Predictive factors for severe radiation-induced lung injury in patients with lung cancer and coexisting interstitial lung disease
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major treatment tools in lung cancer treatment. While RT is widely efficacious in lung cancer treatment, the risk of RT-induced lung injury (RILI) limits the safe application of RT in patients with lung cancer. The risk of RILI is especially high in patients with pre-existing interstitial lung diseases (ILD), a group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders characterized by dyspnea, radiographic lung fibrosis, and high morbidity and mortality [1]. Numerous studies have reported that patients with ILD have a high risk of developing severe, even fatal RILI following RT [2 –4]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 15, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Shin-Hyung Park, Jae Kwang Lim Conceptualizatin, Min Kyu Kang, Jongmoo Park, Chae Moon Hong, Chang Ho Kim, Seung Ick Cha, Jaehee Lee, Seoung-Jun Lee, Jae-Chul Kim Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Which tumour factors preclude organ preservation in patients with rectal cancer?
The watch-and-wait (w&w) strategy is increasingly adopted as a routine procedure for patients with rectal cancer who achieve clinical complete response (cCR) following radio(chemo)therapy. The following features identified at baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been utilized as exclusion criteria in some prospective studies on the w&w strategy: cT3cdT4, cN+, cN2, mesorectal nodes>8 mm, clinically positive lateral nodes, extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), presence of mesorectal fascia threatening (MRF+) or mucinous tumour [1 –3]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 14, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Anna Ho łdakowska, Kamila Kurkowska, Lucyna Pietrzak, Wojciech Michalski, Andrzej Rutkowski, Tomasz Olesiński, Anna Cencelewicz, Martin Rydziński, Joanna Socha, Krzysztof Bujko Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Uncertainty-aware MR-based CT synthesis for robust proton therapy planning of brain tumour
Proton therapy, a state-of-the-art technology in radiotherapy, is garnering increasing attention. Its exceptional characteristic of high-dose conformity underscores the critical importance of accurately representing the patient's geometry in proton therapy planning. Consequently, obtaining the most up-to-date geometric model of the patient through frequent daily imaging is essential to harness the full potential of proton physics. Meanwhile, MR-based radiotherapy has emerged as an auspicious approach, marked by the commercialization of the MR-Linac technology and its active clinical implementation. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 14, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Xia Li, Renato Bellotti, Gabriel Meier, Barbara Bachtiary, Damien Weber, Antony Lomax, Joachim Buhmann, Ye Zhang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with about 3,000 new cases diagnosed each year. [1] Prognosis is poor, and the 5-year relative survival rate is 12%. [2] (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 14, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Jacob Y. Shin, Michael Offin, Charles B. Simone II, Zhigang Zhang, Annemarie F. Shepherd, Abraham J. Wu, Narek Shaverdian, Daphna Y. Gelblum, Daniel R. Gomez, Jennifer L. Sauter, Michelle S. Ginsberg, Prasad S. Adusumilli, Valerie W. Rusch, Marjorie G. Za Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Radiologic extranodal extension for nodal staging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Extranodal extension (ENE) is a major determinant of outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer as reflected in the addition of ENE to the most recent nodal (N) staging system for squamous cell carcinoma [1,2]. The detection of ENE for N staging is based on pathological stage at surgery, but for those cancers treated by radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy, clinical fixation is used as the surrogate marker. Unfortunately, clinical examination provides only a crude assessment of ENE and therefore radiological ENE is gaining importance in clinical management and hence, may be included in the most advanced stage of nodal di...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 12, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Qi Yong H. Ai, Ann D. King, Hui Yuan, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Frankie K.F. Mo, Kuo Feng Hung, Edwin P. Hui, Dora Lai-Wan Kwong, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Brigette B.Y. Ma Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Deep learning MRI-only synthetic-CT generation for pelvis, brain and head and neck cancers
The potential benefits of magnetic resonance (MR)-only radiotherapy treatment planning have been well documented, as has the need to generate synthetic-CT (sCT) datasets to allow treatment dose to be calculated [1 –3]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 12, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: David Bird, Richard Speight, Sebastian Andersson, Jenny Wingqvist, Bashar Al-Qaisieh Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Radio-chemotherapy of glioblastoma cells promotes phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro
Glioblastoma (GBM) has a dismal prognosis with current standard of care composed of surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide (RT-TMZ). Therefore, new approaches are needed to improve patient prognosis. Immunotherapy reached impressive breakthroughs in recent years by reinvigorating anti-tumoral T cell activity through immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) showed their efficacy first in melanoma, and now multiple inhibitors are approved for many different ca...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 8, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Marc Lecoultre, Sylvie Chliate, Felipe I. Espinoza, Stoyan Tankov, Val érie Dutoit, Paul R. Walker Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Integration of dosimetric parameters, clinical factors, and radiomics to predict symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients undergoing combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) has gained significant traction in treating advanced cancers [1]. However, both ICIs and TRT are independent causative factors for pneumonitis, which can lead to unexpectedly high incidences of radiation pneumonitis (RP) with combinatorial therapy [2,3]. To this extent, our previous study (of patients receiving ICIs prior to TRT) revealed a 40% rate of symptomatic grade ≥2 RP, including two fatalities [4]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 7, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Tingting Nie, Zien Chen, Jun Cai, Shuangquan Ai, Xudong Xue, Mengting Yuan, Chao Li, Liting Shi, Yulin Liu, Vivek Verma, Jianping Bi, Guang Han, Zilong Yuan Source Type: research
Reproducibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck cancer assessed on a 1.5 T MR-Linac and comparison to parallel measurements on a 3 T diagnostic scanner
Hybrid MR-Linacs (MRLs), which combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a linear accelerator, were clinically introduced in recent years [1 –4]. This innovative radiotherapy (RT) technology enables the acquisition of anatomical MRI before and during RT for daily online treatment adaptation, with the potential to reduce doses to organs at risk (OAR) [5–7]. Furthermore, MRLs not only allow for the acquisition of longitudinal anatomica l but also functional MRI during the course of RT [8,9]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 6, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Jonas Habrich, Simon Boeke, Victor Fritz, Elisa Koerner, Konstantin Nikolaou, Fritz Schick, Cihan Gani, Daniel Zips, Daniela Thorwarth Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Radiotherapy to reinvigorate immunotherapy activity after acquired resistance in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of two institutions prospective phase II single arm trials
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have significantly improved the outcome of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).[1,2] Patients with NSCLC treated with ICI, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, are surviving longer as compared to patients receiving chemotherapy alone,[3 –9] with 5-year overall survival (OS) rates as high as 15-30%.[10,11] (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 6, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Ilinca Popp, Rianne D.W. Vaes, Lotte Wieten, Sonja Adebahr, Lizza Hendriks, Elham Bavafaye Haghighi, Juliette Degens, Henning Sch äfer, Christine Greil, Stéphanie Peeters, Cornelius F. Waller, Ruud Houben, Gabriele Niedermann, Justyna Rawluk, Eleni Gkik Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Omission of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery for biologically favourable tumours in younger patients: the wrong answer to the right question
In this perspective paper, the findings of the recently published LUMINA study are critically evaluated, with an emphasis on the need for cautious interpretation and a nuanced approach in clinical practice. The LUMINA trial, which investigates the role of adjuvant endocrine therapy in low-risk breast cancer patients, is assessed for its limitations, including a highly selective patient cohort and an insufficient follow-up period.Questions are raised about the arbitrary nature of certain trial criteria, such as the Ki67 cut-off and oestrogen receptor positivity threshold, and their suitability for defining treatment protoco...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 5, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Icro Meattini, Gustavo Nader Marta, Susan Carroll, Sofia Rivera, Gillian Lamoury, Francesca De Felice, Matteo Lambertini, Lorenzo Livi, Orit Kaidar-Person, Philip Poortmans Source Type: research
Radiation-induced long-term dysphagia in survivors of head and neck cancer and association with dose-volume parameters
In head and neck cancer (HNC), late effects are commonly defined as side effects that occur or persist more than three months post-treatment [1,2]. Dysphagia is one of the most serious late effects following radiotherapy (RT) in HNC [3,4], and may impact survivors ’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [5,6]. It can lead to changes in meal routines, malnutrition, feeding tube dependence, aspiration-related airway infections, psychological distress, and social isolation [4,5,7,8]. Information about the impact of long-term (>5 years) dysphagia is scarce, as the literature primarily addresses the first years post-treatmen...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 5, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Thuy-Tien Maria Huynh, Einar Dale, Ragnhild S ørum Falk, Taran Paulsen Hellebust, Guro Lindviksmoen Astrup, Eirik Malinen, Nina Frederike Jeppesen Edin, Kristin Bjordal, Bente Brokstad Herlofson, Cecilie Essholt Kiserud, Åslaug Helland, Cecilie Delphin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Prostate volume variation during 1.5T MR-guided adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and correlation with treatment toxicity
In the last years, Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment option for localized prostate cancer (PCa) in low and intermediate-risk patients, by producing comparable results to conventional and softly-hypofractionated schedules [1 –3]. Prostate SBRT requires high precision in patients' positioning to ensure an accurate dose delivery. Prostate SBRT is generally characterized by a low rate of side effects, and few predictive factors are available to identify the early onset of symptoms [4]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 4, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Luca Nicosia, Paolo Ravelli, Michele Rigo, Niccol ò Giaj-Levra, Rosario Mazzola, Edoardo Pastorello, Francesco Ricchetti, Andrea Gaetano Allegra, Ruggero Ruggieri, Filippo Alongi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Sole brachytherapy for inoperable, recurrent, and irradiated salivary gland cancer
Salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are rare and heterogeneous, accounting for less than 5% of head and neck malignancies and comprise over 20 distinct subtypes. These tumours vary in histology, behaviour, and treatment response, and therefore present challenges in clinical decisions. Surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy remains the first-line treatment while unmet needs exist [1,2]. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 1, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Zhong Yiwei, Lyu Xiaoming, Huang Mingwei, Zheng Lei, Liu Shuming, Shi Yan, Wu Wenjie, Zhang Jie, Zhang Jianguo Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Recommendation on the technical and dosimetric data to be included in stereotactic body radiation therapy clinical trial publications based on a systematic review
Clinical trials in radiation oncology allow to collect structured and high-quality data from both a disease control and side effect point of view. Radiation therapy is a highly technologically evolved treatment modality in which all the specific components of a patient ’s treatment course, including simulation, treatment planning, image guidance and treatment delivery, have an impact on the patient outcomes and therefore, on the trial results if radiotherapy is part of the trial [1]. In particular, in radiation oncology, the introduction of new technologies such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) [2–4] and...
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 1, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Nicholas Hardcastle, Mirjana Josipovic, Enrico Clementel, Victor Hernandez, Gregory Smyth, Manuela Gober, Lotte Wilke, David Eaton, St éphanie Josset, Smaro Lazarakis, Jordi Saez, Laure Vieillevigne, Nuria Jornet, Pietro Mancosu Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
