General science ‐technology orientation, specific benefit–risk assessment frame, and public acceptance of gene drive biotechnology
In this study, we use gene drive biotechnology in agricultural pest management as an example and theoretically propose that given low levels of knowledge and awareness, citizens ’ acceptance of, or opposition to, gene drive is significantly shaped by two predisposition factors: individuals’ general orientation toward science and technology, and their specific benefit-risk assessment frame. Empirically, we employ data collected from a recent US nationally representative public opinion survey (N = 1220) and conduct statistical analyses to test the hypotheses derived from our theoretical expectations. Our statistical an...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Xinsheng Liu,
Carol L. Goldsmith,
Ki Eun Kang,
Arnold Vedlitz,
Zach N. Adelman,
Leah W. Buchman,
Elizabeth Heitman,
Raul F. Medina Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Risk assessment for conventional diesel exhaust (before 1990) and lung cancer in a cohort of miners
AbstractDiesel exhaust in the latter half of the 20th century has been found to be a lung carcinogen. Conventional diesel emissions continue in the transportation, mining, construction, and farming industries. From the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study, a public-use dataset was used to calculate the excess lifetime risk of lung cancer associated with diesel exposure (1947 –1997). Excess rates of lung cancer mortality associated with respirable elemental carbon (REC) and possible other mining exposures (e.g., oil mists, explosives emissions) were investigated using Poisson regression methods. Lung cancer mortality declined w...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 25, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Robert M Park Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Individual characteristics associated with perceptions of control over mortality risk and determinants of health effort
AbstractPeople who believe they have greater control over health and longevity are typically more likely to invest in their long-term health. Investigating individual differences in perceived control over risk and exploring different determinants of health effort may help to tailor health promotion programs to more effectively encourage healthy behaviors. From a sample of 1500 adults, we measured perceived control over 20 causes of death, overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR), state-level optimism, self-reported health effort, and the accuracy of estimations of avoidable deaths. We found individual differe...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Richard Brown,
Elizabeth Sillence,
Gillian Pepper Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal multi ‐graph convolutional network‐based provincial‐day‐level terrorism risk prediction
This study proposed a novel spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (STGCN)-based extension method to capture the complex and multidimensional non-Euclidean relationships between different provinces and forecast the daily risks. Specifically, three graph structures were constructed to represent the contagious process between provinces: the distance graph, the province-level root cause similarity graph, and the self-excited graph. The long short-term memory and self-attention layers were extended to STGCN for capturing context-dependent temporal characters. At the same time, the one-dimensional convolutional neural netwo...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Lanjun Luo,
Boxiao Li,
Chao Qi Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Resilience patterns of urban road networks under the worst ‐case localized disruptions
AbstractRecent events, including COVID-19, extreme floods, and explosion accidents, commonly induced localized closures and disruptions of urban road networks (URNs), resulting in significant impacts on human mobility and socio-economic activities. Existing studies on URN resilience to those events mainly took few cases for empirical studies, limiting our understanding on the URN resilience patterns across different cities. By conducting a large-scale nationwide resilience analysis of URNs in 363 cities in mainland China, this study attempts to uncover the resilience patterns of URNs against the worst-case single (SLDs) an...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 19, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Chongyang Du,
Min Ouyang,
Hui Zhang,
Bo Wang,
Naiyu Wang Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Risk coupling analysis under accident scenario evolution: A methodological construct and application
AbstractDynamic processes in various fields exhibit risk coupling phenomena, but existing risk analysis studies tend to ignore the risk coupling effects of dynamic scenarios. Considering the principles of digitization, objective quantification, and the full process that should be adopted in the risk coupling analysis, an integrated risk coupling analysis framework is proposed. Specifically, the weighted Eclat algorithm is used to mine the risk association rules, then the key risk factors are extracted by social network analysis, and the stochastic Petri net is used to complete the construction, simulation, and evolution of...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 18, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Jianting Yao,
Boling Zhang,
Dongdong Wang,
Dachen Lei,
Ruipeng Tong Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Revealing the energy paradox: Assessing the asymmetric impact of pandemic uncertainty on consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy
AbstractUncertainties have grown around the world during the last few decades. Pandemic uncertainty has a substantial impact on economic activities, which may have a big influence on energy consumption. The goal of this investigation is to appraise the asymmetric influence of pandemic uncertainty on nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption in the top 10 energy consumer economies of the European Union (Germany, Poland, Spain, Netherlands, France, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Czech Republic, and Finland). Previously, panel data approaches were utilized to obtain reliable outcomes on the pandemic-energy consumption nexus, reg...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 12, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tsung ‐Xian Lin,
Tsung‐Te Lin,
Sajid Ali,
Raima Nazar,
