuals: The D:A:D Study
Conclusions. Among HIV-positive individuals in a large contemporary cohort, a strong relation between confirmed impaired eGFR and CVD was observed. This finding highlights the need for renal preventive measures and intensified monitoring for emerging CVD, particularly in older individuals with continuously low eGFRs. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ryom, L., Lundgren, J. D., Ross, M., Kirk, O., Law, M., Morlat, P., Fontas, E., Smit, C., Fux, C. A., Hatleberg, C. I., de Wit, S., Sabin, C. A., Mocroft, A., for the D:A:D Study Group, El-Sadr, Calvo, Dabis, Kirk, Law, Monforte, Morfeldt, Pradier, Reiss, Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Impaired Host Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients
Conclusions. M. tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients had lower expression of the DosR regulon, a critical metabolic and immunomodulatory switch induced by NO, carbon monoxide, and hypoxia. Our human data suggest that decreased DosR expression may result from alternative pathway activation of macrophages, with consequent decreased NO expression and/or by poor granuloma formation with consequent decreased hypoxic stress. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Walter, N. D., de Jong, B. C., Garcia, B. J., Dolganov, G. M., Worodria, W., Byanyima, P., Musisi, E., Huang, L., Chan, E. D., Van, T. T., Antonio, M., Ayorinde, A., Kato-Maeda, M., Nahid, P., Leung, A. M., Yen, A., Fingerlin, T. E., Kechris, K., Strong, Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Plasma Soluble CD163 Level Independently Predicts All-Cause Mortality in HIV-1-Infected Individuals
Conclusions. Plasma sCD163 was an independent marker of all-cause mortality in a cohort of HIV–infected individuals, suggesting that monocyte/macrophage activation may play a role in HIV pathogenesis and be a target of intervention. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Knudsen, T. B., Ertner, G., Petersen, J., Moller, H. J., Moestrup, S. K., Eugen-Olsen, J., Kronborg, G., Benfield, T. Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Chikungunya Virus: In Vitro Response to Combination Therapy With Ribavirin and Interferon Alfa 2a
Conclusions. These studies illustrate the promise of RBV plus IFN alfa as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CHIKV infections. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gallegos, K. M., Drusano, G. L., D'Argenio, D. Z., Brown, A. N. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among 88 Male Virgins Residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States
This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) detection among men who deny ever engaging in penetrative sex. A questionnaire was administered to 4123 men from a cohort study of HPV natural history. Genital exfoliated cells were collected and genotyped for 36 HPV types. Eighty-eight men were classified as virgins. Log-binomial regression models identified factors associated with genital HPV detection. The prevalence of any and high-risk HPV types among 88 male virgins was 25.0% and 18.2%, respectively. Age and smoking status were associated with HPV detection. Further studies a...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Liu, Z., Nyitray, A. G., Hwang, L.-Y., Swartz, M. D., Abrahamsen, M., Lazcano-Ponce, E., Salmeron, J., Quiterio, M., Villa, L. L., Baggio, M. L., Silva, R. J. C., Giuliano, A. R. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Sequential Acquisition of Anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Following Genital Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Women: The HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study
Conclusions. MSW with prior genital HPV infections had a higher risk of a subsequent type-specific anal infection. The higher risk was not explained by sexual intercourse with female partners. Autoinoculation is a possible mechanism for the observed association. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Pamnani, S. J., Nyitray, A. G., Abrahamsen, M., Rollison, D. E., Villa, L. L., Lazcano-Ponce, E., Huang, Y., Borenstein, A., Giuliano, A. R. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Association of Human Immunoglobulin G1 Heavy Chain Variants With Neutralization Capacity and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against Human Cytomegalovirus
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is limited by HCMV-specific antibody functions. Here the association between the genetic marker (GM) 3/17 variants in the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) heavy chain constant region, virus neutralization, and natural killer (NK)–cell activation was investigated. In 100 HCMV-seropositive individuals, the GM3/17 polymorphism, serum 50% HCMV antibody neutralization titer (NT50), and in vitro HCMV-specific antibody NK-cell activation were assessed. The HCMV NT50 was higher in heterozygous GM3/17 persons than in GM3/3 persons (P = .0276). Furthermore, individuals expressing GM3/17 exhibited...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Vietzen, H., Görzer, I., Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Unique Presentation of Orf Virus Infection in a Thermal-Burn Patient After Receiving an Autologous Skin Graft
We describe a burn patient who developed skin lesions on her skin-graft harvest and skin-graft recipient (burn) sites. Orf virus infection was confirmed by a combination of diagnostic assays, including molecular tests, immunohistochemical analysis, pathologic analysis, and electron microscopy. DNA sequence analysis grouped this orf virus isolate among isolates from India. Although no definitive source of infection was determined from this case, this is the first reported case of orf virus infection in a skin graft harvest. Skin graft recipients with exposures to animals may be at risk for this viral infection. (Source: The...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hsu, C. H., Rokni, G. R., Aghazadeh, N., Brinster, N., Li, Y., Muehlenbachs, A., Goldsmith, C. S., Zhao, H., Petersen, B., McCollum, A. M., Reynolds, M. G. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Fibrosis Progression in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Conclusions. Fibrosis progression in HCV is not linear but varies according to stage, with the highest progression in patients with the lowest fibrosis severity. Patients who experience flares in the ALT level are also more likely to progress. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zeremski, M., Dimova, R. B., Pillardy, J., de Jong, Y. P., Jacobson, I. M., Talal, A. H. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Preexisting Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity-Activating Antibody Responses Are Stable Longitudinally and Cross-reactive Responses Are Not Boosted by Recent Influenza Exposure
Cross-reactive influenza virus–specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)–activating antibodies are readily detected in healthy adults. However, little is known about the kinetics of these ADCC responses. We used retrospective serial blood samples from healthy donors to investigate this topic. All donors had ADCC responses against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) and avian influenza A(H7N9) virus hemagglutinins (HAs) despite being seronegative for these viruses in standard hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization serological assays. A(H1N1)pdm09 exposure did not boos...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Valkenburg, S. A., Zhang, Y., Chan, K. Y., Leung, K., Wu, J. T., Poon, L. L. M. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Effect of Statin Use on Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness
Conclusions. Statin use was associated with reduced VE against influenza A(H3N2) but not influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 or influenza B. Further research is needed to assess biologic plausibility and confirm these results. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: McLean, H. Q., Chow, B. D. W., VanWormer, J. J., King, J. P., Belongia, E. A. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Modest Waning of Influenza Vaccine Efficacy and Antibody Titers During the 2007-2008 Influenza Season
Conclusions. Both vaccines were efficacious but LAIV less so. IIV efficacy decreased slowly over time, but the vaccine remained significantly efficacious for the majority of the season. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Petrie, J. G., Ohmit, S. E., Truscon, R., Johnson, E., Braun, T. M., Levine, M. Z., Eichelberger, M. C., Monto, A. S. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Consecutive Infections With Influenza A and B Virus in Children During the 2014-2015 Seasonal Influenza Epidemic
In a retrospective analysis of the test results for 647 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza, we identified 13 children with influenza A virus infection who were subsequently infected with influenza B virus after a mean interval of 50 days. None of these children were considered immunodeficient or had an increased frequency of infections. Our data provide novel information in showing that consecutive infection with influenza A and B viruses can occur during a regular influenza season in immune-competent children and that a preceding influenza A virus infection may not provide cross-protection against influenza B vi...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Möst, J., Weiss, G. Tags: VIRUSES Source Type: research
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis: The Evolving Story
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Schluger, N. W. Tags: EDITORIAL COMMENTARIES Source Type: research
