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Toona sinensis: a comprehensive review on its traditional usages, phytochemisty, pharmacology and toxicology
In conclusion, the paper provides a full-scale profile of the traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. sinensis, and also provides potential therapeutic uses and drug development prospects of this plant. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Paullinia cupana: a multipurpose plant - a review
Abstract Seeds of guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth, Sapindaceae) feature diverse pharmacological functions, for example, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, stimulating, and cognitive functions, as well as liver protection and weight loss. Many of these actions are probably due to the high content of methylxanthines and tannins in its seeds. In Brazil, the world's largest producer of guarana, the plant material is predominantly used in the soft drinks industry, although it is also used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Although the Amazon region has the largest cropping area, the state of Bahia is the...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Adsorption/desorption characteristics and enrichment of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin from Flos populi using macroporous resin
In this study, the adsorption/desorption characteristics of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin from Flos populi extract (Populus tomentosa Carri ère, Salicaceae) on twelve macroporous resins (NKA-9, HPD-600, HPD-826, HPD-750, HPD-400, DM-130, AB-8, SP-825, X-5, D-101, HPD-100, HPD-200) were evaluated. Both high adsorption and desorption capacities of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin from Flos populi extract on SP-825 resin indicated that SP -825 resin was appropriate and its data were well fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. To get the optimal separation process, the influences of factors such as flow rates, lo...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Providing added value to local uses of paparahua (Artocarpus altilis) in Amazonian Ecuador by phytochemical data review
Abstract Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn.) Fosberg, Moraceae, is a native tree of Southeast Asia introduced to South America at the beginning of the 19th century. It has been used by several indigenous communities. This paper aims to preserve the traditional knowledge at risk of loss and to validate some of the applications found. Current ancestral practices were documented, by interviews in a scarcely contacted Amazonic Kichwa community from the Bobonaza River (Ecuador). The findings were compared with bibliographic citations from other Amazonian cultures. A bioinformatics literature survey of articles that repo...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cytotoxic effects of Euterpe oleraceae fruit oil (açaí) in rat liver and thyroid tissues
This study analysed the histological and histochemical effec ts of different dosages of açaí oil on rat's liver and thyroid cells, in order to evaluate its cytotoxic potential after administration for consecutive days. Male Wistar rats were treated with the açaí oil by gavage at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, for 14 days, within a 24 h interval. Liver an d thyroid fragments were collected for histology (hematoxylin and eosin) and histochemistry analysis (blue of Nilo (lipids), Baker (lipids), bromophenol blue (protein), PAS (polysaccharides)). The results showed that animals exposed to açaí oil presented alterations...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anti-allergic rhinitis effects of caffeoylquinic acids from the fruits of Xanthium strumarium in rodent animals via alleviating allergic and inflammatory reactions
Abstract The fruits of Xanthium strumarium L., Asteraceae, have been used for various diseases in Chinese folk medicine, including allergic rhinitis, tympanitis, arthritis, ozena etc. The current study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of caffeoylquinic acids from fruits of X. strumarium on allergic rhinitis in animals. The toxicity test indicated that the caffeoylquinic acids have no obvious toxicity. By using HPLC assays combined with reference standards, ten caffeoylquinic acids were identified as the predominant constituents. Anti-allergic activities of the caffeoylquinic acids were evaluated using passi...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Terpenoids isolated from Azadirachta indica roots and biological activities
Abstract The chemical study of roots from Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae, led to the isolation of two new terpenoids, limonoid morenolide and diterpene 17-hydroxy-sandaracopimar-8,15-dien-11-one, in addition to the four well-known limonoids nimbinene, nimbinal, nimbandiol and salannin, and three diterpenoids nimbidiol, ferruginol, and 6,7-dehydroferruginol. Their structural elucidations were based on one and bidimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry spectra data which was compared to the data found in literature. The anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antimycobacterial act...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antiplasmodial evaluation of Anacardium occidentale and alkyl-phenols
In conclusion, Anacardium occidentale nuts presented relevant biological potential, and further studies should be conside red. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A new tricyclic abietane diterpenoid from Salvia chloroleuca and evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities
