Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
This article provides an overview on conventional modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke and highlights the emerging risk factors and approaches for high-risk group identification and treatment. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Sabayan, Behnam Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Prevention of Neurologic Disease with Fasting
This article discusses various versions of fasting that have been studied as well as the known and theoretical mechanisms of how fasting effects the body and the brain. This article will then review evidence supporting the potential preventive and treatment effects of fasting in specific neurologic disorders including ameliorating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, improving cognition in Alzheimer's disease, reducing migraine frequency and intensity, and reducing seizure frequency in epilepsy. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table o...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Macri, Elizabeth Azhar, Yusra Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Long-Term Effects of Antiseizure Medications
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/a-1958-0802Most patients with epilepsy will benefit from seizure control with one of an array of chronic antiseizure medications. Knowledge of the potential long-term effects of these medications is critical to prevent adverse consequences on overall health. Antiseizure medications vary in their capacities to affect the brain and peripheral nerves, hormones, bone mineralization, cardiovascular risk, renal health, hepatic, hematological, and dermatological systems. Understanding of pathophysiology and population risk has evolved, although most of the data available are still on older generation ant...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: LoPinto-Khoury, Carla Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Preventive Approaches in Women's Neurology: Prepartum, Pregnancy, and Postpartum
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/a-1958-0633Women's neurology is the subspecialty within neurology concerned with the distinct healthcare needs of women. In this article, we review current literature and expert management strategies regarding disease-specific neurologic concerns of women, with an emphasis on issues related to contraception, pregnancy, and lactation. Health conditions that we discuss in this article include epilepsy, headache, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Chiari I malformation. Current findings on neurologic disease in women suggest that many women with neurologic disease can safely manage their disease during ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Kirkpatrick, Laura Waters, Janet O'Neal, Mary Angela Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Refractory Headaches
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 512-522 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757925Medication overuse headache (MOH), new daily persistent headache (NDPH), and persistent refractory headache attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection represent a significant burden in terms of disability and quality of life, and a challenge in terms of definition, pathophysiology, and treatment. Regarding MOH, prevention without withdrawal is not inferior to prevention with withdrawal. Preventive medications like topiramate, onabotulinumtoxinA, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies improve chronic ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Begasse de Dhaem, Olivia Rizzoli, Paul Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Acute Treatment of Headache (Focus on Migraine)
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 494-502 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757926Acute treatments for migraine and cluster headache are necessary to abort attacks, relieve pain and associated symptoms, and restore an individual's ability to function. Acute headache treatments consist of a variety of medication and nonmedication options. In this article, we discuss the approach to acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache. We summarize the level of evidence to support each acute medication class according to recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as guideline recommendations from the American Headache Society, American Academ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Chiang, Chia-Chun Halker Singh, Rashmi B. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Biobehavioral Interventions in Headache Treatment
This article will discuss various behavioral factors that the headache practitioner should consider when making a headache diagnosis and formulating a treatment strategy. Biobehavioral interventions (e.g., relaxation training, electromyographic training, thermal biofeedback, mindfulness, and cognitive–behavior therapy) and their efficacy will be described and reviewed, but neuromodulation and noninvasive devices are outside the scope of this article. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full tex...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Weeks, Randall E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Headache in the Pediatric Population: Focus on Migraine
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 479-488 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757927Pediatric headache is a common condition with significant impact on quality of life and ability to function in academic, social, and extracurricular activities. Most pediatric patients seen in primary care and neurology clinics with headache have primary headache disorders. Diagnosis is largely based on clinical history. Imaging is rarely needed in the absence of red flag features. Careful diagnosis is important to guide appropriate treatment. Treatment focuses on a biopsychosocial model integrating lifestyle, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities....
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Irwin, Samantha L. Greene, Kaitlin A. Pavitt, Sara J. Ross, Alexandra C. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Recent Advances and Updates in Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 474-478 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758043Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are discrete primary headache disorders, characterized by severe unilateral head pain, typically trigeminal distribution, with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms. The conditions within this group are hemicrania continua, cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with autonomic symptoms. Several advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis and evolving treatment options i...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Wei, Diana Y. Goadsby, Peter J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Anatomy and Physiology of Headache
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 459-473 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757924Headache disorders can produce recurrent, incapacitating pain. Migraine and cluster headache are notable for their ability to produce significant disability. The anatomy and physiology of headache disorders is fundamental to evolving treatment approaches and research priorities. Key concepts in headache mechanisms include activation and sensitization of trigeminovascular, brainstem, thalamic, and hypothalamic neurons; modulation of cortical brain regions; and activation of descending pain circuits. This review will examine the relevant anatomy of the trigeminal, bra...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Harriott, Andrea M. Orlova, Yulia Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Epidemiology of Primary Headache Disorders
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 449-458 DOI: 10.1055/a-1942-6823Defining the epidemiology of headache disorders is challenging given the prevalence of stigma and other harmful misconceptions about these diseases. Understanding the widespread impact of these disorders is essential when considering social and policy interventions to mitigate that impact. Tension-type headache is still widely considered the most common primary headache disorder, but population-based estimates of its prevalence vary widely. Migraine remains the most common headache disorder in patients who present for clinical care. Prevalence estimates have remained f...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Kopel, David Gottschalk, Christopher Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Migraine and Posttraumatic Headache: Similarities and Differences in Brain Network Connectivity
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 441-448 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757929Posttraumatic headache (PTH) is the most common symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (also known as concussion). Migraine and PTH have similar phenotypes, and a migraine-like phenotype is common in PTH. The similarities between both headache types are intriguing and challenge a better understanding of the pathophysiological commonalities involved in migraine and PTH due to mTBI. Here, we review the PTH resting-state functional connectivity literature and compare it to migraine to assess overlap and differences in brain network function between both h...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Chong, Catherine D. Nikolova, Jennifer Dumkrieger, Gina M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Classification and Diagnosis of Primary Headache Disorders
This article will provide an overview of the guiding philosophy behind the International Classification of Headache Disorders, a guide to its use in diagnosing primary headache disorders, and a review of important diagnostic features of the primary headaches. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Levin, Morris Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Update on Headache
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 404-405 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757575 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Ward, Thomas N. Green, A. Laine Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Thomas N. Ward, MD, and A. Laine Green, MD
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 403-403 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757574 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Greer, David M. Tags: Introduction to the Guest Editors Source Type: research
