Reduced higher-dimensional resting state fMRI dynamism in clinical high-risk individuals for schizophrenia identified by meta-state analysis
New techniques to investigate functional network connectivity in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data have recently emerged. One novel approach, called meta-state analysis, goes beyond the mere cross-correlation of time courses of distinct brain areas and explores temporal dynamism in more detail, allowing for connectivity states to overlap in time and capturing global dynamic behavior. Previous studies have shown that patients with chronic schizophrenia exhibit reduced neural dynamism compared to healthy controls, but it is not known whether these alterations extend to earlier phases of the illness. (S...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eva Mennigen, Robyn L. Miller, Barnaly Rashid, Susanna L. Fryer, Rachel L. Loewy, Barbara K. Stuart, Daniel H. Mathalon, Vince D. Calhoun Source Type: research
Disorganization and real-world functioning in schizophrenia: Results from the multicenter study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses
A general consensus has not yet been reached regarding the role of disorganization symptoms in real-world functioning in schizophrenia. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: P. Rocca, S. Galderisi, A. Rossi, A. Bertolino, P. Rucci, D. Gibertoni, C. Montemagni, S. Bellino, E. Aguglia, M. Amore, A. Bellomo, M. Biondi, B. Carpiniello, A. Cuomo, E. D'Ambrosio, L. dell'Osso, P. Girardi, C. Marchesi, P. Monteleone, C. Montemitro, L Source Type: research
Antipsychotic adherence and emergency department utilization among patients with schizophrenia
This retrospective cohort study evaluated the relationship between antipsychotic medication adherence and emergency department (ED) utilization for 7851 Medicaid patients with schizophrenia enrolled in Community Care of North Carolina (CCNC). Claims and pharmacy data from January to December 2015 were collected. Medication adherence was approximated using the medication possession ratio (MPR). Negative binomial regressions estimated the effect of antipsychotic adherence on rates of medical and psychiatric ED visits. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Morgan Hardy, Carlos Jackson, Jennie Byrne Source Type: research
Lithium levels in tap water and psychotic experiences in a general population of adolescents
Recently, several epidemiologic studies have reported that lithium in drinking water may be associated with lower rates of suicide mortality, lower incidence of dementia, and lower levels of adolescents' depression and aggression at the population level. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated lithium level in tap water in relation to psychotic experiences in a general population of adolescents. This is the first study to investigate this using a large dataset. Information on psychotic experiences, distress associated with these experiences, and depressive symptoms were collected in 24 public junior high schoo...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shinji Shimodera, Shinsuke Koike, Shuntaro Ando, Syudo Yamasaki, Ryosuke Fujito, Kaori Endo, Yudai Iijima, Yu Yamamoto, Masaya Morita, Ken Sawada, Nobuki Ohara, Yuji Okazaki, Atsushi Nishida Source Type: research
White matter abnormalities of the tapetum and their associations with duration of untreated psychosis and symptom severity in first-episode psychosis
In patients with schizophrenia, white matter (WM) abnormalities have been demonstrated across widespread brain regions, including the corpus callosum (Samartzis et al., 2014). The tapetum is a part of the splenium of the corpus callosum that provides anatomical trajectories connecting temporal lobes (Abe et al., 2004). Although the role of the tapetum in schizophrenia remains unknown, some neuroimaging studies showed alterations of WM integrity in the tapetum in patients with schizophrenia (Ellison-Wright et al., 2014) and bipolar psychosis (Lu et al., 2011). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sun Woo Lee, Arira Lee, Tai Kiu Choi, Borah Kim, Kang-Soo Lee, Minji Bang, Sang-Hyuk Lee Source Type: research
Impact of severe mental illness on cancer stage at diagnosis and subsequent mortality: A population-based register study
Excess mortality in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) is often explained by physical comorbidity and suboptimal healthcare. Cancer is a prevalent cause of death, and tumour stage at diagnosis is a strong predictor of mortality. We aimed to study cancer incidence, disease stage at diagnosis and subsequent mortality in individuals with SMI compared to individuals without SMI. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: A. Toender, T. Munk-Olsen, M. Vestergaard, J.T. Larsen, N.P. Suppli, S.O. Dalton, P. Vedsted, M. Nordentoft, P.B. Mortensen, T.M. Laursen Source Type: research
Is there rebound psychosis on withdrawal of antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia?
