Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis as a Considerable Complication in Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776913Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) has only recently been put in the spotlight as a medical entity. Recent data suggest that up to 50% of tuberculosis (TB) patients are left with PTLD-related impairment after completion of TB treatment. The presence of residual cavities in the lung is the largest risk factor for the development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) globally. Diagnosis of CPA is based on four criteria including a typical radiological pattern, evidence of Aspergillus species, exclusion of alternative diagnosis, and a chronic course of disease. In th...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Neub öck, Matthias J. G ünther, Gunar Barac, Aleksandra Davidsen, Jesper R. Laursen, Christian B. Agarwal, Ritesh Sehgal, Inderpaul S. Lange, Christoph Salzer, Helmut J.F. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Clinical Presentation and Management
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776914Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) refers to a number of clinical syndromes resulting from the presence and local proliferation of Aspergillus organisms in the lungs of patients with chronic lung disease. CPA is more common than was realized two decades ago. Recognition remains poor, despite recent studies from many countries highlighting the high prevalence in at-risk populations. In low- and middle-income countries, CPA may be misdiagnosed and treated as tuberculosis (TB). In addition, CPA may develop following successful TB treatment. The coronavirus disease pande...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 28, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Evans, Terry J. Lawal, AbdulAzeez Kosmidis, Chris Denning, David W. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Clinical Manifestation and Treatment of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776912Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex hypersensitivity reaction to airway colonization by Aspergillus fumigatus in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. The pathophysiology of ABPA involves a complex interplay between the fungus and the host immune response, which causes persistent inflammation and tissue damage. Patients present with chronic cough, wheezing, and dyspnea due to uncontrolled asthma. Characteristic symptoms include the expectoration of brownish mucus plugs. Radiographic findings often reveal fleeting pulmonary infiltrates, bronch...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 28, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Agarwal, Ritesh Muthu, Valliappan Sehgal, Inderpaul S. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Antifungal Therapies for Aspergillus spp.: Present and Future
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776776Currently available and recommended options for the treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis include the triazoles, echinocandins, and amphotericin B products. These therapies have significant limitations. Only the azoles are available orally, but their use is often limited by toxicities, drug–drug interactions, pharmacokinetic variability, and emerging resistance. While the echinocandins are safe agents and may have a role in combination therapy, they are unproven as monotherapy. Amphotericin B preparations are toxic and require intensive monitoring. Finally, aspergillos...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Eschenauer, Gregory A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Monographic Issue on Pulmonary Hypertension
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44: 719-720 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772751 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 30, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Barber à, Joan Albert Humbert, Marc Tags: Preface Source Type: research
High Altitude
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44: 681-695 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770063With ascent to high altitude, barometric pressure declines, leading to a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen at every point along the oxygen transport chain from the ambient air to tissue mitochondria. This leads, in turn, to a series of changes over varying time frames across multiple organ systems that serve to maintain tissue oxygen delivery at levels sufficient to prevent acute altitude illness and preserve cognitive and locomotor function. This review focuses primarily on the physiological adjustments and acclimatization processes that occ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Berger, Marc Moritz Luks, Andrew M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Gas Exchange in the Lung
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44: 555-568 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770060Gas exchange in the lung depends on tidal breathing, which brings new oxygen to and removes carbon dioxide from alveolar gas. This maintains alveolar partial pressures that promote passive diffusion to add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from blood in alveolar capillaries. In a lung model without ventilation and perfusion (V̇AQ̇) mismatch, alveolar partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide are primarily determined by inspiratory pressures and alveolar ventilation. Regions with shunt or low
ratios worsen arterial oxygenation while ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Petersson, Johan Glenny, Robb W. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Pulmonary Vasculature
This article reviews the physiology of the pulmonary vasculature and briefly discusses how this physiology is altered by common circumstances. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hopkins, Susan R. Stickland, Michael K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Review of Pulmonary Physiology
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44: 509-510 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771162 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kaminsky, David A. Hibbert, Kathryn A. Luks, Andrew M. Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Surgery and Anesthesia in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772753Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by right ventricular impairment and a reduced ability to compensate for hemodynamic insults. Consequently, surgery can be challenging but is increasingly considered in view of available specific therapies and improved longer term survival. Optimal management requires a multidisciplinary patient-centered approach involving surgeons, anesthetists, pulmonary hypertension clinicians, and intensivists. The optimal pathway involves risk:benefit assessment for the proposed operation, optimization of pulmonary hypertension and any comorbi...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 20, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Condliffe, Robin Newton, Ruth Bauchmuller, Kris Bonnett, Tessa Kerry, Robert Mannings, Alexa Nair, Amanda Selby, Karen Skinner, Paul P. Wilson, Victoria J. Kiely, David G. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Extracorporeal Life Support in Pulmonary Hypertension: Practical Aspects
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772752Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), in particular veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, has emerged as a potentially life-saving treatment modality in patients presenting with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure refractory to conventional treatment. Used mainly as a bridge to lung transplantation, ECLS is also being used occasionally as a bridge to recovery in patients with treatable causes of right heart failure. This review article describes indications, contraindications, techniques, and outcomes of the use of ECLS in patients with PH, focusin...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 14, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hoeper, Marius M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Left Heart Disease
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772754Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of diseases affecting the left heart, mostly found in patients suffering from heart failure, with or without preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Initially driven by a passive increase in left atrial pressure (postcapillary PH), several mechanisms may lead in a subset of patient to significant structural changes of the pulmonary vessels or a precapillary component. In addition, the right ventricle may be independently affected, which results in right ventricular to pulmonary artery uncoupling and right ventri...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 14, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Baratto, Claudia Caravita, Sergio Vachi éry, Jean-Luc Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Medical Emergencies in Pulmonary Hypertension
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770120The management of acute medical emergencies in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be challenging. Patients with preexisting PH can rapidly deteriorate due to right ventricular decompensation when faced with acute physiological challenges that would usually be considered low-risk scenarios. This review considers the assessment and management of acute medical emergencies in patients with PH, encompassing both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), acknowledging these comprise the more severe groups of PH...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Seitler, Samuel Dimopoulos, Konstantinos Ernst, Sabine Price, Laura C. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Updated Hemodynamic Definition and Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770115Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological manifestation of a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormally elevated pulmonary arterial pressures diagnosed on right heart catheterization. The 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PH provides a new hemodynamic definition to define PH by lowering the threshold of the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) to 20 mm Hg. Precapillary PH is thus now defined as a mPAP >20 mm Hg together with a normal pulmonary ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lechartier, Benoit Kularatne, Mithum Ja ïs, Xavier Humbert, Marc Montani, David Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Blood Gas Transport: Implications for O2 and CO2 Exchange in Lungs and Tissues
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771161The well-known ways in which O2 and CO2 (and other gases) are carried in the blood were presented in the preceding chapter. However, what the many available texts about O2 and CO2 transport do not emphasize is why knowing how gases are carried in blood matters, and this second, companion, article specifically addresses that critical aspect of gas exchange physiology. During gas exchange, both at the lungs and in the peripheral tissues, it is the shapes and the slopes of the O2 and CO2 binding curves that explain almost all of the behaviors of each gas and the quantitati...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 11, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Wagner, Peter D. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