Muhammad Khalid Anser Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cross ‐contamination in the kitchen: A model for quantitative microbiological risk assessment
AbstractA quantitative microbiological risk assessment model for the cross-contamination transmission route in the kitchen (KCC) is presented. Bacteria are transmitted from contaminated (chicken) meat to hands, kitchen utensils, and other surfaces, subsequently contaminating a salad. The model aims to estimate the fraction of bacteria on the meat that is ingested due to cross-contamination, determine the importance of the different transmission routes, and assess the effect of scenarios (interventions) on the fraction ingested. The cross-contamination routes defined, bacterial source-to-recipient transfer fractions as avai...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 9, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Maria Francesca Iulietto,
Eric G. Evers Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Interdependent security games in a unidirectional network
AbstractWe consider directed tree networks with a single source, where there exists a positive probability of a disruptive event at any node. Such networks model security considerations in pipelines as well as in unidirectional digital networks. If a disruptive event occurs at a certain node, that node and its downstream nodes incur economic losses. Users thus have an incentive to invest in upstream locations as well as their own sites to reduce the probability of a disruptive event. The initial model we develop to reduce the expected investment plus disruption costs is a multiplicative model for which closed-form solution...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 9, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Edward C. Rosenthal,
Christian Trudeau Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Asymmetric nexus between pandemic uncertainty and public health spendings: Evidence from quantile estimation
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, prompting governments to allocate substantial resources toward public health spendings (PHS). However, the uncertainties surrounding the pandemic have raised questions about the effectiveness and sustainability of such expenditures. This research analyzes the nonlinear link between pandemic uncertainty (PNU) and PHS in countries with highest PNU (USA, India, France, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Indonesia, Japan, and China). Previous studies have employed panel data methodologies to establish consistent findings rega...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 7, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Chenmei Teng,
Xiaoya Zhu,
Raima Nazar,
Tahira Kanwal Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Rent affordability after hurricanes: Longitudinal evidence from US coastal states
AbstractClimate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of natural hazards such as hurricanes. With a severe shortage of affordable housing in the United States, renters may be uniquely vulnerable to disaster-related housing disruptions due to increased hazard exposure, physical vulnerability of structures, and socioeconomic disadvantage. In this work, we construct a panel dataset consisting of housing, socioeconomic, and hurricane disaster data from counties in 19 states across the East and Gulf Coasts of the United States from 2009 to 2018 to investigate how the frequency and intensity of a hurricane c...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 5, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Kelsea B. Best,
Qian He,
Allison Reilly,
Nhi Tran,
Deb Niemeier Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information ‐ TOC
(Source: Risk Analysis)
Source: Risk Analysis - October 5, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Inferring the distribution of norovirus in individual oysters below the limit of quantification by pooled sampling
AbstractNorovirus (NoV) in oysters is a food safety risk of much concern. In order to assess the risk of the exposure, the distribution of the number of NoV copies contained in each oyster should be acquired first for comprehensively quantifying the associated risks. However, the part of the distribution below the limit of quantification cannot be obtained directly by laboratory detecting methods, which hampers accurate assessment. To tackle this challenging problem, a systematic method (Distribution Inference Method by Pooled Sampling) is proposed to infer the unobservable part of distribution based upon all measurements ...
Source: Risk Analysis - October 1, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Jianxin Wang,
Chen Zhou,
Yeru Wang Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Quantitative approaches for including equity in risk and resilience infrastructure planning analyses
AbstractRisk and resilience assessments for critical infrastructure focus on myriad objectives, from natural hazard evaluations to optimizing investments. Although research has started to characterize externalities associated with current or possible future states, incorporation of equity priorities at project inception is increasingly being recognized as critical for planning related activities. However, there is no standard methodology that guides development of equity-informed quantitative approaches for infrastructure planning activities. To address this gap, we introduce a logic model that can be tailored to capture n...
Source: Risk Analysis - September 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Thushara Gunda,
Amanda Wachtel,
Shruti Khadka Mishra,
Emily Moog Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
A risk science perspective on vaccines
AbstractVaccines can be seen as one of the greatest successes in modern medicine. Good examples are the vaccines against smallpox, polio, and measles. Unfortunately, vaccines can have side effects, but the risks are considered by the health authorities and experts to be small compared to their benefits. Nevertheless, there are many who are skeptical of vaccination, something which has been very clearly demonstrated in relation to the COVID-19 disease. Risk is the key concept when evaluating a vaccine, in relation to both its ability to protect against the disease and its side effects. However, risk is a challenging concept...
Source: Risk Analysis - September 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Ingrid Glette ‐Iversen,
Terje Aven,
Roger Flage Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
