Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Advances in MRI-Guided Radiation Therapy
Image guidance for radiation therapy (RT) has evolved over the last few decades and now is routinely performed using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Conventional linear accelerators (LINACs) that use CBCT have limited soft tissue contrast, are not able to image the patient ’s internal anatomy during treatment delivery, and most are not capable of online adaptive replanning. RT delivery systems that use MRI have become available within the last several years and address many of the imaging limitations of conventional LINACs. Herein, the authors review the technical c haracteristics and advantages of MRI-guided R...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - April 4, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Michael D. Chuong, Russell F. Palm, Michael C. Tjong, Daniel E. Hyer, Amar U. Kishan Source Type: research

Advances in Radiotherapy Immune Modulation
Pre-clinical and clinical data clearly demonstrate the immune modulatory effects of radiotherapy (RT) but clinical trials testing RT  + immunotherapy have been equivocal. An improved understanding of the immune modulatory effects of RT and how practical parameters of RT delivery (site and number of lesions, dose, fractionation, timing) influence these effects are needed to optimally combine RT with immunotherapy. Additionally, increased exploration of immunotherapy combinations with RT, beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors, are needed. A “bench-to-bedside and back again” approach will improve our understanding of RT i...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - April 4, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Charles X. Wang, Jared Hunt, Shera Feinstein, Soo Kyoung Kim, Arta M. Monjazeb Source Type: research

Advances in Radiotherapy
Radiation Oncology is a cornerstone of cancer therapy, partnering with Surgery and Medical/Hematology Oncology to enhance outcomes for patients with cancer. In the past few decades, advances in technology have largely driven the administration of more personalized radiation therapy (RT). The advent of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT/stereotactic ablative radiotherapy [SABR]), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) allowed radiation oncologists to better “carve” radiation dose around critical normal structures, allowing sparing of normal tissues and/or opening up opportuni...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - April 4, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Terence Williams Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Advances in Radiotherapy
This issue of the Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America focuses on Advances in Radiotherapy. In 1896, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German physics professor, presented a lecture on a new kind of “X ray” and in 1901 received the first Nobel Prize awarded in physics for this work.1 Around this same time, Maria Sklodowska-Curie discovered radium as a source of radiation and subsequently reported on the physiologic effects of radium rays.2 The earliest radiation treatments involved skin con ditions, like eczema and lupus, although radiotherapy was described in the treatment of a patient with gastric cancer as early as th...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - April 4, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Timothy M. Pawlik Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Biology-Guided Radiation Therapy
Biology-guided radiation therapy is an emerging field whereby delivery of external beam radiotherapy incorporates biological/molecular imaging to inform radiation treatment. At present, there is evidence for the use of functional imaging such as PET to evaluate treatment response in patients both during and after radiation treatment as well as to provide a method of adapting or selecting patient-specific treatments. Examples in thoracic, gastrointestinal, and hematologic malignancies are provided. Improvements in PET metrics, thresholds, and novel radiotracers will further move this novel field forward. (Source: Surgical O...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 28, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Colton Ladbury, Nicholas Eustace, Arya Amini, Savita Dandapani, Terence Williams Source Type: research

Special Edition on Surgical Endocrinology in Honor of Orlo H. Clark
The history of the specialty of endocrine surgery can be traced back to a group of individuals who shared camaraderie, expertise, passion, and friendship. Among them was Orlo H. Clark, whose memory we honor with this issue. From these roots, an entire family tree of learning has grown that has sprouted into every crevice of the surgical world. Orlo was a class act, pushing those in the specialty to reach our best potential, challenge the status quo, think outside the box, and be inclusive in terms of every aspect of diversity. (Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Nancy D. Perrier Tags: Preface Source Type: research

A Contemporary Review of the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Era of New Drug Therapies
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that can be sporadic or inherited and is often associated with mutations in the RET (Rearranged during Transfection) oncogene. The primary treatment for MTC is surgical resection of all suspected disease, but recent advances in targeted therapies for MTC, including the selective RET inhibitors selpercatinib and pralsetinib, have led to changes in the management of patients with locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent MTC. In this article, we review updates on the evaluation and management of patients with MTC, focusing on new and emerging therapies that are l...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Carolyn D. Seib, Thomas C. Beck, Electron Kebebew Source Type: research

