Effect of fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation on corollary discharge in schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled mediation analysis study
Deficient corollary discharge (CD) has been linked to agency related anomalies in schizophrenia (SCZ) (Poletti et al., 2017), especially with pathophysiology of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) (Heinks-Maldonado et al., 2007). Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive, safe neuromodulation technique, is a re-emerging intervention (Brunoni et al., 2012) with promising potential to treat schizophrenia (Mondino et al., 2015a). In an open label study, we reported add-on tDCS to ameliorate CD deficit in SCZ patients with persistent AVH (Nawani et al., 2014). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - August 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anushree Bose, Hema Nawani, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Venkataram Shivakumar, Sunil V. Kalmady, Sonia Shenoy, Vanteemar S. Sreeraj, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Devvarta Kumar, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Is “praecox feeling” a phenomenological fossil? A preliminary study on diagnostic decision making in schizophrenia
The “criteriological revolution” has profoundly modified the practice and teaching of psychiatric nosology. DSM-III was based upon third-person data which aimed to be context- and observer-independent. The origin of this epistemological shift lie in the late 1970's reliability concerns about diagnos is in disorders such as schizophrenia (Aboraya, 2007; Robins and Guze, 1970; Sartorius et al., 1972). However, by focusing on reliability only, contemporary nosologies may have neglected the issue of validity (Parnas et al., 2013). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tudi Goz é, Marcin Moskalewicz, Michael A. Schwartz, Jean Naudin, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi, Michel Cermolacce Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Implications of an admixed Brazilian population in schizophrenia polygenic risk score
The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) has implemented a tool, called Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), which compiles data from hundreds to millions of common variants into a single measure, making it a valuable instrument to investigate the genetic risk of complex diseases, like schizophrenia (SCZ) (Dudbridge, 2013; Purcell et al., 2009). To calculate the SCZ-PRS, a reference sample must be defined, but most subjects in currently available samples are Caucasian, and doubts remain about the reliability and efficiency of SCZ-PRS in admixed samples (Birnbaum and Weinberger, 2017; Vassos et al., 2017). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fernanda Talarico, Marcos Santoro, Vanessa K. Ota, Ary Gadelha, Renata Pellegrino, Hakon Hakonarson, Rodrigo Bressan, Jair J. Mari, Sintia Belangero Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Identification of a miRNAs signature associated with exposure to stress early in life and enhanced vulnerability for schizophrenia: New insights for the key role of miR-125b-1-3p in neurodevelopmental processes
In this study, we conducted a miRNOme analysis in different samples (blood of adult subjects exposed to childhood trauma, brain (hippocampus) of rats exposed to prenatal stress and human hippocampal progenitor cells treated with cortisol) and we identified miR-125b-1-3p as a down-regulated miRNA in all the three datasets. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nadia Cattane, Cristina Mora, Nicola Lopizzo, Alessandra Borsini, Carlo Maj, Laura Pedrini, Roberta Rossi, Marco Andrea Riva, Carmine Maria Pariante, Annamaria Cattaneo Source Type: research
Incidence of psychotic disorders and its association with methodological issues. A systematic review and meta-analyses
In the last few years, several systematic reviews on the epidemiology of schizophrenia and related disorders (SRD) have been carried out, all of them finding great variability of the incidence rates among studies (McGrath et al., 2004; Saha et al., 2005a, 2005b; Kirkbride et al., 2012; Moreno-K üstner et al., 2018), and that is, when we perform a systematic review on a question, we cannot forget the methodology diversity that it comes with each study included in it, which may differ in the design and how it was conducted, participants, interventions, exposures or results (Higgins and Thom pson, 2002). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: M.C. Castillejos, C. Mart ín-Pérez, B. Moreno-Küstner Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Client predictors of the therapeutic alliance in individual resiliency training for first episode psychosis
Individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP) are often reluctant to seek treatment, and are difficult to engage and retain in mental health services. The therapeutic alliance (TA), or the affective and collaborative bond between therapist and client, is predictive of better treatment outcomes for clients with FEP; thus, it is important to understand the predictors of the TA in order to determine how best to foster a positive alliance with these individuals. The primary aim of the present study was to examine whether baseline client characteristics, including severity of symptoms, social functioning, and ...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Julia Browne, Emily Bass, Kim T. Mueser, Piper Meyer-Kalos, Jennifer D. Gottlieb, Sue E. Estroff, David L. Penn Source Type: research
Neural correlates of reality filtering in schizophrenia spectrum disorder
A false sense of reality is a characteristic of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Reality confusion may also emanate from posterior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) lesions, as evident in confabulations that patients act upon and disorientation. This confusion can be measured by repeated runs of a continuous recognition task (CRT): patients increase their false positive rate from the second run on, failing to realize that an item is not a repetition within the current run. Correct handling of these stimuli, a faculty called orbitofrontal reality filtering (ORFi), induces a distinct frontal potential at 200 –300 ms, the...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rapha ël Thézé, Aurélie L. Manuel, Elena Pedrazzini, Fabrice Chantraine, Maria Cristina Patru, Louis Nahum, Adrian G. Guggisberg, Armin Schnider Source Type: research
Targeted cognitive training improves auditory and verbal outcomes among treatment refractory schizophrenia patients mandated to residential care
