Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: viral hepatitis
This article discusses viral hepatitis, a theme addressed by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines to Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections and, more precisely, by the Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and Coinfections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Besides the broad spectrum of health impairment, hepatitis A, B, and C viruses also present different transmission forms, whether parenteral, sexual, vertical, or fecal-oral. Among the strategies suggested for the control of viral hepatitis, in addition to behavioral measures, a...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
This article addresses human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, one of the topics covered by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects and guidelines for health service managers and health workers about diagnosing and treating people with papillomavirus infection. This theme is a significant public health issue since it is...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause genital ulcers
This article addresses clinical genital ulcer syndrome caused by sexually transmitted infections and its most common etiological agents: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), herpes simplex virus-2 (genital herpes) and herpes simplex virus-1 (perioral herpes), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 (lymphogranuloma venereum), and Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis). Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections and guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment are presented, including strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control actions to support health managers and pro...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause urethral discharge
This article approaches infections that cause urethral discharge. This theme is part of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Ministry of Health of Brazil in 2020. These guidelines were prepared based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. Urethritis can cause severe and even irreversible health damage when not properly treated, or when the microorganism develops antimicrobial resistance. It is noteworthy that the high levels of antimicrobial resistance grown by pathogens that cause urethritis comp...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: syphilis diagnostic tests
This article presents direct tests to detect Treponema pallidum in lesions and algorithms that combine treponemal and non-treponemal antibody tests to assist in syphilis diagnosis, with the aim of contributing to the efforts of health service managers and health professionals in qualifying health care. The article also covers the use of non-treponemal tests to investigate neurosyphilis and guidelines for interpreting non-treponemal antibody titers in monitoring the treatment and diagnosis of congenital syphilis, as well as prospects for innovations in diagnosis. The critical role of rapid immunochromatographic treponemal t...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted infections 2020: approaching sexually active individuals
This article aims to present concepts and clinical practices recommended to approach people with active sex life. These concepts are an integral part of the recommendations of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), published by the Ministry of Health of Brazil in 2020. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to sexuality for health promotion. It presents significant aspects of the communication process that must develop, without prejudice and judgment, focusing on sexual and reproductive health. It also highlights relevant points ...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: acquired syphilis
Abstract The Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care of People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020, includes updates concerning acquired syphilis. The document comprises rapid test use, safety and efficacy of benzathine benzylpenicillin, case follow-up, neurosyphilis clinical and laboratory management, approaching sex partners, assistance and monitoring of diagnosed pregnant women, and syphilis and HIV co-infection specificities, as well as a case notification summary. Health managers and professionals must be continuously trained so as to ...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: Zika virus infection
This article addresses the vector, sexual and vertical transmissions of the Zika virus, a topic covered in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Although in Brazil Zika virus is transmitted more predominantly by Aedes aegypti, the vertical and sexual transmission routes are of significant importance for reproductive health. Sexual transmission demands specific prophylactic interventions, including the use of male or female condoms, especially among couples in a risk situation and plannin...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection
This article addresses the Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV). This subject comprises the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. HTLV-1/2 infection is a public health problem globally, and Brazil has the largest number of individuals living with the virus. HTLV-1 causes several clinical manifestations of neoplasm (adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma) and inflammatory nature, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy and other manifestations such as uveitis, arthritis, and infective dermatitis. These pathologies...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted infections, 2020: pelvic inflammatory disease
Abstract Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a topic included in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an upper female genital tract acute infection due to canalicular spread of endogenous cervicovaginal microorganisms and especially the sexually transmitted microorganisms. Standing out among the etiological agents involved are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The main sequelae are chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Clinical...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: sexual violence
This article addresses sexual violence, as part of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Guidance is provided in programmatic and operational management, focusing on the service network for people in situation of sexual violence, recommendations to health staff about pregnancy and viral and non-viral sexually transmitted infections prophylactic measures, in addition to surveillance action strategies. Sexual violence is an encompassing issue that includes wider areas than the health field. It inv...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: sexually transmitted enteric infections
This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections and guidance for service managers on their programmatic and operational management. The aim is to assist health professionals with screening, diagnosis, and treatment of people with sexually transmitted enteric infections and their sexual partners, in addition to supporting strategies for their surveillance, prevention, and control. (Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical)
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: congenital syphilis and child exposed to syphilis
This article provides guidelines for syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis clinical management, emphasizing the vertical transmission of Treponema pallidum prevention. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections are presented and recommendations for managers in the programmatic and operational management of syphilis. The article also includes guidelines for health professionals in screening, diagnosing, and treating people with sexually transmitted infections and their sex partners, in addition to strategies for surveillance actions, prevention, and control of the disease. (Source: Revista da Soci...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections causing vaginal discharge
This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects associated with vaginal discharge conditions, as well as guidance to health service managers and health professionals. Screening, diagnosing, and treating these conditions, the main complaints among women seeking health services, caused by infectious or non-infectious factors, also are presented. Besides, information is presented on surveillance, prevention, and control actions to promote knowledge of the problem and provide quality care and effective treatment. (Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical)
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: HIV infection in adolescents and adults
Abstract HIV infection is presented in the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Health professionals and managers must learn the signs and symptoms of HIV infection and know how to diagnose it to provide appropriate treatment and reduce complications. HIV infection has become a chronic disease. Its treatment includes addressing common comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, in addition to cardiac risk assessment, cancer prevention, and guidan...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - May 17, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research