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Pharmacognostical studies of Premna microphylla
Abstract Various traditional systems of medicine enlightened the importance of Premna microphylla Turcz., Lamiaceae, medicinally. The present study was carried out to provide a scientific basis of the identification and the authenticity of P. microphylla with the help of pharmacognostical parameters, which is not done before. Roots, stems, and leaves of P. microphylla were collected for pharmacognostical studies involving macros, microscopic evaluation, physicochemical parameters analysis like fluorescence analysis and thin layer chromatography, in addition with DNA barcodes of internal transcribed spacer and psbA-trnH reg...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 11, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Morpho-anatomical characters of Limonium brasiliense leaves
Abstract Limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) Kuntze, Plumbaginaceae, is a coastal herb of the Southern Brazilian states and Rio de Janeiro State. In folk medicine, it is used in the treatment of female genitourinary tract infections and menstrual cycle irregularities. The aim of this study was to describe morpho-anatomical characters with details on venation pattern of L. brasiliense leaves, collected on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul State, in Southern Brazil. Leaf samples fixed in FAA50 (5% formaldehyde, 5% acetic acid and 90% ethanol: water mixture 50:50 v/v) and 1% glutaraldehyde and preserved in 70% ethanol, were histologic...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - October 11, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Traditional phytomedicines for gynecological problems used by tribal communities of Mohmand Agency near the Pak-Afghan border area
In conclusion, the documented flora that is particularly important to medicinal plants may be researched in the future to discover new pharmaceutical, neutraceutical and other pharmacological agents against gynecological complaints. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

In vitro release and anti-herpetic activity of Cymbopogon citratus volatile oil-loaded nanogel
This study aimed to prepare hydrogel containing Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Poaceae, volatile oil encapsulated in poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles and to evaluate its in vitro anti-herpetic activity. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and incorporated in carbomer hydrogels. In vitro release profiles for the nanogel, loaded nanoparticles and hydrogel containing free oil were evaluated by dialysis. Inhibitory activities against Herpes simplex for the formulations were investigated in Vero cells. Hydrogel was developed using nanoparticles with mean diameter of 21...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Syringa oblata leaves ethanol extract with the indicator of glutathione S-transferase A1
Abstract The leaves of Syringa oblata Lindl., Oleaceae, had been extensively used as a folk medicine to treat various infections, heal inflammations, icteric hepatitis and acute mastitis. The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of S. oblata leaves ethanol extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in primary hepatocytes and mice with the indicator of glutathione S-transferase alpha 1. The hepatoprotective effects of S. oblata leaves ethanol extract were evaluated on the basis of liver histopathology and biochemical parameters as well as hepatic oxidative stress markers. The results showed that CCl...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Different processing methods change the oral toxicity induced by Sophora alopecuroides seeds and the contents of five main toxic alkaloids from the ethanol extracts determined by a validated UHPLC–MS/MS assay
This study investigated the influence of different processing methods on the oral toxicity of Sophora alopecuroides L., Fabaceae, seeds in mice and on the contents of five known toxic-effective quinolizidine alkaloids from the ethanol extracts quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. It provides an evidence to elucidate the possible reasons why vinegar-processing and parching methods significantly decrease the acute oral toxicity induced by S. alopecuroides and why wine-processing method increases it instead (demonstrated by measurement of LD50 and histopathologi...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

1H NMR-based nontargeted metabonomics study of plasma and urinary biochemical changes in Kudouzi treated rats
Abstract Kudouzi (Sophora alopecuroides L., Fabaceae) is an effective folk medicine, but it always causes a hepatic and renal toxicity in clinical therapy. The toxic mechanism remains unclear. This paper detected the urinary and plasma metabolites alteration by 1H NMR-based metabonomics study in Kudouzi-induced rats to evaluate the toxic mechanism for clinical security. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally dosed with 0.5 and 1 g Kudouzi/kg weight once per day for consecutive 14 days. Urine samples were collected at day − 1 (before treatment), and days 7, 14, and 21 for NMR analysis, respectively. Plasma samples were ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

