Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Long acting β2-agonist's activation of cyclic AMP cannot halt ongoing mitogenic stimulation in airway smooth muscle cells
This study compared the anti-proliferative effect of LABA in human primary ASMC, in situations where LABA were applied before, together, or after platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). Cells obtained from controls (n = 5), and asthma patients (n = 5) were stimulated by PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml) before or after the application of formoterol or salmeterol. Proliferation was determined by direct cell counts over three days, cell cycle control proteins p21(Waf1/Cip1), p27(Kip1), signalling proteins Erk1/2 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) were detected by immuno-blotting. PDGF-BB induced proliferation was s...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - March 13, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Pharmacological characterization of the interaction between tiotropium bromide and olodaterol on human bronchi and small airways
In this study we have characterized the interaction between the LAMA, tiotropium bromide, and the LABA, olodaterol, on the contractile tone of human medium bronchi and small airways. The response to a combination of tiotropium bromide and olodaterol was assessed at sub-maximal contractile tone induced by carbachol. The duration of action was studied in tissue contracted by transmural stimulation. Relaxation of bronchial tone was expressed as % of maximal response to papaverine. Drug interactions were analyzed by the Bliss Independence method and Unified Theory. Tiotropium bromide/olodaterol combinations induced a significa...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - March 12, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Targeting C-fibers for peripheral acting anti-tussive drugs
Publication date: Available online 11 March 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Mayur J. Patil, Hui Sun, Fei Ru, Sonya Meeker, Bradley J. UndemAbstractActivation of vagal C-fibers is likely involved in some types of pathological coughing, especially coughing that is associated with airway inflammation. This is because stimulation of vagal C-fibers leads to strong urge to cough sensations, and because C-fiber terminals can be strongly activated by mediators associated with airway inflammation. The most direct manner in which a given mediator can activate a C-fiber terminal is through interacting with...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - March 11, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Antitussive therapy: A role for levodropropizine
Publication date: Available online 11 March 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Surinder Birring, Francesco de Blasio, Peter Dicpinigaitis, Giovanni Fontana, Luigi Lanata, Clive Page, Federico Saibene, Alessandro ZanasiAbstractCough is a protective reflex that serves to clear the airways of excessive secretions and foreign matter and which sometimes becomes excessive, and troublesome to patients. Cough is one of the most common reasons why individuals seek medical attention. A range of drugs have been developed in the past with antitussive activity and different mechanisms of action, but there are s...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - March 11, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Why chronic cough in children is different
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Ahmad Kantar, Manuela SeminaraAbstractRecently, there have been robust changes in our knowledge of the neurophysiology of cough and novel clinical etiologies. Specifically, cough hypersensitivity in adults and protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children have been increasingly investigated, and differences between chronic cough in children and adults have been widely reported. In young children, postinfectious cough, bronchiectasis, airway malacia, PBB, and asthma appear to be the main causes of cough; however, by ad...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - March 6, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: April 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 55Author(s): (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - March 6, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Chronic cough and obesity
Publication date: Available online 25 February 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Laurent GuilleminaultAbstractWith respective prevalence of 13% and 9.6%, obesity and chronic cough are two common conditions worldwide. The crucial role of obesity has been highlighted in the development and progression of many respiratory diseases. According to the results of epidemiological studies, obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, may also be associated with chronic cough (CC). CC seems to be more severe in obese patients compared to normal-weight subjects. The management of CC may differ slightly in obese ...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 26, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Non-pharmacological interventions for chronic cough: The past, present and future
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): S. Chamberlain Mitchell, J. Ellis, S. Ludlow, A. Pandyan, S.S. BirringAbstractNon-pharmacological interventions have been explored in people with refractory chronic cough. Normally delivered by Physiotherapists and or Speech and Language Therapists, these interventions aim to educate patients about their cough, provide them with cough suppression techniques and breathing exercises, improve vocal/laryngeal hydration and psychoeducational counselling to help them gain greater control of their cough. Six key studies have...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 25, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Aminophylline increases parasternal muscle action in awake canines
