Infections and Acute Kidney Injury: A Global Perspective
This article provides a global overview of different infections that are associated commonly with AKI, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, tick-borne illnesses, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - December 28, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Anthony Batte, Lubaba Shahrin, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Valerie A. Luyckx, Andrea L. Conroy Source Type: research

Introduction: ISN Frontiers Meeting on “Infections and the Kidney”
The International Society of Nephrology Frontiers Meeting on Infections and the Kidney, focusing on the bidirectional relationship between infections and kidney diseases, was held in New Delhi, India, on September 22 to 25, 2022, as a hybrid meeting. The meeting reflected the realization that infections can cause acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease through various mechanisms. In addition, patients with kidney diseases, especially those on dialysis and kidney transplant recipients, have a greatly heightened propensity to develop infections that adversely affect their long-term outcomes. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - December 18, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Saraladevi Naicker, Chih-Wei Yang, Vivekanand Jha Source Type: research

Understanding Similarities and Differences in CKD and Dialysis Care in Children and Adults
In lower-income settings there is often a dearth of resources and nephrologists, especially pediatric nephrologists, and individual physicians often find themselves caring for patients with chronic kidney diseases and end-stage kidney failure across the age spectrum. The management of such patients in high-income settings is relatively protocolized and permits high-volume services to run efficiently. The basic principles of managing chronic kidney disease and providing dialysis are similar for adults and children, however, given the differences in body size, causes of kidney failure, nutrition, and growth between children ...
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 27, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Guillaume Mahamat Abderraman, Abdou Niang, Tahagod Mohamed, John D. Mahan, Valerie A. Luyckx Source Type: research

Cystic Kidney Diseases in Children and Adults: Differences and Gaps in Clinical Management
Cystic kidney diseases, when broadly defined, have a wide differential diagnosis extending from recessive diseases with a prenatal or pediatric diagnosis, to the most common autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease primarily affecting adults, and several other genetic or acquired etiologies that can manifest with kidney cysts. The most likely diagnoses to consider when assessing a patient with cystic kidney disease differ depending on family history, age stratum, radiologic characteristics, and extrarenal features. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 22, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Christian Hanna, Ioan-Andrei Iliuta, Whitney Besse, Djalila Mekahli, Fouad T. Chebib Source Type: research

Nutrition Management for Chronic Kidney Disease: Differences and Special Needs for Children and Adults
Common goals of nutritional therapy across the spectrum of pediatric and adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) include maintaining normal body mass and composition and reducing associated morbidity and mortality. Adult nephrologists caring for children and adolescents may be challenged by the existing complexities in identifying and interpreting the nutritional status and growth in children. Pediatric nephrologists may face situations that call for a sound knowledge of assessing nutritional status and providing nutrition therapy for adolescents and young adults. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 17, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Robert H. Mak, Arpana Iyengar, Angela Yee-Moon Wang Source Type: research

Tubular Diseases and Stones Seen From Pediatric and Adult Nephrology Perspectives
The tubular system of the kidneys is a complex series of morphologic and functional units orchestrating the content of tubular fluid as it flows along the nephron and collecting ducts. Renal tubules maintain body water, regulate electrolytes and acid –base balance, reabsorb precious organic solutes, and eliminate specific metabolites, toxins, and drugs. In addition, decisive mechanisms to adjust blood pressure are governed by the renal tubules. Genetic as well as acquired disorders of these tubular functions may cause serious diseases that man ifest both in childhood and adulthood. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 13, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Johannes M ünch, Paul R. Goodyer, Carsten A. Wagner Source Type: research

Acute Kidney Injury: Gaps and Opportunities for Knowledge and Growth
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in hospitalized patients, regardless of age or prior medical history. Increasing awareness of the epidemiologic problem of AKI has directly led to increased study of global recognition, diagnostic tools, both reactive and proactive management, and analysis of long-term sequelae. Many gaps remain, however, and in this article we highlight opportunities to add significantly to the increasing bodies of evidence surrounding AKI. Practical considerations related to initiation, prescription, anticoagulation, and monitoring are discussed. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 13, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Javier A. Neyra, Rajit K. Basu Source Type: research

Introduction: A Multi-Pronged Approach to CKD Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
It is estimated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 1 in 10 of the US population or approximately 33 million individuals.1,2 Between 20% and 40% of patients with T2DM develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other microvascular complications.3 Slowing the progression of CKD associated with type 2 diabetes (CKDiT2D) is multipronged and includes both lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic interventions. Lifestyle modifications include diet, exercise, weight loss and maintenance, and cessation of smoking. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 10, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Ajay K. Singh, Rajiv Agarwal Source Type: research