This study aimed to determine whether TCT improves auditory processing, verbal learning, and clinical symptoms in SZ patients mandated to receive care at a locked residential rehabilitation center. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael L. Thomas, Andrew W. Bismark, Yash B. Joshi, Melissa Tarasenko, Emily B.H. Treichler, William C. Hochberger, Wen Zhang, John Nungaray, Joyce Sprock, Lauren Cardoso, Kristine Tiernan, Mouna Attarha, David L. Braff, Sophia Vinogradov, Neal Swerdlow, Source Type: research
Clinical significance of auditory hallucinations in youth: Comparison between a general population and a help-seeking sample
During childhood and adolescence, AVH are mostly transient, pointing towards a possible benign or developmental nature. However, in some children and adolescents, AVH can lead to substantial suffering, are associated with significant behavioral problems, and may last for a longer period, even into adulthood (Bartels-Velthuis et al., 2010; Bartels-Velthuis et al., 2011; Bartels-Velthuis et al., 2016). When children and adolescents actually seek help for AVH, they represent a group with a high level of suffering, a reduced level of functioning and severe and/or comorbid psychopathology. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kim Maijer, Laura A. Steenhuis, Rosa Lotgering, Saskia J.M.C. Palmen, Iris E.C. Sommer, Agna A. Bartels-Velthuis Source Type: research
Changes in physical and psychiatric health after a multidisciplinary lifestyle enhancing treatment for inpatients with severe mental illness: The MULTI study I
Patients hospitalized with severe mental illness (SMI) often have an unhealthy lifestyle. Changing their sedentary behavior and deficiency in physical activity is challenging and effective interventions are lacking. We evaluated changes in sedentary behavior, physical activity, metabolic health and psychotic symptoms after 18 months of Multidisciplinary Lifestyle enhancing Treatment for Inpatients with SMI (MULTI) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) and explored mediation by change in total activity. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jeroen Deenik, Diederik E. Tenback, Erwin C.P.M. Tak, Femke Rutters, Ingrid J.M. Hendriksen, Peter N. van Harten Source Type: research
Is there a symptomatic distinction between the affective psychoses and schizophrenia? A machine learning approach
Dubiety exists over whether clinical symptoms of schizophrenia can be distinguished from affective psychosis, the assumption being that absence of a “point of rarity” indicates lack of nosological distinction, based on prior group-level analyses. Advanced machine learning techniques, using unsupervised (hierarchical clustering) and supervised (regularized logistic regression algorithm and nested-cross-validation) were applied to a dataset of 202 patients with functional psychosis (schizophrenia n = 120, affective psychosis, n = 82). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: S. Jauhar, R. Krishnadas, M.M. Nour, D. Cunningham-Owens, E.C. Johnstone, S.M. Lawrie Source Type: research
Altered gyrification in schizophrenia and its relation to other morphometric markers
Schizophrenia is modelled as a neurodevelopmental disease with high heritability. However, established markers like cortical thickness and grey matter volume are heavily influenced by post-onset changes and thus provide limited possibility of accessing early pathologies. Gyrification on the other side is assumed to be more specifically determined by genetic and early developmental factors. Here, we compare T1 weighted 3 Tesla MRI scans of 51 schizophrenia patients and 102 healthy controls (matched for age and gender) using a unified processing pipeline with the CAT12 toolbox. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Robert Spalthoff, Christian Gaser, Igor Nenadi ć Source Type: research
Post-hoc analysis of two clinical trials examining Customized Adherence Enhancement plus long acting injectable antipsychotic (CAE-L) in high-risk individuals with serious mental illness
Long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) medications are a practical option for promoting treatment adherence in high risk individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) (Alphs et al., 2015, 2014; West et al., 2008). Treatment of these individuals may be optimized when LAI is combined with a quality psychosocial intervention to modify a patient's long-term attitudes and behaviors (Velligan et al., 2008). Customized Adherence Enhancement (CAE) is a manualized behavioral intervention targeting adherence specific barriers to improve medication adherence by Sajatovic et al. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christine M. Collins, Michelle E. Aebi, Jennifer B. Levin, Curtis Tatsuoka, Kristin A. Cassidy, Martha Sajatovic Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Spatial externalization of inner verbal thoughts in auditory verbal hallucinations, an fMRI study
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), the perception of speech without corresponding external stimuli, are often described as the “voices” of others coming from outside the head. Evidence suggests that AVH results from disorders of inner speech generation (thinking in words) (Stephane et al., 2001) whereby the inner voice associated with verbal thoughts are experienced as that of other (agency externalization) coming from outside the head (spatial externalization). Consistently, cognitive experiments have demonstrated impairment of Self/Other (S/O) distinction of speech agency (Stephane et al., 2010b) as well as impair...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Massoud Stephane, Philip Burton, Dustin Meriwether, Gihyun Yoon Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Combining training leads to better results: Implications for clinical delivery of computerized cognitive and social cognitive training
Social cognition and neurocognition are both important predictors of everyday functioning, in healthy people and in people with severe mental illness. As a result, training efforts aimed at both of these domains have been developed, with the results of meta-analyses (Wykes et al., 2011) suggesting that these interventions are successful for improving performance on the targeted cognitive and social cognitive domains. Further, there is considerable evidence that the combination of functional skills training and neurocognitive training (NCT) leads to functional gains as well (Bowie et al., 2012). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - July 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Philip D. Harvey Source Type: research