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Jenny V. Suneby Jagers, Michael Ji, Bruce Rothwell, Paul A. EastonAbstractThe traditional theophylline bronchodilator, aminophylline, is still widely used, especially in the treatment of COPD. The effects of aminophylline on ventilation and action of the costal diaphragm have been previously defined, but other respiratory muscles – notably the chest wall, are not well determined. Therefore, we investigated the effects of aminophylline on the Parasternal intercostal, a key obligatory inspiratory muscle, examining mus...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 22, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Precision-cut lung slices from bleomycin treated animals as a model for testing potential therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
In this study we have described precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) prepared from bleomycin treated mice as an in vitro model for testing of novel compounds with antifibrotic activity. We have shown that PCLS during in vitro incubation retain characteristics of bleomycin model with increased expression of fibrosis related genes ACTA2 (α-smooth muscle actin), COL1A1 (collagen 1), FN1 (fibronectin 1), MMP12 (matrix metalloproteinase 12) and TIMP1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases). To further evaluate PCLS as an in vitro model, we have tested ALK5 inhibitor SB525334 which was previously shown to attenuate fibrosis in in ...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 15, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Cough in exercise and athletes
Publication date: Available online 13 February 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Louis-Philippe Boulet, Julie TurmelAbstractIn the general population, particularly in individuals with asthma, cough is a common symptom, often reported after exertion, although regular exercise may be associated with a reduction in the prevalence of cough. In athletes, exercise-induced cough is also a particularly frequent symptom. The main etiologies of cough in athletes are somewhat similar to non-athletes, including asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness, upper airways disorders such as allergic or non-allergic rhiniti...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 14, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Heterogeneity of cough neurobiology: Clinical implications
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Stuart B. Mazzone, Michael J. FarrellAbstractCough is an important protective mechanism for clearing the airways but becomes a troublesome, and often difficult to treat, symptom in respiratory disease. Although cough can be produced as a reflex in response to the presence of irritants within the airways, emerging research demonstrates an unappreciated complexity in the peripheral and central neural systems that regulate cough. This complexity includes multiple primary sensory neurons that can induce or facilitate refl...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 12, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Inhalable dry powder prepared from folic acid-conjugated docetaxel liposomes alters pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties relevant to lung cancer chemotherapy
In this study, we compared the physicochemical property, anti-cancer activity, tumor targeting and pharmacokinetic behavior of docetaxel-loaded folic acid-conjugated liposomes (LPs-DTX-FA) with those of dry powder prepared by co-spray-drying LPs-DTX-FA. The particle size and PDI after re-dispersion of the powder were increased. The re-dispersed liposomes showed increased cellular uptake via micropinocytosis and exhibited higher cytotoxicity than LPs-DTX-FA. Tumor targeting of re-dispersed liposomes was less effective compared with LPs-DTX-FA but the metabolism of re-dispersed liposomes was decreased. Tracheal administratio...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 8, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Cough in pulmonary tuberculosis: Existing knowledge and general insights
Publication date: Available online 1 February 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Richard Douglas TurnerAbstractCough is a prominent symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), one of the oldest and most prevalent infectious diseases. Coughing probably has a pivotal role in transmission of the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite this, little research to date has addressed this subject. Current knowledge of the mechanisms of cough in TB and how exactly coughing patterns predict infectiousness is scant, but this is changing. This overview summarises the existing evidence for the infecti...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 2, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

SUMOylation of Vps34 by SUMO1 promotes phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating autophagy in pulmonary arterial hypertension
In this study, we explored the role of SUMO1 in the dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH in vivo and in vitro.ResultsIn a mouse model of hypoxic PAH, SUMO1 expression was significantly increased, which was associated with activation of autophagy (increased LC3b and decreased p62), dedifferentiation of pulmonary arterial VSMCs (reduced α-SMA, SM22 and SM-MHC), and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Similar results were obtained in a MCT-induced PAH model. Overexpression of SUMO1 significantly increased VSMC proliferation, migration, hypoxia-...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - January 28, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research