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Current litigation - what can we learn?
AbstractThis presentation explores the issues raised in the first presentation by examining current cases before European courts: (i) Union of Swiss Senior Women for Climate Protection v. Swiss Federal Council and Others. The application was rejected by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court on legal standing grounds - the heat stress-related aspects were not specific enough. The case has been appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. (ii) Youth for Climate Justice v. Austria, et al The European Court of Human Rights has dismissed a coordinated effort by 33 governments to overturn its October 2020 decision to fast-track the...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

6.I. Workshop: Social Prescribing: what has been learned in developing evidence, what challenges and solutions?
Abstract Social prescribing is seen as a mechanism for addressing the social determinants of health, preventing exacerbation of pre-existing diseases, reducing attendance in primary and emergency care and improving general population health and well-being. Social prescribing involves individuals being referred/self-referring to non-medical interventions run by a third-party organisation. Social prescribing has received widespread attention internationally; however, the evidence base to support social prescribing lacks rigour, and gaps remain. The complexity of social prescribing, in that it involves multiple referral rou...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Country Experience with using the Country Assessment Tool (Lessons learned)
AbstractFindings from the CA show that research and data are largely available, but there are several knowledge gaps and we often lack a comprehensive overview. Gaps include longitudinal studies and knowledge of effects of implemented policy and practice. Lack of knowledge-based practice and policy development is a continuous challenge. Furthermore, we identified a lack of coordination of the migration health field, as well as cross-sectional collaboration.Lessons learned: The CA and the JAHEE has provided a starting point for conversations with national partners, such as the directorate of health, about how we can strengt...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Country Experience with using the Country Assessment Tool (Lessons learned)
AbstractDifficulties in completing the CA concerned the availability of data and quality of data, also complicated by complex government structures. UK-level data are collected by various agencies and are often unavailable at Welsh level. Data on migrant health is not collected, apart from the Office of National Statistics scoping collection at UK level. There was no data available regarding refugees after they have been granted leave to remain, and the numbers in Wales not known. Research on migrant health is largely limited to people seeking sanctuary, and there is an ambitious cross-sector plan to make Wales the world's...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Physical Activity Determinants in Older People: An Analysis of the UK Understanding Society Wave 2
ConclusionsIn general, higher income, gross personal income, social class, wellbeing, and green food consumption seemed to produce greater odds of participating in all physical activities.Key messagesThese findings suggest the need for other social determinants to be thoroughly investigated.There is also a need for older adults to be well provided for so these determinants of health can improve their quality of life. (Source: The European Journal of Public Health)
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Socioeconomic inequalities in health: the role of daily hassles and the importance of health
This study examines whether socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health are mediated by daily hassles and/or the perceived importance of health, and whether there is sequential mediation of daily hassles and perceived importance of health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 among N = 1,334 Dutch adults. Participants rated the extent of eleven commonly experienced daily hassles (e.g., financial hassles, legal issues), and indicated the perceived importance of two health-related domains (not being ill, living a long life). Inequalities in self-assessed health according to SEP (indicated by income and educa...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Health literacy needs among unemployed adults: Triangulating interview and scoping review data
Abstract Disadvantaged populations, including unemployed adults, often exhibit low levels of health literacy. Exploring subjectively perceived health literacy needs in these populations can serve as an entry point for participatory intervention development. We aimed to assess health literacy needs of unemployed adults by triangulating qualitative interviews data and a scoping review. Using a parallel approach, we combined results of an interview study with 10 participants of a job-reintegration program in Germany and a scoping review. The interviews, conducted in early 2021, focused on health topics of interest to the pa...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Two interventions to help smokers quit - when less is more
Abstract Smoking cessation has known individual health benefits and significant positive economic effect at the population level. Interventions aiming to help smokers quit are available in most EU countries, involving individual or group-work and pharmacotherapy. Public health resources are limited and insufficient. Research, comparing different approaches taking into account necessary resources, is needed to select the most effective interventions. Since 2008 in Pozega-Slavonia County, Croatia, there have been two organized programs, without pharmacotherapy, for smokers. Namely: “Non-smoking school” as an intensive ...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

