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Fumigant toxicity and biochemical properties of (α + β) thujone and 1, 8-cineole derived from Seriphidium brevifolium volatile oil against the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
In this study fumigant toxicity and enzyme inhibition activities of the S. brevifolium volatile oil collected from the highlands of Skardu Baltistan, Pakistan, was evaluated against the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta. The phytochemical studies indicated that monoterpenes were the most abundant constituents, accounting for 88% of the total oil. The major dominant constituents were 2-bornanone (28.2%), 1,8-cineole (19.9%), α -thujone (7.5%), β -thujone (6.7%) which accounts for 62.3% of total constituents identified, with volatile oil yield of 4.11% (w/w). The fumigation assay indicated that the volatile oil was ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Clathriamide, an hexapeptide isolated from the marine sponge Clathria (Clathria) nicoleae
ABSTRACT Chemical investigation of the aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract from the Brazilian endemic marine sponge Clathria (Clathria) nicoleae Vieira de Barros, Santos& Pinheiro, 2013, Microcionidae, sampled from a 55 m deep rhodolith bed at the Amazon River mouth, led to the isolation of a new hexapeptide, clathriamide (1). HP-20 resin was used to capture compound 1 from the aqueous fraction, which was purified by additional chromatographic steps. The absolute configuration of the amino acids of 1 was determined by advanced Marfey's analysis using 5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-N α -L-tryptophanamide. The amino aci...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Identification and quantification of limonoid aglycones content of Citrus seeds
ABSTRACT Citrus fruits are recognized as an important source of bioactive molecules such as limonin and nomilin. However, these molecules exhibit low bioavailability, therefore, obtaining these molecules using biotechnological techniques may be an alternative to harvesting them directly from fruits. The aim of this study was to quantify and identify limonoids in the dichloromethane extracts of Citrus seeds of Criolla orange, Oneco tangerine, Tangerine-lemon, Sour orange and Valencia orange from department of Antioquia-Colombia by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and high-resolution mass sp...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Simultaneous determination of macaenes and macamides in maca using an HPLC method and analysis using a chemometric method (HCA) to distinguish maca origin
ABSTRACT Macamides and Macaenes are the bioactive marker compounds in maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp., Brassicaceae) tuber. To simultaneously quantify these two types of compound, HPLC method was studied. To distinguish and group the growing regions of different maca samples, Hierarchical cluster analysis, a chemometric method, was applied to analyze the HPLC data. The calibration curves obtained using the HPLC method showed satisfactory linearity with determination coefficients>0.9998. The precision and repeatability relative standard deviation values were<4%, and the accuracy relative standard deviation value was<5...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anatomical characterization and LC-MS profiling of Adenophora roots from Korea
ABSTRACT “ Sasam ( 沙 參 ) ” is a crude drug that is defined in the in Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia as the root of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Regel.) Hara or A. stricta Miq., Campanulaceae. The dried roots of the Adenophora spp. are available in markets, and the roots of various species are similar to each other in shape, making it difficult to distinguish one from another using only the outer morphological appearance. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish quality control parameters for pharmacognostic evaluation and differentiation of five Adenophora species and two varieties grown in Korea. Inner...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - February 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Validation of an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of plant phenolics
Abstract A selective, sensitive and precise reversed phase HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of six phenolic acids in the aqueous extract and their hydrolyzed forms prepared from Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav., Solanaceae, Ampelocissus acapulcensis (Kunth) Planch., Vitaceae, or Brosimum alicastrum Sw., Moraceae. The new method showed good linearity (r> 0.999) in a relatively wide concentration range (0.5 – 100 mg/l). The limits of detection and quantification for the compounds were in the range of 0.097 – 0.467 mg/l and 0.097 – 0.496 mg/l, respectively. The recoveries of c...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Evaluation of Argentinean medicinal plants and isolation of their bioactive compounds as an alternative for the control of postharvest fruits phytopathogenic fungi
Abstract One of the main problems that fruit health goes through in recent years is the difficult eradication of their fungal pathogens after harvesting. This concern to the whole world because it represents huge losses of production, fruit export restrictions and consumers distrust. One of the alternatives to solve this problem could be the exploration of plants and their active compounds, which have proven to be antifungal against human pathogens, but now applied to the treatment of fruits health. In this work, eighteen plant species that grow in Argentina were evaluated against four phytopathogenic fungi that greatly af...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Obtaining and characterization of anthocyanins from Euterpe oleracea (açaí) dry extract for nutraceutical and food preparations