In this study, sahandone (1) and a new diterpenoid named sahandol II (2) were isolated from the roots of Salvia chloroleuca Rech. f.& Aellen, Lamiaceae. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were assigned by comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra and comparing with published data. Cytotoxic and apoptotic evaluation of the isolated compounds and the methanol crude extract and its subfractions including petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fraction on two human prostate cancer cell lines and a breast cancer cell lines, showed that non-polar and semi-p...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Extraction and purification of astaxanthin from shrimp shells and the effects of different treatments on its content
In this study, the extraction process and purification technology of astaxanthin from shrimp shells were established, and the effects of different treatments on the content of astaxanthin were studied. The determination results of astaxanthin in various shrimp/crab shells showed that the astaxanthin content in the Procambarus clarkia shell reached 239.96 µg/g. The effects of cool-ventilated, sun-dried and cooking conditions on the content of astaxanthin during the treatment of shrimp shells were investigated respectively and fresh shrimp shells as best extraction source was determined. The nine groups orthogonal test desi...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Simultaneous quantification of six flavonoids in four Scutellaria taxa by HPLC-DAD method
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new HPLC method to quantify several flavonoids in the methanol extract prepared from the aerial parts of four Scutellaria L. taxa from flora of Turkey. A simple, sensitive and precise reversed phase HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six main flavonoids; scutellarein 7-O- β -d-glucopyranoside, hispidulin 7-O- β -d-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin 7-O- β -d-glucopyranoside, hispidulin 7-O- β -d-glucopyranoside, luteolin and apigenin. All standard compounds showed a good linearity (R 2> 0.999) in a relatively wide concent...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anatomy, histochemistry and oxalic acid content of the leaflets of Averrhoa bilimbi and Averrhoa carambola
The objective of this work was to conduct a comparative anatomical and histochemical study between the species and determining its content of oxalic acid. Semipermanent histological slides were prepared, following common plant anatomy procedures, for analysis of the leaflets in optical microscopy, polarization and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. To determine the total, soluble and insoluble oxalate content was used titration with potassium permanganate. The anatomical characterization allowed identifying the characters useful in the differentiation of the species. The histoch...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Schinus molle: anatomy of leaves and stems, chemical composition and insecticidal activities of volatile oil against bed bug (Cimex lectularius)
Abstract The present work investigates the leaf and stem anatomy, chemical composition and insecticidal activities (against Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758) of the volatile oils of Schinus molle L., Anacardiaceae, a Brazilian native traditional medicinal plant. Noteworthy micro-morphological features that can help in the identification and quality control of the species include the presence of isobilateral and amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic and cyclocytic stomata, capitate glandular and conical non-glandular trichomes, large secretory ducts in the midrib, presence of druses and prismatic crystals, and the petiole vascul...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Fabaceae medicinal flora with therapeutic potential in Savanna areas in the Chapada do Araripe, Northeastern Brazil
The objective of this study was to evaluate the most versatile Fabaceae species and the agreement of use among the informants, in the Chapada do Araripe Savanna. The research included five rural communities located in the municipalities of Nova Olinda, Crato, Barbalha, Moreil ândia and Exu, covering the states of Ceará and Pernambuco. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 126 informants, adopting the snowball technique and using a standardized form. The relative importance and the Informant Consensus Factor were analyzed for the selection of species with therape utic potential. Twenty-six medicinal species, distri...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 12, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effect of FPZ, a total flavonoids ointment topical application from Pouzolzia zeylanica var. microphylla, on mice skin infections
ABSTRACT The present study was designed to investigate the effect of FPZ, a total flavonoids ointment topical application from Pouzolzia zeylanica var. microphylla (Wedd.) Masam, Urticaceae, on skin infections in mice. FPZ ointment anti-infective effect was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin abscess and skin ulcers in mice by evaluating the variation in abscess volume, histopathology of skin tissue and healing rate. Secondary, it is topical anti-inflammatory activities on carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice was estimated. Besides, FPZ ointment fingerprint was performed by using ultra-performance liqu...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 12, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research