Associations among Maternal Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Pregnancy and Hair Cortisol in Pregnancy
Dysregulation of the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) in pregnancy has been hypothesized to impact fetal development negatively, with potentially long-term consequences. Studies have linked prenatal exposure to disrupted cortisol levels in utero to numerous maladaptive outcomes across the lifespan, including poor fetal physical development and child health problems; disrupted HPAA functioning; cortical thinning evident into childhood; poorer cognitive and motor development; elevated negative affectivity and difficult temperament in infancy and toddlerhood; greater emotional and behavior problems in child...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Georgios Sideridis, Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu, Farida Nentin, Elizabeth A. Howell, Blake A. Le Grand, Rosalind J. Wright Source Type: research

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(Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

From serendipity to clinical relevance: How clinical psychology and neuroscience converged to illuminate psychoneuroendocrinology
The field of psychoneuroendocrinology has matured and flourished as an amalgam of neuroscience, neuroendocrinology and endocrinology, immunology and psychology. Dirk Hellhammer ’ remarkable contributions and that of his many successful trainees have converged with the research interests of my laboratory – he from clinical psychology and my laboratory from cell biology, neuroscience and neuroendocrinology. Here I summarize my own path that has led to this convergence an d, in so doing, provide an overview of some molecular as well as behavioral and physiological aspect of stress psychoneuroendocrinology and the key role...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Bruce S. McEwen, Alfred E. Mirsky Source Type: research

Relations of combat stress and posttraumatic stress disorder to 24-hour plasma and cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels and circadian rhythmicity
Psychoneuroimmunological research offers mounting evidence of a bi-directional communication between the human immune and stress systems both centrally and peripherally, i.e., through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (Webster Marketon and Glaser, 2008). Acute and chronic stress can lead to a disrupted interplay between these two systems with consequent over-activation and/or dysfunctional regulation of the systemic and local immune response (Dhabhar, 2014; Glaser and Kiecolt-Glaser, 2005; Menard et al., 2017). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Agorastos Agorastos, Richard L. Hauger, Donald A. Barkauskas, Imanuel R. Lerman, Tobias Moeller-Bertram, Clara Snijders, Uzair Haji, Piyush M. Patel, Thomas D. Geracioti, George P. Chrousos, Dewleen G. Baker Source Type: research

Pregnancy Anxiety Predicts Shorter Gestation in Latina and Non-Latina White Women: The Role of Placental Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone
Pregnancy anxiety, an emotional state rooted in concerns specific to the current pregnancy, has been implicated in the etiology of preterm birth and shortened length of gestation (Dole, Savitz, Hertz-Picciotto, Siega-Riz, McMahon,& Buekens, 2003; Kramer, et al., 2009; Lobel et al., 2008; Rini, Dunkel Schetter, Wadhwa,& Sandman, 1999; Rini, Dunkel Schetter, Wadhwa,& Sandman, 1999). Pregnancy anxiety refers to worries and fears experienced by pregnant women about their current pregnancy, including concern about the health of the baby, childbirth, health-care experiences, labor and delivery, and the maternal role (Dunkel Sche...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Isabel F. Ramos, Christine M. Guardino, Maxwell Mansolf, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman, Calvin J. Hobel, Christine Dunkel Schetter Source Type: research

The corticosteroid prednisolone increases amygdala and insula reactivity to food approach signals in healthy young men
Short and long-term treatment with corticosteroids is widely used in clinical practice. Their chronic application not only elicits the well-documented positive responses on therapeutic targets but frequently induces features of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. One of its main features is abdominally centered weight gain accompanied by features of the metabolic syndrome like hypertension and insulin resistance. These unwanted effects vary dependent on the dose and on the individual ’s sensitivity to glucocorticoids. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Georg Serfling, Maci à Buades-Rotger, Birgit Harbeck, Ulrike M. Krämer, Georg Brabant Source Type: research

Salivary C-reactive protein among at-risk adolescents: A methods investigation of out of range immunoassay data
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a rapid systemic inflammatory responder to infection and tissue damage, supporting the immune system by killing and clearing pathogens from the body (Black et al., 2004). Inflammatory markers such as CRP are increasingly used in human clinical research as tools to measure exposure to various forms of psychological stress, biological responses to treatment interventions, and risk for medical issues such as cardiovascular disease (CVD; Ridker et al., 1998; Ridker et al., 2003). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: E.R. Landau, J. Trinder, J.G. Simmons, M. Raniti, M. Blake, J.M. Waloszek, L. Blake, O. Schwartz, G. Murray, N.B. Allen, M.L. Byrne Source Type: research