It is well established that dopamine antagonist medications, antipsychotics, have an important role in the prevention of relapse in schizophrenia and other psychoses (Buchanan et al., 2010; Hasan et al., 2013). Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials indicates continuation of medication is associated with fewer relapses over the next year than discontinuation (Leucht et al., 2012). However, there remains vigorous ongoing debate around longer-term risks and benefits (Correll et al., 2018), and whether adaptive changes such as dopamine supersensitivity may lead to rebound psychosis on medication withdrawal, which could...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Matthew J. Taylor, Seb Yim Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research
The role of coping in the association between subclinical psychotic experiences and functioning: A within study replication in two independent adolescent samples
An inverse association between psychosocial functioning and psychotic experiences is now established in both clinical and non-clinical populations, however the mechanisms which drive this are unclear. Adolescents with subclinical psychotic experiences (SPE) are more likely to use maladaptive coping strategies and less likely to use adaptive ones, and maladaptive coping has also been associated with poor functioning. A within study replication in two adolescent samples from the general populations of Melbourne, Australia (n = 723) and Birmingham, United Kingdom (n = 239), was conducted to determine whether the asso...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Katharine E. Chisholm, Johanna T.W. Wigman, Danielle Hallett, Tamara Woodall, Simone Mahfouda, Renate L.E.P. Reniers, Eoin Killackey, Alison R. Yung, Stephen J. Wood, Ashleigh Lin Source Type: research
Aggressive urges in schizotypy: Preliminary data from an ambulatory study
In a recent issue of Schizophrenia Research, Rund (in press) delineates the inconsistent findings among common factors (e.g., substance use, poor insight, impulsivity) typically associated with aggressive behaviors such as violence in schizophrenia. With increasing emphasis on implementing preventative public policy coupled with public perceptions linking violence to the schizophrenia-spectrum (Gwarjanski and Parrott, 2017), it is important to understand links between aggression and schizotypy, the personality traits reflecting an underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Thanh P. Le, Brita Elvev åg, Peter W. Foltz, Terje B. Holmlund, Elana K. Schwartz, Tovah Cowan, Alex S. Cohen Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Insight and cortisol responses in women with first episode psychosis
The concept of insight and its relationship to mental disorders is most frequently understood as a conscious recognition of one's own mental state or the degree of personal awareness or self-understanding (Lysaker et al., 2013). In recent research, insight is most frequently studied in schizophrenia patients and disturbances of self-awareness and conscious experience might have a critical role in pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Bob et al., 2016). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tereza Petraskova Touskova, Petr Bob, Ondrej Pec, Aaron Mishara, Zdislava Vanickova, Jiri Raboch, Paul Lysaker Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research
Modeling neuromotor pathology in schizophrenia: A window to brain mechanisms and clinical insight into the syndrome
The neurobiological etiopathology of schizophrenia and related psychoses has endured as the main paradigm despite the evolution of their core clinical features over the past century. Schizophrenia is conceptualized as a syndrome characterized by positive, negative, cognitive and affective domains, while several other pathological domains are generally neglected. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: V. Peralta, M.J. Cuesta Source Type: research
Six months' course and outcome of metabolic abnormalities in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia in rural India
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a frequently encountered serious adverse outcome in the treatment of schizophrenia (De Hert et al., 2008). A meta-analysis of worldwide studies estimated the overall prevalence of MetS as 33.4% (Vancampfort et al., 2015). We noted a similar pooled prevalence of 33.05% from hospital-based studies in India, but a much lower estimate of 10.81% in the studies done in rural communities (Ganesh et al., 2016). We recently reported that prevalence of MetS in schizophrenia in a rural community was comparable to that of general population (Rawat et al). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Somashekar Bijjal, Suhas Ganesh, Vikram Singh Rawat, Vikas Agarwal, K. Shanivaram Reddy, N.R. Renuka Devi, Chennaveerachari Naveen Kumar, Rita Christopher, Jagadisha Thirthalli Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
An experience sampling study on the nature of the interaction between traumatic experiences, negative affect in everyday life, and threat beliefs
Research suggests that trauma is associated with the development of psychotic experiences, such as paranoia, via affective processes. However, the empirical evidence on the exact mechanism is limited and it is unclear which aspects of trauma are relevant. Here we tested whether self-reported frequency of trauma, recurring trauma, age, and type of trauma are predictive of later threat beliefs in daily life and which role affective processes (self-reported negative affect and autonomic arousal) play in this association. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Katarina Krkovic, Bj örn Schlier, Tania Lincoln Source Type: research
The relationship between components of metabolic syndrome and disease onset in patients with schizophrenia
The increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and some of its components among patients with schizophrenia may be related to a shared genetic liability (Malan-M üller et al., 2016). Metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia may therefore be associated with the more severe forms of illness and an earlier onset (Saari et al., 2004). Only one study has previously investigated possible associations between schizophrenia onset and plasma triglyceride concentrati on (Saari et al., 2004), and there are no reports comparing variations in other components of metabolic syndrome and disease onset. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sergej Nadalin, Jelena Rebi ć, Klementina Ružić, Alena Buretić-Tomljanović Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Psychotic experiences and religiosity: Findings from the collaborative psychiatric epidemiological surveys
A substantial body of literature has shown that religiosity is associated with better mental health, including higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction, as well as lower likelihood of major depression (see Schieman et al., 2013). However, Baetz et al. (2006) analyzed the Canadian Community Health Survey, and found that while religious attendance was associated with lower odds of endorsing a psychiatric disorder, the act of regarding spiritual values as important (to help find meaning in life, for strength in dealing with everyday difficulties, to help understand life's difficulties) was associated with higher odds ...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hans Oh, Kyle Waldman, Ai Koyanagi Source Type: research