The impact of smoking on mortality in the face of population ageing: the example of Germany
ConclusionsResults indicate that past decreases in SAM due to declines in smoking were largely compensated by population ageing. In the next two decades, current smoking trends and population ageing will lead to a steady increase in SAM. Only by taking determined immediate policy action could significant inroads into reducing the smoking-associated disease burden be achieved. Also, given still significant smoking rates in middle and old age, there is tremendous potential to curb the associated public health burden by intensifying cessation programs.Key messagesContrary to common expectations among policymakers, the smoking...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Living and working in proximity to alcohol outlets and problem drinking: a longitudinal study
ConclusionsThese findings suggest that alcohol outlet proximity to one's workplace could be a determinant of alcohol consumption behavior. Reducing the number of on- and off-premises alcohol outlets, even those that only sell beer, could reduce the level of harmful alcohol consumption.Key messagesAlcohol outlet proximity to one ’s workplace could be an additional determinant of alcohol consumption behavior.Reducing the number of on- and off-premises alcohol outlets, even those that only sell beer, could reduce the level of harmful alcohol consumption. (Source: The European Journal of Public Health)
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Co-designing a training package to promote health/oral health for people experiencing homelessness
ConclusionsThe training package allows adaptations to different settings and contexts and will be an important resource to be used by practitioners from different fields to prevent and tackle homelessness. Participants are sharing important views related to the need of a human rights and social justice-based approach to health promotion.Key messagesDevelopment of a co-designed knowledge exchange training package to improve practitioners' knowledge and ability to communicate and to engage with people experiencing homelessness.To empower people experiencing homelessness regarding positive health/oral health behavior change. ...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Hospital hand hygiene monitoring: internal audits and the role of public health residents
ConclusionsGlobal HH adherence was in line with significant published data and was far better than 2016 data but slightly lower than observations in 2018 when the program started. We believe 2020 HH compliance could have changed due to HCW involvement in IPC against COVID-19.Key messagesHand hygiene (HH) audits represent a crucial tool of clinical governance and risk management: auditors ’ training, monthly and annual reports, and feedbacks allowed to structure a virtuous process.If HH audits aim to improve practice we should understand when HH is most beneficial, assessing quality, improving performances through achieva...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

4.E. Workshop: Climate change influence in the exposure to several risk factors: One Health approach as a solution?
Abstract Climate change (CC), considered by IPCC as unequivocal, is associated with significant changes in long-term weather characteristics and short-term weather extremes in different regions of the globe. The increasing of exposure to several risk factors within the human, animal and environmental dimensions is one of the effects of CC. Considering that the persistence and mobility of chemicals/toxins are influenced by weather conditions, we can predict that human exposure will be affected. Additionally, changes in biota are also predicted as an adaptation to the CC scenario and due to the increased use of biocides. A...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Quantifying the burden of disease in Scotland in 2018: a Scottish Burden of Disease study
ConclusionsIschaemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of burden of disease in Scotland, however recent years show an increase in burden of social causes and diseases primarily affecting the ageing population. These changes in leading causes demonstrate the importance of continuing to monitor the burden of disease in Scotland, to provide robust evidence for planning of local and national services.Key messagesThe study demonstrates the added-value of considering the burden of disease, in conjunction with traditional measures of morbidity and mortality.Ischaemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause o...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

The Association between GDP and non-communicable disease mortality in the WHO European Region
ConclusionsThe overall differential rate of mortality from the three NCDs is decreasing across all regions. However, there is a large disparity between the sexes. Males have a higher mortality rate across CVD and chronic respiratory diseases, whilst neurological disorders were highest among females.Key messagesThis study ’s analysis has added to existing knowledge on chronic health patterns in the WHO European region.Governments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia should introduce health policies targeting unhealthy consumption of alcohol, smoking and diets, as seen in Western Europe. (Source: The European Journal of Public Health)
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research