Dopamine regulates adult neurogenesis in the ventricular ‐subventricular zone via dopamine D3 angiotensin type 2 receptor interactions
Model of the effects of dopamine in the proliferation of ventricular-subventricular zone cells. Dopamine, via D2-like receptors, upregulates angiotensin AT2 receptor expression, which mediates D2-induced cell proliferation. Dopamine, through D1-like receptors, decreases angiotensin AT1 receptor expression, and AT1 receptors inhibit cell proliferation. See Figure 5 for additional details. AbstractAdult neurogenesis is a dynamic and highly regulated process and different studies suggest that dopamine modulates ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) neurogenesis. However, the specific role of dopamine and the mechanisms/fact...
Source: Stem Cells - September 14, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Maria Garcia ‐Garrote,
Juan A. Parga,
Pablo J. Labandeira,
Jose Luis Labandeira‐Garcia,
Jannette Rodriguez‐Pallares Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells ‐derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of neurological diseases
Schematic diagram illustrating the major brain regions affected in neurodegenerative diseases, to which EVs actively migrate following IN administration. The figure presents the key mechanisms and cargo used by MSC-derived EVs to mitigate these pathologies and induce regeneration. AbstractNeurological disorders are diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a progressive degeneration of cells and deficiencies in neural functions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for diseases and disorders of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that their beneficial abilities can be attributed to t...
Source: Stem Cells - September 14, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Shay Herman,
Idan Fishel,
Daniel Offen Tags: Regenerative Medicine Source Type: research
Emerging roles of Bromodomain protein 4 in regulation of stem cell identity
BRD4 mediated transcription elongation in complex gene regulatory network during different stages of stem cell transitions. BRD4 modulates gene expression by recruiting PTEF-b for successful RNA polymerase II pause release and transcriptional elongation. Treatment with BET inhibitors blocks the transcriptional elongation and expression of pluripotency genes. AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of fate decision and lineage commitment is the key step for developing novel stem cell applications in therapeutics. This process is coordinately regulated through systematic epigenetic reprogramming and concomitant changes in the tr...
Source: Stem Cells - September 14, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Anusree Dey,
Sheetal Uppal,
Jayeeta Giri,
Hari Sharan Misra Tags: Stem Cell Technology: Epigenetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Metabonomics Source Type: research
The Cyclin ‐Like Protein SPY1 overrides Reprogramming Induced Senescence Through EZH2 Mediated H3K27me3
Reprogramming of normal fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells is characterized by low efficiency due to the upregulation of tumour suppressors and reprogramming induced senescence (RIS). Spy1 can be combined with classical pluripotency factors to override RIS through activation of EZH2 followed by an increase in trimethylation of histone H3 at the lysine 27 residue. AbstractFully differentiated cells can be reprogrammed through ectopic expression of key transcription factors to create induced pluripotent stem cells. These cells share many characteristics of normal embryonic stem cells and have great promise in dise...
Source: Stem Cells - September 11, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dorota Lubanska,
Ingrid Qemo,
Megan Byrne,
Kaitlyn N. Matthews,
Bre ‐Anne Fifield,
Jillian Brown,
Elizabeth Fidalgo Silva,
Lisa A. Porter Tags: Embryonic Stem Cells/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
Increased Lipogenesis Is Critical for Self ‐Renewal and Growth of Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Impact of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids
Breast cancer stem cells (CSC) have a distinct fatty acid profile due to the aberrant expressions of lipogenic enzymes (eg, FAS, SCD1, and FADS1/2), which are highly involved in sustaining their self-renewal, and proliferative capabilities. Omega-3 PUFA can effectively suppress the self-renewal and growth of breast CSC by downregulation of the lipogenic enzymes, especially SCD1. AbstractAberrant lipid metabolism has recently been recognized as a new hallmark of malignancy, but the characteristics of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) and potential interventions targeting this pathway remain to be addr...
Source: Stem Cells - September 6, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Haiqing Luo,
Chih ‐Yu Chen,
Xiangyong Li,
Xin Zhang,
Chien‐Wen Su,
Yinhua Liu,
Tinglan Cao,
Lei Hao,
Meng Wang,
Jing Xuan Kang Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research
Bidirectional relationship between cardiac extracellular matrix and cardiac cells in ischemic heart disease
Our review focuses on the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), cardiac-derived progenitor cells (CPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their constant interplay in response to tissue development, aging, disease progression, and repair. AbstractIschemic heart diseases (IHDs), including myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathies, are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cardiac-derived stem and progenitor cells have shown promise as a therapeutic for IHD but are limited by poor cell survival, limited retention, and rapid washout. One mechanism to address this is to encapsu...
Source: Stem Cells - September 6, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Hyun ‐Ji Park,
Kenneth J. De Jesus Morales,
Sruti Bheri,
Brandon P. Kassouf,
Michael E. Davis Tags: Concise Review Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal extracellular matrix modeling for in situ cell niche studies
Spatiotemporal extracellular matrix modeling facilitates the identification of cell-niches by combining decellularized whole organ sections and recellularization with a new algorithm for automatic generation of density maps and cluster-analysis for identification of regions of interest. AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) components govern a range of cell functions, such as migration, proliferation, maintenance of stemness, and differentiation. Cell niches that harbor stem-/progenitor cells, with matching ECM, have been shown in a range of organs, although their presence in the heart is still under debate. Determining niche...
Source: Stem Cells - August 31, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kim Olesen,
Sergey Rodin,
Wing Cheung Mak,
Ulrika Felldin,
Cecilia Österholm,
Andreas Tilevik,
Karl‐Henrik Grinnemo Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
