Proton therapy induces a local microglial neuroimmune response
Neurocognitive sequelae are the leading cause of a reduced quality of life in paediatric and adult primary brain and central nervous system tumour patients [1]. In addition, patients with brain metastases also experience debilitating neurocognitive impairment [2]. Although radiotherapy is an integral part of the treatment of brain tumours, it is associated with the development of neurocognitive side effects due to the co-irradiation of normal brain tissue [3]. Despite the introduction of 3D conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, preventing or minimising radiotherapy-induced neurocognitive sequelae rem...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 6, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Dani ëlle C. Voshart, Myrthe Klaver, Yuting Jiang, Hilmar R.J. van Weering, Fleur van Buuren-Broek, Gideon P. van der Linden, Davide Cinat, Harry H. Kiewiet, Justin Malimban, Daniel A. Vazquez-Matias, Luiza Reali Nazario, Ayla C. Scholma, Jeffrey Sewdiha Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Low-dose radiotherapy synergizes with iRGD-antiCD3-modified T cells by facilitating T cell infiltration
Immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment over the last decade. Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) represents one of the pivotal immunotherapies and has achieved remarkable success in hematological malignancies; however, its efficacy in most solid tumors including gastric cancer is still very limited. Decrease in T cell-attracting chemokines, VEGF-induced downregulation of adhesion molecules, as well as the presence of immunosuppressive components in the TME, all hamper T cell infiltration or survival in tumors [1]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 6, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Shujuan Zhou, Mei Zhu, Xiao Wei, Peiyuan Mu, Lijun Shen, Yan Wang, Juefeng Wan, Hui Zhang, Fan Xia, Zhen Zhang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Baseline shift corrections towards the heart: External validation of the impact on survival in early-stage NSCLC patients
Radiation dose to the heart is associated with poorer survival in patients treated with radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)[1]. Research has shown the negative effects of cardiac dose on overall survival (OS)[1 –4], non-cancer death[5] and cardiac events[6,7]. While current efforts are directed at reducing cardiac dose when the radiation treatment is planned[8,9], anatomical variations during treatment[10] may cause the delivered dose to deviate from the planned dose, thus posing additional risk factors [11,12]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 6, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Celia Juan-Cruz, Barbara Stam, Maddalena Rossi, Jose Belderbos, Jan-Jakob Sonke Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
European association of urology risk stratification predicts outcome in patients receiving PSMA-PET-planned salvage radiotherapy for biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy
In cases of localized prostate cancer, both radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy provide excellent long-term results; however, approximately 30 –50 % of patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer experience biochemical recurrence (BR) within 10 years following treatment [1]. Salvage radiotherapy (SRT), with or without androgen deprivation (ADT), provides a potential cure for patients with BR after RP [2,3]. While SRT ha s a well-established effect on biochemical progression-free survival [4], its impacts on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) seem to be limited to a...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 6, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Sophia Scharl, Constantinos Zamboglou, Iosif Strouthos, Andrea Farolfi, Francesca Serani, Stefan A. Koerber, J ürgen Debus, Jan C. Peeken, Marco M.E. Vogel, Stephanie G.C. Kroeze, Matthias Guckenberger, Manuel Krafcsik, George Hruby, Louise Emmett, Nina- Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
In silico evaluation and feasibility of near margin-less head and neck daily adaptive radiotherapy
Personalized medicine is transforming the landscape of treatment options throughout oncology. Targeted systemic agents and immunotherapies have shown great success in optimizing patient outcomes, while liquid biopsies are trying to unravel the intricacies of tailored cancer management [1]. The field of radiation oncology is also embracing efforts to personalize treatments through real-time treatment planning and biomarker-guided dose adjustments [2,3,4,5]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael Dohopolski, Justin Visak, Byongsu Choi, Boyu Meng, David Parsons, Xinran Zhong, Enobong Inam, Vlad Avkshtol, Dominic Moon, David Sher, Mu-Han Lin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Multi-centre evaluation of variation in cumulative dose assessment in reirradiation scenarios
Reirradiation with curative intent is increasing in frequency due to improvements in patient outcomes and availability of modern precision radiotherapy techniques, such as image guidance and dose sculpting capabilities [1]. Safe reirradiation requires reliable assessment of cumulative doses to critical organs, contending with anatomical changes between treatment courses and radiobiological effects from fraction size and tissue recovery [2]. Retrospective evaluations of reirradiation clinical outcomes that include assessment of cumulative doses have been reported for a range of tumour sites [3 –11]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Nicholas Hardcastle, Eliana Vasquez Osorio, Andrew Jackson, Charles Mayo, Anja Eineb ærholm Aarberg, Myriam Ayadi, Francesca Belosi, Cemile Ceylan, Angela Davey, Pauline Dupuis, Julia-Claire Handley, Theresa Hemminger, Lone Hoffmann, Colin Kelly, Chrysan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway to reduce radiation treatment side effects
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment for cancer [1]. Approximately 50 % of newly diagnosed cancer patients should receive RT at some point in the history of their disease [2]. The main goal of RT is to administer a dose of ionizing radiation that is sufficient to ensure tumor control or alleviate symptoms while avoiding normal tissue complications. Recent advances in high precision RT planning and delivery have yielded higher tumor control rates and/or lower toxicity rates in a variety of clinical sites. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 4, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Naz Chaudary, Richard P. Hill, Michael Milosevic Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Dose and dose rate dependence of the tissue sparing effect at ultra-high dose rate studied for proton and electron beams using the zebrafish embryo model