HUS and TTP: traversing the disease and the age spectrum
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) are rare diseases sharing a common pathological feature, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). TMA is characterized by microvascular thrombosis with consequent thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and/or multiorgan dysfunction. In the past, the distinction between HUS and TTP was predominantly based on clinical grounds. However, clinical presentation of the two syndromes often overlaps and, the differential diagnosis is broad. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 9, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Roberta Donadelli, Aditi Sinha, Arvind Bagga, Marina Noris, Giuseppe Remuzzi Source Type: research

Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension: A Comprehensive and Combined Pediatric and Adult Perspective
The global prevalence of primary hypertension has been increasing both in children and in the adolescent and adult populations and can be attributed to changes in lifestyle factors with an obesity epidemic, increased salt consumption, and sedentary lifestyles. Childhood blood pressure is the strongest predictor of adult hypertension. Although hypertension in adults is associated strongly with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and mortality, outcomes in children are defined less clearly. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 9, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Sabine Karam, Debbie L. Cohen, Pauline Abou Jaoude, Janis Dionne, FangChao Linda Ding, Anika Garg, Elliot Koranteng Tannor, Rahul Chanchlani Source Type: research

Glomerular Diseases Across Lifespan: Key Differences in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches
Glomerular diseases are common causes of chronic kidney disease in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The epidemiology of glomerular diseases differs between different age groups, with minimal change disease being the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in childhood, while membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are more common in adulthood. IgA vasculitis is also more common in childhood. Moreover, there is a difference in disease severity with more children presenting with a relapsing form of nephrotic syndrome and a more acute presentation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody –associated va...
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 8, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Martin Windpessl, Balazs Odler, Ingeborg M. Bajema, Duvuru Geetha, Marcus S äemann, Jiwon M. Lee, Augusto Vaglio, Andreas Kronbichler Source Type: research

Children Are Not Small Adults: Similarities and Differences in Renal Transplantation Between Adults and Pediatrics
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for all patients with end-stage kidney disease, including pediatric patients. Graft survival in pediatrics was lagging behind adults, but now is comparable with the adult cohort. Although many of the protocols have been adopted from adults, there are issues unique to pediatrics that one should be aware of to take care of this population. These issues include recipient size consideration, increased incidence of viral infections, problems related to growth, common occurrence of underlying urological issues, and psychosocial issues. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - November 8, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Dechu Puliyanda, Zibya Barday, Zunaid Barday, Andrew Freedman, Tsuyoshi Todo, Allen Kuang Chung Chen, Bianca Davidson Source Type: research

Role of Cell-Based Therapies in T2D
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has become a global epidemic affecting the health of millions of people. T2D is a complex and multifactorial metabolic disease, largely characterized by a combination of impaired insulin secretion from β cells residing within the islets of the pancreas and peripheral insulin resistance. In this article, we discuss the current state and risk factors for T2D, conventional treatment options, and upcoming strategies, including progress in the areas of allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation, with a major focus on stem cell–derived β cells and associated technologies. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - October 31, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Sudipta Ashe, Matthias Hebrok Source Type: research

Introduction: Learning From Each Other: Pediatric and Adult Perspectives to Optimize Kidney Care Across the Life Span
Kidney disease can occur at any age. Kidney care should not occur in silos. In higher-resource settings around the world, pediatric nephrologists and adult nephrologists often are trained separately and have little opportunity to exchange knowledge and ideas, especially at the bedside. In many low-resource settings, pediatricians have greater opportunities for training in adult nephrology, which limits specialization in pediatric nephrology. In many settings, interactions between pediatric and adult nephrologists are limited to the stressful transition period from pediatric to adult care —a time when adolescents are face...
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - October 31, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Arpana Iyengar, Valerie A. Luyckx Source Type: research

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Continuum of Care
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading cause of kidney failure in children and adolescents. CAKUT describes a wide spectrum of structural disorders with a prenatal origin. The etiology of CAKUT is multifactorial, including environmental, nongenetic, and genetic causes that impact kidney development as well as upper and lower urinary tract development. Adult nephrologists who treat patients with CAKUT may be challenged by the underlying diseases they are not familiar with and the accumulation of chronic kidney disease complications in childhood. (Source: Seminars in Nephrology)
Source: Seminars in Nephrology - October 28, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: B ärbel Lange-Sperandio, Hans-Joachim Anders, Maximilian Stehr, Robert L. Chevalier, Richard Klaus Source Type: research