Neuro-Ophthalmic Visual Impairment in the Setting of COVID-19
We describe and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, new variants of COVID-19 continue to pose an international threat, and patients with rare neuro-ophthalmic complications are likely to continue to present for care.Afferent complications from COVID-19 include homonymous visual field loss, with or without higher cortical visual syndromes, resulting from stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy. Optic neuritis has frequently been repo...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dinkin, Marc Sathi, Swetha Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Disease
This article discusses the incidence of these cerebrovascular complications, risk factors, management strategies, prognosis and future research directions, as well as considerations in pregnancy-related cerebrovascular events in the setting of COVID-19. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - May 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Catherine, Christina Veitinger, Julia Chou, Sherry H-Y. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Olfactory Dysfunction of COVID-19
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767712Until the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, much of the scientific community and the general public lacked an appreciation of the impact of decreased smell function on everyday life, including the importance of this sensory system for safety, nutrition, and overall quality of life. It is now well established that the SARS-CoV-2 virus inflicts measurable but frequently reversible smell loss during its acute phase. Indeed, in many studies such loss is the most common symptom of COVID-19. Permanent or long-term deficits (i.e., deficits lasting over a year) may occur in up to...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - May 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Doty, Richard L. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurorecovery after Critical COVID-19 Illness
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768714With the hundreds of millions of people worldwide who have been, and continue to be, affected by pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its chronic sequelae, strategies to improve recovery and rehabilitation from COVID-19 are critical global public health priorities. Neurologic complications have been associated with acute COVID-19 infection, usually in the setting of critical COVID-19 illness. Neurologic complications are also a core feature of the symptom constellation of long COVID and portend poor outcomes. In this article, we review neurologic complications and their mechan...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - May 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Alabsi, Haitham Emerson, Kristi Lin, David J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurological Considerations with COVID-19 Vaccinations
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767725The benefits of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination significantly outweigh its risks on a public health scale, and vaccination has been crucial in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Nonetheless, several reports of adverse events following vaccination have been published.To summarize reports to date and assess the extent and quality of evidence regarding possible serious adverse neurological events following COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines in the United States (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S).A review of liter...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 24, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Boruah, Abhilasha P. Heydari, Kimia Wapniarski, Anne E. Caldwell, Marissa Thakur, Kiran T. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Central Nervous System Neuroimmunologic Complications of COVID-19
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767713Autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system following COVID-19 infection include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, autoimmune encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and other less common neuroimmunologic disorders. In general, these disorders are rare and likely represent postinfectious phenomena rather than direct consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself. The impact of COVID-19 infection on patients with preexisting neuroinflammatory disorders depends on both the di...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Holroyd, Kathryn B. Conway, Sarah E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
A Review of Neurological Symptoms in Long COVID and Clinical Management
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767781Long COVID is a clinical diagnosis generally referring to the persistence or development of new symptoms, affecting multiple organ systems after SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 infection. Long COVID is thought to affect ∼20% of people after infection, including all age ranges and severity of infection. Fatigue, postexertional malaise, and respiratory and cardiac symptoms are commonly described. Neurological symptoms such as cognitive changes, sensory disturbances, headaches, and dysautonomia are common as well. The underlying pathophysiology remains unclear but immune dysregulation, autoimmuni...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Navis, Allison Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Historical Perspectives on the Neurologic Manifestations of Viral Pandemics
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767714Neurologic symptoms have been reported in over 30% of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the pathogenesis of these symptoms remains under investigation. Here, we place the neurologic complications of COVID-19 within the context of three historical viral pandemics that have been associated with neurologic diseases: (1) the 1918 influenza pandemic, subsequent spread of encephalitis lethargica, and lessons for the study of COVID-19-related neuroinflammation; (2) the controversial link between the 1976 influenza vaccination campaign and Guillain–Barré ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Holroyd, Kathryn B. Berkowitz, Aaron L. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
What Can We Still Learn from Brain Autopsies in COVID-19?
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767716Neuropathological findings have been published from ∼900 patients who died with or from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, representing less than 0.01% of the close to 6.4 million deaths reported to the World Health Organization 2 years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this review, we extend our prior work summarizing COVID-19 neuropathology by including information on published autopsies up to June 2022, and neuropathological studies in children, COVID-19 variants, secondary brain infections, ex vivo brain imaging, and...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Solomon, Isaac H. Singh, Arjun Folkerth, Rebecca D. Mukerji, Shibani S. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Abhimanyu Mahajan, MD, MHS, and Ludy C. Shih, MD, MMSc, FAAN, FANA
Semin Neurol 2023; 43: 001-001 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1762912 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Greer, David M. Tags: Introduction to the Guest Editors Source Type: research
Neuromuscular Complications of COVID-19: Evidence from the Third Year of the Global Pandemic
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767711Accumulating evidence in the third year of the global pandemic suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause neuromuscular complications during or after the acute phase of infection. Direct viral infection and immune-mediated mechanisms have been hypothesized. Furthermore, in patients with underlying autoimmune neuromuscular diseases, COVID-19 infection may trigger a disease flare. COVID-19 vaccines appear to be safe and effective at preventing severe illness from COVID-19. Certain vaccines are associated with an increased risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome and possibly B...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Suh, Joome Amato, Anthony Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Dystonias: Clinical Recognition and the Role of Additional Diagnostic Testing
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764292Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, characterized by abnormal, frequently twisting postures related to co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles. Diagnosis is challenging. We provide a comprehensive appraisal of the epidemiology and an approach to the phenomenology and classification of dystonia, based on the clinical characteristics and underlying etiology of dystonia syndromes. We discuss the features of common idiopathic and genetic forms of dystonia, diagnostic challenges, and dystonia mimics. Appropriate workup is based on the age of symptom onset, rate o...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Stephen, Christopher D. Dy-Hollins, Marisela Gusmao, Claudio Melo De Qahtani, Xena Al Sharma, Nutan Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764204Patients with neurodegenerative movement disorders can develop cognitive impairment during the disease. Cognitive symptoms have been associated with decreased quality of life, higher caregiver burden, and earlier institutionalization, and are therefore critical for physicians to understand and address. The evaluation of cognitive performance of patients with neurodegenerative movement disorders is important for providing adequate diagnosis, management, prognosis, and support patients and their caregivers. In this review, we discuss the features of the cognitive impairment profile of ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Abdelnour, Carla Poston, Kathleen L. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Diagnostic Uncertainties in Tremor
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1763508The approach and diagnosis of patients with tremor may be challenging for clinicians. According to the most recent consensus statement by the Task Force on Tremor of the International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society, the differentiation between action (i.e., kinetic, postural, intention), resting, and other task- and position-specific tremors is crucial to this goal. In addition, patients with tremor must be carefully examined for other relevant features, including the topography of the tremor, since it can involve different body areas and possibly associate with neurological sig...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Marsili, Luca Bologna, Matteo Mahajan, Abhimanyu Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Global Epidemiology of Movement Disorders: Rare or Underdiagnosed?
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764140In this manuscript, we review the epidemiology of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), atypical parkinsonism, essential tremor, dystonia, functional movement disorders, tic disorders, chorea, and ataxias. We emphasize age-, sex-, and geography-based incidence and prevalence, as well as notable trends including the rising incidence and prevalence of PD. Given the growing global interest in refining clinical diagnostic skills in recognizing movement disorders, we highlight some key epidemiological findings that may be of interest to clinicians and health systems taske...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: O'Shea, Sarah A. Shih, Ludy C. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