Abstract The main constituents of the Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae, fruits (a çaí) are anthocyanins. This paper aimed to standardize the extraction process and characterize an anthocyanin-rich dry extract obtained from this fruit. A 23 full factorial design was used. The volumes of ethanol 92% and acetic acid and the extraction time were used as factors. Total solids and an thocyanins content were used as feedback. The dry extract was obtained by freeze-drying. The content of anthocyanins was determined spectrophotometrically. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Thermogravimet...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Quantitative ethnopharmacological profiling of medicinal shrubs used by indigenous communities of Rawalakot, District Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Abstract This paper presents the first comprehensive report on traditional uses of medicinal shrubs of Rawalakot city, district Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Ethobotanical data obtained from 120 informants were analyzed by relative frequency citation, use value, family use value, informant consensus factor, fidelity level and Jaccard index. In total, 41 shrubs belonging to 24 families and 34 genera were documented. Rosaceae was reported the most dominant family in the area (six species) and Berberidaceae showed maximum family use value (0.68). Leaves (35%) and fruits (33%) were the most commonly used plant part...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Petiveria alliacea, a plant used in Afro-Brazilian smoke rituals, triggers pulmonary inflammation in rats
Abstract Petiveria alliacea L., Phytolaccaceae, a plant used in Afro-Brazilian religious smoke rituals is reported to have "harmonic properties" (anxiolytic effect) by ethnobotanical survey. In the present work, we analyzed the chemical composition of volatiles produced by leaves of P. alliacea, using headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and its potential anxiolytic and toxic effects in smoke-exposed rats. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were allocated into groups, according to substance administration: acute (locomotor activity) or chronic (anxiety-like behavior) burning charcoal or to smoke from P....
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Children's versus adult's knowledge of medicinal plants: an ethnobotanical study in Tremezzina (Como, Lombardy, Italy)
Abstract The study was developed in order to collect information about knowledge on medicinal plant uses by students from some primary school classes located in a small community on the western shore of Lake Como (northern Italy). This information was compared with the one collected from the students' relatives and from other people they were in contact with, in order to evaluate differences and similarities between the children's and the adults' knowledge. Two workshops were led in each of the classes taking part in the project. The first one was performed to introduce our research and the topic of healing plants to the s...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Protective effect of kinsenoside on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice
In conclusion, kinsenoside enhances antioxidant capacity of mice and antagonizes alcohol-induced lipid metabolism disorders. Besides, kinsenoside inhibits alcohol-caused hepatocyte apoptosis, reduces oxidative stress, and relieves hepatocyte death, which may be a mechanism of kinsenoside in the treatment of alcoholic liver. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Trapa natans pericarp extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetic mice
In this study, extracts of Trapa natans pericarp were tested both in vitro and in vivo through a high-fat diet with a single medium dosage streptozotocin injection induced type 2 diabetic mice. Different solvent extracts of Trapa natans pericarp showed α -amylase and α -glucosidase inhibitory activity. After four weeks administration, the ethyl acetate extract of Trapa natans pericarp (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) reduced fasting blood glucose level, ameliorated oral glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, improved serum lipids alterations in type 2 diabetic mice as well. Additionally, ethyl acetate extract significantly ele...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Phytochemical screening and anti-implantation activity of Asparagus africanus root extract in female Sprague–Dawley rats
In conclusion, the aqueous extract A. africanus has anti-implantation effect in female rats and is safe up to 2000 mg/kg bw. In addition, it contains some potential steroidal saponins, which could be used to explain its an ti-implantation activity, however this finding needs further pharmacological studies to confirm the antifertility activities. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anxiolytic-like and proneurogenic effects of Trichilia catigua ethyl-acetate fraction in mice with cerebral ischemia
In conclusion, T. catigua ethyl-acetate fraction promoted functional recovery and restored hippocampal neurogenesis in ischemic mice. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - December 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research