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Margin of exposure to free formaldehyde in personal care products containing formaldehyde-donor preservatives: Evidence for consumer safety
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 20:105519. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105519. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFormaldehyde has been classified as carcinogenic to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer and found in personal care (PC) products containing formaldehyde-donor (FD) preservatives. However, the cancer risk associated with the use of FD-containing PC products has not been well established. Our study provides the quantitative cancer risk assessment of formaldehyde in FD-containing PC products. The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy was used in this risk assessment to provide re...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - October 22, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sang-Tae Kim Kan Shao Christine Oleschkewitz Ryan Hamilton Source Type: research

Derivation of oral cancer slope factors for hexavalent chromium informed by pharmacokinetic models and in vivo genotoxicity data
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 18:105521. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105521. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is present in drinking water from natural and anthropogenic sources at approximately 1 ppb. Several regulatory bodies have recently developed threshold-based safety criteria for Cr(VI) of 30-100 ppb based on evidence that small intestine tumors in mice following exposure to ≥20,000 ppb are the result of a non-mutagenic mode of action (MOA). In contrast, U.S. EPA has recently concluded that Cr(VI) acts through a mutagenic MOA based, in part, on scoring numerous in vivo genotoxicity stud...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - October 20, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chad M Thompson Christopher Kirman Mark A Harris Source Type: research

Use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to support development of an acute (24-hour) health-based inhalation guideline for manganese
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 18:105518. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105518. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe toxicokinetics of manganese (Mn) are controlled through homeostasis because Mn is an essential element. However, at elevated doses, Mn is also neurotoxic and has been associated with respiratory, reproductive, and developmental effects. While health-based criteria have been developed for chronic inhalation exposure to ambient Mn, guidelines for short-term (24-hour) environmental exposure are also needed. We reviewed US state, federal, and international health-based inhalation toxicity criteria, and conducted a l...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - October 20, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Camarie S Perry Alexander D Blanchette Stephanie N Vivanco Ann H Verwiel Deborah M Proctor Source Type: research

Quantitative structure use relationships: Highlights from a technical summit meeting
Discussions also led to proposals for applications beyond exposure and risk modeling, including sustainable formulation discovery. In addition, discussions continue to construct, conduct, and circulate case studies tied to various specific problem formulations in which QSURs supply or derive information on chemical functions, concentrations, and exposures.PMID:37838348 | DOI:10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105516 (Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP)
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - October 14, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rosemary T Zaleski Andreas Ahrens Jon A Arnot Richard A Becker Mark Bonnell Sean Collins Paul DeLeo Peter Egeghy Michelle Embry Todd Gouin Kristin Isaacs Elke Jensen Source Type: research

Biomonitoring Equivalents for N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 12:105506. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105506. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTN,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is widely used as an effective mosquito and tick repellent. DEET is absorbed systemically after applications to skin. Once absorbed, DEET is rapidly metabolized with the predominant metabolite being m-dimethylaminocarbonyl benzoic acid (DBA). DEET and metabolites are predominantly excreted in urine after being absorbed systemically. Exposures to DEET are typically biomonitored via measures of DEET and DBA in urine. In this evaluation, we review available health-based risk assessment...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - October 14, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sean M Hays Christopher R Kirman Source Type: research

New supporting data to guide the use of evident toxicity in acute oral toxicity studies (OECD TG 420)
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 12:105517. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105517. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCurrently there are three test guidelines (TG) for acute oral toxicity studies of substances or mixtures from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). TG 423 and TG 425 use lethality as an endpoint, while TG 420 replaces death with 'evident toxicity', defined as clear signs that exposure to a higher dose would result in death. However, the perceived subjectivity of 'evident toxicity' may be preventing wider use of TG 420. To address this, the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refineme...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - October 14, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Fiona Sewell Ian Ragan Graham Horgan David Andrew Thomas Holmes Irene Manou Boris P M üller Tim Rowan Barbara G Schmitt Marco Corvaro Source Type: research