The FLASH effect, describing the sparing of normal tissue while maintaining the tumor killing efficiency at ultra-high dose rate (UHDR), has received great attention in the radiotherapy community and has stimulated research in all disciplines involved. This particular interest came because of its potential to widen the therapeutic window: the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) curve is shifted to higher doses while the tumor control probability (TCP) is unaffected [1]. Although first patients are treated with UHDR regimes [2,3], it would be preferable to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to know the ...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 4, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Felix Horst, Elisabeth Bodenstein, Michael Brand, Stefan Hans, Leonhard Karsch, Elisabeth Lessmann, Steffen L öck, Michael Schürer, Jörg Pawelke, Elke Beyreuther Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Benefit of respiratory gating in the Danish Breast Cancer Group partial breast irradiation trial
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with widely different prognoses requiring individual treatment approaches [1]. Overall, adjuvant radiotherapy for early BC significantly reduces local, regional, and distant failure and for selected patients increases overall survival [2]. With a better understanding of the nature of BC and the development of CT-based treatment techniques, it has been possible to provide more personalized treatments focusing on the balance between gains and risks.Table 1. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 3, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Kristine W. H øgsbjerg, Else Maae, Mette H. Nielsen, Lars Stenbygaard, Anders N. Pedersen, Esben Yates, Martin Berg, Ebbe L. Lorenzen, Ingelise Jensen, Mirjana Josipovic, Mette S. Thomsen, Birgitte V. Offersen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Four steps in the evolution of rectal cancer managements through 40 years of clinical practice: pioneering, standardization, challenges and personalization
Over the last century, rectal cancer (RC) treatment has witnessed dynamic transformations, prominently influenced by advancements in surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and drug therapies. This retrospective analysis focuses on a 40-year mono-institutional experience, tracing the evolution of RC management through distinct phases. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 2, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Vincenzo Valentini, Sergio Alfieri, Claudio Coco, Domenico D'Ugo, Antonio Crucitti, Fabio Pacelli, Roberto Persiani, Luigi Sofo, Aurelio Picciocchi, Giovanni Battista Doglietto, Brunella Barbaro, Fabio Maria Vecchio, Riccardo Ricci, Andrea Damiani, Maria Source Type: research
Characterization of the signal transduction cascade for inflammatory gene expression in fibroblasts with ATM-ATR deficiencies after Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), which are the most critical DNA lesions impacting cellular fate. DSBs can be repaired in human cells through two major pathways: non-homologous end joining, where DNA ends are directly ligated together, and homologous recombination, which utilizes sister chromatids for DSB repair [1]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 2, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Shunji Haruna, Ken Okuda, Akiko Shibata, Mayu Isono, Kohei Tateno, Hiro Sato, Takahiro Oike, Yuki Uchihara, Yu Kato, Atsushi Shibata Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Less than whole uterus irradiation for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer
Despite the preventability of cervical cancer with the introduction of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine, cervical cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in women under the age of 40 [1]. Although the outcomes of cervical cancer are excellent for patients with early-stage disease, the 5-year disease free survival for locally advanced disease drops to around 70 %, highlighting the importance of further optimizing treatment of cervical cancer [2–8]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 2, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Caressa Hui, Agnes Ewongwo, Maria G. Mendoza, Margaret M. Kozak, Scott Jackson, Jie Fu, Elizabeth Kidd Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Neurological complications of modern radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Radiotherapy is a key pillar of multimodal treatment of non-metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC), commonly used either as a primary definitive treatment or as an adjuvant therapy following surgery [1]. The advent of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has greatly improved tumor target conformity and reduced the incidental radiation dose to surrounding normal tissues [2]. Nevertheless, the current standard of definitive radiotherapy for HNC requires the delivery of high radiation doses of up to 70 Gy to gross tumors and 50 – 60 Gy to elective anatomical regions [3,4]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 2, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: James C.H. Chow, Jason C.S. Ho, Ka Man Cheung, David Johnson, Bonaventure Y.M. Ip, Jonathan J. Beitler, Primo ž Strojan, Antti A. Mäkitie, Avraham Eisbruch, Sweet Ping Ng, Sandra Nuyts, William M. Mendenhall, Silvia Babighian, Alfio Ferlito Source Type: research
Long-term results of intraoperative multicatheter breast implant (IOMBI) for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) on early breast cancer patients
We present long-term oncological, toxicity, and cosmesis outcomes for a well-experienced single institution. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 1, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Marta Gimeno-Morales, Rafael Mart ínez-Monge, Adriana Martinez-Lage, Paola Anna Jablonska, Javier Blanco, Fernando Martínez-Regueira, Natalia Rodriguez-Spiteri, Begoña Olartecoechea, Luis Ramos, Luis Pina Insausti, Arlette Elizalde, Marta Abengozar, Ma Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Assessment of bias in scoring of AI-based radiotherapy segmentation and planning studies using modified TRIPOD and PROBAST guidelines as an example
There is a rapid increase of scientific papers on the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiation therapy [3,13,17,24]. However, with the exception of automatic segmentation for organs at risk and to some extent automated treatment planning, clinical implementation of AI models for e.g. decision support systems is low. This is partly due to the lack of large curated datasets for model building, trust and reliable human-level interpretation of these models, and consistent reproducibility of these methods for routine clinical use [7]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - March 1, 2024 Category: Radiology Authors: Coen Hurkmans, Jean-Emmanuel Bibault, Enrico Clementel, Jennifer Dhont, Wouter van Elmpt, Georgios Kantidakis, Nicolaus Andratschke Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
