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Activation of the expiratory muscles via lower thoracic high frequency spinal cord stimulation in awake animals
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Anthony F. DiMarco, Krzysztof E. KowalskiAbstractLower thoracic spinal cord stimulation is an effective method of restoring an effective cough in participants with complete spinal cord injury. The high voltage requirements however significantly limits this application in subjects with intact lower chest wall sensation. In anesthetized animals, we have shown that the expiratory muscles can also be effectively activated with low stimulus currents (1 mA) but with high stimulus frequencies (HF-SCS -500 Hz). In 3 intact...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - February 9, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Pulmonary stretch receptor activity during partial liquid ventilation with different pressure waveforms
ConclusionAs assessed by PSRfimp, increased PIPs do not expose the lungs to more stretching during PLV than during GV, with only minor differences between square and sinusoidal waveforms. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - February 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Cordyceps polysaccharide ameliorates airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma via TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway
In this study, we established a mouse model of asthma using ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and evaluated the potential regulatory effect of CPS (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) on asthmatic mice. These results showed that the asthmatic mice treated with CPS suppressed the secretion of eotaxin, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and decreased serum IgE levels compared to the vehicle-treated mice. CPS also alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and the increases of inflammatory cells in the mouse model of asthma. In addition, OVA-induced AHR was inhibited by C...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - February 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Endogenous glutamatergic inputs to the Parabrachial Nucleus/ Kölliker-Fuse Complex determine respiratory rate
This study used an adult, in vivo, decerebrate rabbit model to delineate the contribution of each site to inspiratory and expiratory duration through sequential block of glutamatergic excitation with the receptor antagonists 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX) and d(–)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5). Glutamatergic disfacilitation caused large increases in inspiratory and expiratory duration and minor decrease in peak phrenic activity (PPA). Hypoxia only partially reversed respiratory rate depression but PPA was increased to>200% of control. The contribution of PBN activity to i...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - February 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Modeling rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor activity to step-wise and constant pressure inflation of the lungs
Publication date: Available online 6 February 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Dale R. BergrenAbstractRapidly-adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (RAPSRs) provide the central nervous system with information regarding the rate of lung inflation, lung compliance and the sensation of dyspnea. Other than satisfying parameters of an adaptation index to constant pressure lung inflation for identification, no mathematical model has been ascribed to the stimulus-response relationship of lung volume-pressure to RAPSR activity. Herein, linear, power, polynomial and non-linear (four parameters logistic) mo...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - February 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, Volume 274Author(s): (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - February 2, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Ventilatory and carotid body responses to acute hypoxia in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia during the first and second postnatal weeks
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Ryan W. Bavis, Monata J. Song, Julia P. Smachlo, Alexander Hulse, Holli R. Kenison, Jose N. Peralta, Jennifer T. Place, Sam Triebwasser, Sarah E. Warden, Amy B. McDonoughAbstractChronic hypoxia (CH) during postnatal development causes a blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in neonatal mammals. The magnitude of the HVR generally increases with age, so CH could blunt the HVR by delaying this process. Accordingly, we predicted that CH would have different effects on the respiratory control of neonatal rats if initia...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 30, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Blocking TG2 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting EMT
ConclusionBlocking TG2 reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting EMT (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 30, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of Inflammation on the Developing Respiratory System: Focus on Hypoglossal (XII) Neuron Morphology, Brainstem Neurochemistry, and Control of Breathing
Publication date: Available online 17 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Paul Allen Williams, Christopher G. WilsonAbstractBreathing is fundamental to life and any adverse change in respiratory function can endanger the health of an organism or even be fatal. Perinatal inflammation is known to adversely affect breathing in preterm babies, but lung infection/inflammation impacts all stages of life from birth to death. Little is known about the role of inflammation in respiratory control, neuronal morphology, or neural function during development. Animal models of inflammation can provide und...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 18, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Kölliker-Fuse/Parabrachial complex mu opioid receptors contribute to fentanyl-induced apnea and respiratory rate depression
Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Sandy E. Saunders, Erica S. LevittAbstractOverdoses caused by the opioid agonist fentanyl have increased exponentially in recent years. Identifying mechanisms to counter progression to fatal respiratory apnea during opioid overdose is desirable, but difficult to study in vivo. The pontine Kölliker-Fuse/Parabrachial complex (KF/PB) provides respiratory drive and contains opioid-sensitive neurons. The contribution of the KF/PB complex to fentanyl-induced apnea was investigated using the in situ arterially perfused prepa...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 15, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Blood pressure and limb blood flow responses during hyperpnoea are not affected by menstrual cycle phase in young women
Publication date: Available online 13 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Kaori Shimizu, Kana Shiozawa, Koji Ishida, Mitsuru Saito, Sahiro Mizuno, Hiroshi Akima, Keisho KatayamaAbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify whether the menstrual cycle affects the cardiovascular and limb blood flow responses during hyperpnoea. Fifteen young female subjects participated. An incremental respiratory endurance test was performed at the early follicular (EF) and midluteal phases (ML). Target minute ventilation was initially set at 30% of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV12) and was increased by...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 14, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Respiratory reactance in forced oscillation technique reflects disease stage and predicts lung physiology deterioration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
ConclusionThe Xrs components of FOT, especially in the inspiratory phase, reflected restrictive ventilatory impairment and disease severity in patients with IPF. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 11, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Is Ammonia Excretion Affected by Gill Ventilation in the Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss?
Publication date: Available online 10 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Junho Eom, Sandra Fehsenfeld, Chris M. WoodAbstractAmmonia (NH3 + NH4+) is the major nitrogenous waste in teleost fish. NH3 is also the third respiratory gas, playing a role in ventilatory control. However it is also highly toxic. Normally, ammonia excretion through the gills occurs at about the same rate as its metabolic production, but the branchial transport mechanisms have long been controversial. An influential review in this journal has claimed that ammonia excretion in fish is probably limited by diffusion rathe...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 11, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Respiratory Pump Contributions in Cerebrovascular and Postural Control Responses during Orthostatic Stress in Older Women
Publication date: Available online 8 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Gabriel Dias Rodrigues, Jonas Lírio Gurgel, Iuri dos Santos Galdino, Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nóbrega, Pedro Paulo da Silva SoaresAbstractThe acute inspiratory resistive load (IRL) may increase the respiratory pump contributes to hemodynamic responses during orthostatic stress. However, IRL effects on cerebrovascular and postural control interplay is unknown. Fourteen older women (65 ± 4 years) performed two orthostatic tests with spontaneous breathing through acute experimental (−9 cm.H2O) or sham load imped...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 9, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of 100 % oxygen during exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease
ConclusionExercise-induced increases in VE and VCO2 were prevented by breathing pure oxygen during CPET, demonstrating both decreased ventilatory drive and more efficient exercise at achieved workloads. Hyperoxia could enhance the ability of patients with ILD to train at higher workloads, resulting in more effective rehabilitation. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 9, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research