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Diagnosing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and differentiating from potential mimics
The initial diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires multiple diagnostic modalities, however endoscopic evaluation is considered the gold standard diagnostic test. Endoscopic evaluation includes colonoscopy with ileoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, enteroscopy, and capsule endoscopy. IBD encompasses Crohn ′s disease, Ulcerative colitis, and IBD-unclassified. Colonoscopy with ileoscopy and biopsy collection is essential in the vast majority of IBD cases for diagnosis, and to rule out alternative diagnoses that may mimic IBD including ischemia, diverticulitis, segmental colitis associated with divert iculos...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 28, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kindra D. Clark-Snustad, Scott D. Lee Tags: SI: Imaging in IBD Source Type: research

July Issue, Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn ′s and ulcerative colitis, are increasing worldwide with the highest prevalence in Europe and North America, approaching 1 in 200 in the United States. Gastroenterologists in United States will likely need to face managing a patient with inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis, which has become more challenging with the increasing number of diagnostic tests and treatments. Endoscopic findings, histopathology, and clinical context are all needed to make a diagnosis of IBD. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 28, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Faten N. Aberra Tags: SI: Imaging in IBD Source Type: research

Cholangiocarcinoma: clinical manifestations and diagnosis
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. CCA most commonly presents with perihilar tumor location, the so-called “Klatskin tumor”. However, mass-forming CCAs can also occur. The most important mimicker of CCA is IgG4-associated cholangiopathy, which can create strictures radiologically resembling CCA. Chronic inflammatory processes in the liver and biliary tree may be involved in biliary carcinogenesis. Li ver fluke infestation and Oriental cholangiohepatitis are seen primarily in Asia, and increase the risk of CCA. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 24, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Juliana Rodrigues, David L. Diehl Tags: SI: Biliary Strictures Source Type: research

Benign biliary strictures: endoscopic management
Over the past two decades endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with stricture dilation and stent placement has gradually become the first-line treatment modality for the vast majority of benign biliary strictures (BBSs).Stricture remediation with progressive placement of multiple plastic stents with three months interval stent exchange during a period of one year has excellent long-term results in patients with postoperative BBSs.Covered self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are a reasonable alternative to multiple plastic stenting, especially in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). (Source: Techniques i...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 20, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ivo Bo škoski, Guido Costamagna Tags: SI: Biliary Strictures Source Type: research

Approach to biliary access in patients with altered anatomy
Alteration of the upper digestive tract or pancreatico-biliary anatomy poses a challenge for successful ERCP. The alterations can arise either after surgery or as a result of tumor or diverticulum. In this scenario, the papilla may be unreachable, or difficult to cannulate. The situation is further compounded by the lack of dedicated instruments for such procedures. EUS-guided biliary intervention and device assisted enteroscopy are two techniques which have been found to be useful for ERCP in patients with altered anatomy. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 18, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Sudipta D. Chowdhury, Pilar Diez-Redondo, Manuel Perez-Miranda Source Type: research

Cholangiocarcinoma: Endoscopic therapies
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a difficult-to-treat biliary malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality due to its typically late symptomatic presentation. Though curative surgical options do exist, most patients with perihilar CCA are deemed unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, the efficacy of chemoradiation for tumor control is limited. However, advances in endoscopic technology and techniques have enabled improved symptom palliation via internal biliary decompression, which is associated with improved quality of life. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - July 18, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Dushant S. Uppal, Andrew Y. Wang Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - June 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Table of Contents
(Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - June 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Advanced endoscopic imaging for biliary strictures: Review of current technologies
Conventional diagnostic techniques for indeterminate biliary strictures using ERCP based ductal brushings and biopsy alone remain insensitive with inconsistent yields. There are multiple technologies, both established and novel, including peroral cholangioscopy, endoscopic and intraductal ultrasound, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and volumetric laser endomicroscopy with evolving data to support their use in the workup of indeterminate biliary strictures. Implementation of such technologies remains hindered by steep operator learning curves, device cost, and a dirth of comparative literature to support evidence ...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - June 21, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jennifer T. Higa, S. Ian Gan Tags: SI: Biliary Strictures Source Type: research

Biliary strictures in the liver transplant patient
Biliary complications are the most common adverse events following liver transplantation (LT). Living donor LT have a higher rate of biliary complications compared with deceased donor LT. Multiple risk factors have been implicated in the development of biliary strictures, which could be categorized into recipient, graft, operative factors, and postoperative factors. Bile duct strictures following LT are classified as biliary anastomotic strictures or nonanastomotic strictures. Nonanastomotic strictures have a less favorable response to endoscopic management. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - June 21, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kaveh Sharzehi Source Type: research