(2R,3S)-Pinobanksin-3-cinnamate promotes osteoblast differentiation through cAMP and cGMP pathways
In this study, we investigated the effects of a new flavone (2R,3S)-pinobanksin-3-cinnamate, isolated from the metabolites of the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. FJ-1 of Acanthus ilicifolius L., Acanthaceae, on osteoblast differentiation by using MC3T3-E1 cells. It was observed that (2R,3S)-pinobanksin-3-cinnamate promoted osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by increased mineralization process and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as expression of genes encoding the bone differentiation. Moreover (2R,3S)-pinobanksin-3-cinnamate treatment upregulated the gene expression of wingless-type MMTV integration site fam...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Zeaxanthin from Porphyridium purpureum induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells expressing the oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation and sensitizes them to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib
Abstract Zeaxanthin, an abundant carotenoid present in fruits, vegetables and algae was reported to exert antiproliferative activity and induce apoptosis in human uveal melanoma cells. It also inhibited uveal melanoma tumor growth and cell migration in nude mice xenograft models. Here we report that zeaxanthin purified from the rhodophyte Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) K.M.Drew& R.Ross, Porphyridiaceae, promotes apoptosis in the A2058 human melanoma cell line expressing the oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation. Zeaxanthin 40 µM (IC50) induced chromatin condensation, nuclear blebbing, hypodiploidy, accumulation of cells in sub...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Quantitative determination of monotropein in rat plasma and tissue by LC–MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies
Abstract A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry was developed and validated for accurate determination of monotropein in rat plasma and tissues. All biological samples were prepared by simple protein precipitation method using catalpol as an internal standard. The analyte and internal standard were separated on a C18 analytical column with 2 min of run time, at flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with negative-ion electrospray ionization by selected-reaction monitoring of the transitions at m/z 389 → 147 for m...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Bioactive components, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of the wood of Albizia myriophylla
Abstract The scientific basis corresponding with the folkloric use of Albizia myriophylla Benth., Fabaceae, for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases was established by measuring antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays as well as anti-inflammatory effect using nitrite assay and ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced rat ear edema model. Both ethanol extract (DPPH, IC50 46.23 µg/ml; ABTS, IC50 57.14 µg/ml; FRAP, 950.14 mM Fe (II)/g) and dichloromethane fraction (DPPH, IC50 29.54 �...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Physicochemical, biological and release studies of chitosan membranes incorporated with Euphorbia umbellata fraction
Abstract Formulations containing chitosan incorporated with methanolic fraction of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns, Euphorbiaceae, were studied aiming future applications of this new material as medicine. In order to investigate potential interactions between chitosan and the methanolic fraction (10, 50 and 100% in relation to the amount of chitosan) physicochemical characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy, density, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and colorimetry techniques. The phenolic compounds released from the chitos...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The role of tannins as antiulcer agents: a fluorescence-imaging based study
Abstract Condensed tannins have been used for many years in folk medicine to treat gastric problems. The mechanism of action that explains why tannins improve gastritis symptoms is based on their ability to chelate metals, antioxidant activity, and their complexation power with other molecules. Even though these uses are well-known, the requirements to become an herbal medicine are much more complex. Herein, we analyzed Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., Fabaceae, extract using MALDI for tannin characterization and carried out a fluorescence-imaging study to prove the gastroprotective effects of tannins as coating agents...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A new feruloyl glyceride from the roots of Asian rice (Oryza sativa)
This study represents the first report of feruloyl glycerides (1 – 2) identified in O. sativa. In addition, the identification of compound 3 is reported from Asian rice (O. sativa) for the first time. The cytotoxic activities of the isolates 1 – 3 were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Evaluation of the chemical composition and variability of the volatile oils from Trembleya parviflora leaves
This study provides data that can be applied for the quality control of powdered leaves and is the first description of the chemical composition and variability of the volatile oils from the leaves of T. parviflora. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research