Hidden in Plain Sight: Does Medullary Red Blood Cell Congestion Provide the Explanation for Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury?
Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a sudden reduction in renal function and is a major clinical problem with a high mortality rate. Despite decades of research, there are currently no direct therapies for AKI. The failure of therapeutic approaches identified in rodents to translate to human beings has led to questions regarding the appropriateness of these models. Our recent data indicate that there are two distinct processes driving tubular injury in the commonly used rat model of warm bilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury, which often is used to mimic ischemic AKI. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Sarah C. McLarnon, Chloe Johnson, Priya Giddens, Paul M. O'Connor Source Type: research
Ceramides and Acute Kidney Injury
Altered lipid metabolism is a characteristic feature and potential driving factor of acute kidney injury (AKI). Of the lipids that accumulate in injured renal tissues, ceramides are potent regulators of metabolism and cell fate. Up-regulation of ceramide synthesis is a common feature shared across several AKI etiologies in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ceramide accumulation is an early event in the natural history of AKI that precedes cell death and organ dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that inhibition of ceramide accumulation may improve renal outcomes in several models of AKI. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Rebekah J. Nicholson, William L. Holland, Scott A. Summers Source Type: research
Hyperoxia and Acute Kidney Injury: A Tale of Oxygen and the Kidney
Although oxygen supplementation is beneficial to support life in the clinic, excessive oxygen therapy also has been linked to damage to organs such as the lung or the eye. However, there is a lack of understanding of whether high oxygen therapy directly affects the kidney, leading to acute kidney injury, and what molecular mechanisms may be involved in this process. In this review, we revise our current understanding of the mechanisms by which hyperoxia leads to organ damage and highlight possible areas of investigation for the scientific community interested in novel mechanisms of kidney disease. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Abigayle C. Kraus, Carmen De Miguel Source Type: research
Anesthesia and the renal sympathetic nervous system in perioperative AKI
Approximately 7% of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with general anesthesia develop postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). It is well-known that general anesthesia may have an impact on renal function and water balance regulation, but the mechanisms and potential differences between anesthetics are not yet completely clear.Recently published large animal studies have demonstrated that volatile (gas) anesthesia stimulates the renal sympathetic nervous system more than intravenous propofol anesthesia, resulting in decreased water and sodium excretion and reduced renal perfusion and oxygenation. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Stephanie Franz én, Gerald DiBona, Robert Frithiof Source Type: research
Does Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy Increase the Risk of Kidney Disease?
Kidney health and manifestation of disease in transgender men, women, and nonbinary individuals are not well understood. Transgender individuals commonly receive gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) to align their outward appearance with their gender. Recent attention to the differences in fundamental kidney parameters has identified that transgender individuals may manifest levels of these biomarkers differently than their cisgender counterparts. Improving understanding of the differences in biomarkers and in the development of kidney disease is essential to providing appropriate kidney care to this vulnerable populati...
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Han E. Eckenrode, J. Caroline Carwie, Lisa M. Curtis Source Type: research
Risk Classification and Subphenotyping of Acute Kidney Injury: Concepts and Methodologies
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome with a paucity of therapeutic development. One aspect that could explain the lack of implementation science in the AKI field is the vast heterogeneity of the AKI syndrome, which hinders precise therapeutic applications for specific AKI subpopulations. In this context, there is a consensual focus of the scientific community toward the development and validation of tools to better subphenotype AKI and therefore facilitate precision medicine approaches. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Javier A. Neyra, Jin Chen, Sean M. Bagshaw, Jay L. Koyner Source Type: research
Identifying Common Molecular Mechanisms in Experimental and Human Acute Kidney Injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a highly prevalent, heterogeneous syndrome, associated with increased short- and long-term mortality. A multitude of different factors cause AKI including ischemia, sepsis, nephrotoxic drugs, and urinary tract obstruction. Upon injury, the kidney initiates an intrinsic repair program that can result in adaptive repair with regeneration of damaged nephrons and functional recovery of epithelial activity, or maladaptive repair and persistence of damaged epithelial cells with a characteristic proinflammatory, profibrotic molecular signature. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Louisa M.S. Gerhardt, Andrew P. McMahon Source Type: research
The Significance of NAD+ Biosynthesis Alterations in Acute Kidney Injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious and highly prevalent disease, yet only supportive treatment is available. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cofactor necessary for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and cell survival. Changes in renal NAD+ biosynthesis and energy utilization are features of AKI. Targeting NAD+ as an AKI therapy shows promising potential. However, the pursuit of NAD+-based treatments requires deeper understanding of the unique drivers and effects of the NAD+ biosynthesis derangements that arise in AKI. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Amanda J. Clark, Marie Christelle Saade, Samir M. Parikh Source Type: research
Ethics and Theoretical Issues in Kidney Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation has seen recent global interest peak as a result of several clinical xenotransplants being performed in decedents and a live cardiac recipient. However, underpinning these latest transplants have been decades of invested scientific research programs that have been developing the ideal donor source animals to avoid the overwhelming hyperacute xenograft rejection seen using nongenetically modified animal organs, tissues, and cells. However, this also needs to be undertaken along with the development of safe and efficacious xenotransplantation technologies, immunosuppression, monitoring, disease screening,...
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Wayne John Hawthorne, Adwin Thomas, Richard N. Pierson Source Type: research
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Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
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Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - January 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Masthead
(Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
