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Saffron (Crocus sativus) aqueous extract reverses the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Abstract Crocus sativus L., Iridaceae, has been used worldwide in traditional medicinefor treatment ofsome neurological disorderssuch as depression. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder developed in peoplewho experience stressful events. Since stress has been proposed tocause thehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis malfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder patients, this study aimed at investigating the effect of saffron aqueous extract on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in rats of post-traumatic stress disorder model. Here, Post-traumatic stress disorder animals received an acute electro foo...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effect against splenocytes of Balb/c mice of biflorin obtained from Capraria biflora by a new isolation method
Abstract Biflorin (6,9-dimethyl-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl) benzo[de]chromene-7,8-dione) is a promising substance that has been increasingly studied in the past decades due to its diverse pharmacological properties (i.e. antitumor, antioxidant, antiinflamatory, antimicrobial activity etc.). Aiming the comprehension of its antitumoral activity we investigated the cell proliferation and cytotoxicity habilities of biflorin against mice splenocytes Balb/c. Biflorin was able to stimulate mice splenocytes Balb/c in 48 h of incubation at a concentration of 20.2 µM. Its immunostimulation promoted the production of cytokines such a...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Simultaneous liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify epicatechin and procyanidin B2 in rat plasma after oral administration of Trichilia catigua (catuaba) extract and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Abstract Trichilia catigua A. Juss., Meliaceae, known as catuaba in Brazil, is traditionally used for the treatment of stress, sexual impotence and memory deficits. To our knowledge, there is no analytical method described in literature for simultaneous quantification of catuaba extract marker substances in biological matrices. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a bioanalytical method by LC – MS/MS to quantify epicatechin and procyanidin B2 in rat plasma after administration of standardized extract of T. catigua. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a C18 column, methanol and 0.1% aqueous formic ac...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antitumor effect of depsidones from lichens on tumor cell lines and experimental murine melanoma
This study evaluated the antiproliferative activity of hypostictic and salazinic acids against tumor cell lines (B16-F10, PC-03, MCF7, HT-29, HEP-G2, K562 and 786-0) by the SRB assay in vitro and antitumor activity in experimental murine melanoma in vivo. Activation of caspase-3 was quantified by flow cytometry. The murine experimental melanoma model B16-F10 was used in BALB/c mice for evaluation of antitumor activity. Hypostictic acid showed significant antiproliferative activity in K562 cells (GI50 2.20 µM), B16-F10 (GI50 13.78 µM) and 786-0 (GI50 14.24 µM), whereas salazinic acid was more active against K562 cells (G...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

In-vitro cardiovascular protective activity of a new achillinoside from Achillea alpina
Abstract Achillinoside was isolated from methanol extract of Achillea alpina L., Asteraceae. The structure of the compound was characterized based on various spectrum data, including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. The cardiovascular protective effect of achillinoside was tested on H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. In our research, achillinoside could increase the cell viability dose-dependently in H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. In addition, the levels of caspase-3/9 cells were significantly decreased in H2O2 and achillinoside incubated H9c2 cells. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cardiac glycosides from Cascabela thevetioides by HPLC-MS analysis
Abstract The present work investigates the chemical composition of seeds of Cascabela thevetioides (Kunth) Lippold, an ornamental shrub of M éxico. Six thevetia cardiac glycosides or thevetosides (thevetin A, B, and C, acetylthevetin A, B and C) were identified from the methanol extract of seeds of C. thevetioides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry and by comparison of mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Enzymatic hydrolysis of a sample of thevetosides from methanol extract of seeds and subsequent High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry analysis yielded the monoglycoside...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Convection combined microwave drying affect quality of volatile oil compositions and quantity of curcuminoids of turmeric raw material
Abstract The aim of the work was to estimate the quality of some compositions in turmeric volatile oil and quantity of individual and total curcuminoids in turmeric powder dried under different conditions. Effect of convection time (0 – 30 min) and microwave time (20 – 60 min) on quality of volatile oil compositions and quantity of curcuminoids were investigated using computer software. Quality of volatile oil obtained from the hydrodistillation of dried turmeric was analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The quantity of individual curcuminoids (bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin) and ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anatomical and histochemical characterization of Dipteryx odorata and Taralea oppositifolia, two native Amazonian species