A Nomogram for Relapse/Death and Contemplating Adjuvant Therapy for Parathyroid Carcinoma
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with an increased incidence in the last decade. There is no reliable prognostic staging system for PC. Several hosts, tumors, and tumor microenvironment factors have been negatively correlated with survival in the last decade. Surgical resection with negative margins is still the standard of treatment in PC. Chemo and radiotherapy have no proven beneficial effect. A new promising approach with molecular profiling could lead to adjuvant therapies. (Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Angelica M. Silva-Figueroa Source Type: research

Parathyroid Cancer
Most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are due to benign pathologic condition represented by parathyroid adenomas (up to 85% of patients with PHPT) and multigland hyperplasia (10% –15% of cases).1,2 In comparison to parathyroid adenomas, it has been reported that only 0.5% to 5% of patients with PHPT have parathyroid carcinoma (PC). Considering the prevalence of PHPT, it may be extrapolated that this low percentage could translate to a relatively large number of patients wi th PC. However despite this assumption, the quoted incidence of disease does not seem to match the clinical reality, as the largest series ...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: May Thwin, Radu Mihai Source Type: research

Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is limited by few existing trials, most of which are retrospective. The drug mitotane has been used for the treatment of ACC, although existing guidelines only support its use in high risk of recurrence. The first phase 3 trial involving systemic chemotherapy for ACC supports the use of etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and mitotane for combination therapy. No significant breakthrough has been discovered thus far in of targeted and immunotherapies. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is only used to allow for complete surgical resection because ...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Lisa Kenney, Marybeth Hughes Source Type: research

Succinate Dehydrogenase Mutations as Familial Pheochromocytoma Syndromes
It is recognized that a large portion of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma cases will have an underlying germline mutation, supporting the recommendation for universal genetic testing in all patients with PPGLs. A mutation in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B is associated with increased rates of developing synchronous and/or metachronous metastatic disease. Patients identified with this mutation require meticulous preoperative evaluation, a personalized surgical plan to minimize the risk of recurrence and tumor spread, and lifelong surveillance. (Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Michael S. Lui, Uriel Clemente-Gutierrez, Catherine M. Skefos, Nancy D. Perrier Source Type: research

Genetic Testing for Adrenal Tumors —What the Contemporary Surgeon Should Know
Surgical diseases of the adrenal gland include pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, primary hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, and adrenocortical carcinoma. These conditions may be associated with familial syndromes, and genetic testing is available and recommended in most. For adrenal surgeons to be familiar with these syndromes and know when to consider referral for genetic counseling and genetic testing is important. Identification of patients with familial syndromes allows for the detection and screening of associated syndromic neoplasms, guides surgical planning and operative approach, influences recurrence and malignan...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Maria F. Bates, Meredith J. Sorensen Source Type: research

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Syndrome Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Genotype/Phenotype
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) is a disease caused by mutations in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene leading to hyperparathyroidism, pituitary adenomas, and entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a major cause of mortality in patients with MEN1. Identification of consistent genotype –phenotype correlations has remained elusive, but MEN1 mutations in exons 2, 9, and 10 may be associated with metastatic PNETs; patients with these mutations may benefit from more intensive surveillance and aggressive treatment. In addition, epigenetic differences between MEN1-a...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Bhavishya Ramamoorthy, Naris Nilubol Source Type: research

Minimally Invasive Pancreatectomy
Minimally invasive pancreatectomy is increasingly used. Although offering potential advantages over open approaches, minimally invasive pancreatectomy has many challenges to maintain high-quality of oncologic resection. Multiple patient and surgical factors should be considered in planning laparoscopic or robotic resection, including the learning curve required to produce proficiency. For pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and other pancreatic resections, a safe, margin-negative resection remains the goal. National and societal guidelines for the adoption of minimally invasive pancreatectomy are ongoing and wi...
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Seth J. Concors, Matthew H.G. Katz, Naruhiko Ikoma Source Type: research

Status of Surveillance and Nonsurgical Therapy for Small Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) occur in2  cm to prevent metastases. For tumors ≤2 cm, active surveillance is a viable alternative. Tumor size and grade are important factors to guide management. Assessment of death domain-associated protein 6/alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked and alternative lengthening of telomeres are pro mising novel prognostic markers. This review summarizes the status of surveillance and nonsurgical management for small NF-PNETs, including factors that can guide management. (Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Dirk-Jan van Beek, Anna Vera D. Verschuur, Lodewijk A.A. Brosens, Gerlof D. Valk, Carolina R.C. Pieterman, Menno R. Vriens Source Type: research