Abstract Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. and Taralea oppositifolia Aubl., Fabaceae: Dipterygeae, are two Amazonian species of great economic and pharmacological potential. The anatomy of these species, however, remains poorly studied. The aim of this work was to inventory leaf anatomical characteristics of D. odorata and T. oppositifolia and to locate and identify secretory structures and determine the main classes of metabolites they store. Vegetative branches were collected in Parque Ecol ógico de Gunma, Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. Some of the branches were destined for herborization while the remainder was submitte...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

“Arnicas” from Brazil: comparative analysis among ten species
Abstract The “ arnicas ” found in Brazil are examples of different species of the family Asteraceae used in popular medicine for its attributed anti-inflammatory action. Among the species known and used as “ arnica ” we selected: Calea uniflora Less., Chaptalia nutans (L.) Pol ák, Lychnophora ericoides Mart., Lychnophora pinaster Mart., Lychnophora salicifolia Mart., Lychnophora diamantinana Coile& S.B.Jones, Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass., Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng.) R.M.King& H.Rob., Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, and Solidago chilensis Meyen, due to their extensive use. This rese...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Brazilian stingless bee propolis and geopropolis: promising sources of biologically active compounds
ABSTRACT Stingless bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, and geopropolis have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses. Investigation of the biological activity of stingless bee products, especially propolis and geopropolis, has revealed promising therapeutic properties. About 20% of total Neotropical stingless bees can be found in Brazil. Despite the species diversity, studies on their biological activity are scarce. The present review focuses on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis and geopropolis from Brazilian stingless bees. In addition, the tox...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Colombian propolis as starting material for the preparation of nanostructured lipid carriers
ABSTRACT The value of propolis is scientifically and commercially measured through the content of biologically active molecules as phenolic compounds and flavonoids; on the other hand, a high percentage of waxes in the propolis composition makes it a substandard beekeeping product. Colombian propolis is characterized by a high content of waxes; however, this drawback turns into an advantage when this material is used for preparing lipid nanocarriers. Accordingly, in this research work, a propolis-extracted material obtained by Randall method is characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ra...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Photoprotective activity and increase of SPF in sunscreen formulation using lyophilized red propolis extracts from Alagoas
ABSTRACT The excessive sun exposure, coupled with lack of sun protection represents one of the biggest risks to the occurrence of skin cancer and photoaging. Recent strategies for photoprotection have included the incorporation of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, into sunscreens, and the oral administration of natural antioxidant extracts. In this work, we use Brazilian red propolis extract because its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sun protection factor and antioxidant activity of different hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis (70% and 75%) pre...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Micellar propolis nanoformulation of high antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity
ABSTRACT The present study reports a promising antioxidant protection by a recently developed micellar propolis formulation, against oxidative stress in in vitro and in vivo models of toxicity. The formulation, based on poplar propolis encapsulated in poly(ethylene oxide) – β -poly(propylene oxide) – β -poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO26 – PPO40 – PEO26) micelles is characterized by small size (D h = 20 nm), enhances aqueous solubility and good colloidal stability. In vitro, propolis-loaded PEO26 – PPO40 – PEO26 micelles (20 – 100 µg/ml) significantly increased the cell viability of human hepat...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Pentacyclic triterpenes and other constituents in propolis extract from Melipona beecheii collected in Yucatan, México
ABSTRACT Thirteen pentacyclic triterpenes, methyl 3-oxours-12-en-23-oate, marsformosanone, taraxerone, β -amyrenone, α -amyrenone, lupenone, 24-methylencycloartan-3-one, moretenol acetate, β -amyrin acetate, germanicol acetate, 24-methylencycloartanyl acetate, β -amyrin, and α -amyrin were identified in a chloroform-methanol propolis extract from Melipona beecheii. Additionally, were identified in this propolis, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and 1-triacontanol. The purification of the propolis extract was carried out using different chromatographic techniques, including vacuum liquid...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Headspace analysis and characterisation of South African propolis volatile compounds using GCxGC–ToF–MS
In this study, the headspace volatiles of propolis (n = 39) collected from various locations in South Africa (Gauteng, Northern Cape and Western Cape Provinces) were explored for the first time using GCxGC – ToF – MS. Several GCxGC parameters were optimised including; incubation time, temperature and modulation period. Multivariate data analysis techniques (principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses) were applied on the GCxGC – ToF – MS data to investigate trends and clustering patterns within propolis samples. The results demonstrated that headspace volatiles of propolis varied between locations. The vo...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research