Metabolic-inflammatory status as predictor of clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up in patients with first episode psychosis
Metabolic abnormalities and peripheral inflammation have been increasingly reported in patients with psychosis, often already at illness onset (Hepgul et al., 2012; Pillinger et al., 2017b; Russell et al., 2015). The combination of overweight, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and peripheral immune activation can lead to severe cardiovascular diseases, like metabolic syndrome, and to increased mortality in patients with psychosis (Leonard et al., 2012; Ringen et al., 2014). However, the consequences of this abnormal metabolic-inflammatory state for the psychiatric/mental health clinical outcome in patients at the onset of psyc...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maria Antonietta Nettis, Giulio Pergola, Anna Kolliakou, Jennifer O ’Connor, Stefania Bonaccorso, Anthony David, Fiona Gaughran, Marta Di Forti, Robin M. Murray, Tiago Reis Marques, Giuseppe Blasi, Alessandro Bertolino, Carmine M. Pariante, Paola Dazzan Source Type: research

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(Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Prenatal maternal psychopathology and stress and offspring HPA axis function at 6 years
Many intrauterine exposures are known to influence the physical and mental health of the offspring (Barker, 2004; Van den Bergh, 2011). Maternal psychopathology and stress during pregnancy are among the most common intrauterine exposures associated with a negative impact on the offspring ’s health (Ding et al., 2014; Woody et al., 2017). Exposure to maternal psychopathology or stress during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth and low birth weight (Grote et al., 2010). In the long-term, maternal psychopathology or stress during pregnancy is related to behavioral, emotional, cognitive and motor problems in childhood...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: N.M. Molenaar, H. Tiemeier, E.F.C. van Rossum, M.H.J. Hillegers, C.L.H. Bockting, W.J.G. Hoogendijk, E.L. van den Akker, M.P. Lambregtse-van den Berg, H. El Marroun Source Type: research

Exploring the fMRI based neural correlates of the dot probe task and its modulation by sex and body odor
Human attention is both stimulus and control driven, i.e. both the salience of stimuli and the motivation / goal of the perceiver have an impact in the control of attention (Yantis and Egeth, 1999; Corbetta and Shulman, 2002). To investigate such attention capture especially with respect to stimulus driven attention, the dot probe task (MacLeod et al., 1986) was developed which assesses attentional biases induced by the presence of emotional and non-emotional stimuli. Commonly, participants have to detect a non-emotional target (dot probe) which is preceded by irrelevant cues. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jonas Hornung, Hannes Noack, Lydia Kogler, Birgit Derntl Source Type: research

Glucose and lipid-related biomarkers and the antidepressant response to infliximab in patients with treatment-resistant depression
Depression is a heterogenous and widespread disorder with a lifetime prevalence>20% (Hasin et al., 2018) that confers increased risk for medical illnesses which are known to be associated with inflammation, obesity and/or metabolic dysregulation including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer (Currier and Nemeroff, 2014; Musselman et al., 2003; Musselman et al., 1998). In this regard, 30-50% of patients with depression are reported to have high levels of inflammatory markers, including the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as high body mass index (BMI), and/or markers of metabolic dysregulation,...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mandakh Bekhbat, Karen Chu, Ngoc-Anh Le, Bobbi J. Woolwine, Ebrahim Haroon, Andrew H. Miller, Jennifer C. Felger Source Type: research

Racial discrimination, educational attainment, and biological dysregulation among midlife african american women
In the U.S., experiences of social stress associated with race and gender intersect to perpetuate and exacerbate poor health outcomes for women of color, particularly African Americans (Geronimus, 1996; Jackson, 2005; Jackson et al., 2001). African American (AA) women are disproportionately burdened by the simultaneous dysregulation of multiple physiologic systems (Chyu and Upchurch, 2011; Duru et al., 2012; Geronimus et al., 2006; Upchurch et al., 2015), commonly referred to as allostatic load or cumulative biological risk. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Amani M. Nuru-Jeter, Marilyn D. Thomas, Eli K. Michaels, Alexis N. Reeves, Uche Okoye, Melisa M. Price, Rebecca E. Hasson, S. Leonard Syme, David H. Chae Source Type: research

Low serum concentration of free triiodothyronine (FT3) is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer ’s disease
Thyroid hormone (TH) receptors are widely expressed in the brain (Wallis et al., 2010). THs are essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) during perinatal growth, and also influence the adult CNS by promoting neurogenesis, myelination and cellular repair (Lin et al., 2011; Remaud et al., 2014). Late in life, serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and unbound levels of the bioactive triiodothyronine (T3) decline, while free levels of thyroxine (T4), often viewed as a prohormone to T3, are maintained (Boelaert, 2013). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Patrick Quinlan, Alexandra Horvath, Anders Wallin, Johan Svensson Source Type: research

Innate Immune Activation and Depressive and Anxious Symptoms across the Peripartum: An Exploratory Study
Perinatal depressive and anxious symptoms affect up to 15% of women in high-income countries and 20-40% of women in the developing world (Gaynes et al., 2005; World Health Organization, 2009); they can be debilitating and result in adverse outcomes for both mother and child (Skogen& Overland, 2012; Bianco-Miatto et al., 2017). Research on the pathophysiology of perinatal depression and anxiety has focused on hormonal imbalance, the role of monoamines, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (Gold and Chrousos, 2002; Kammerer et al., 2006), and contributions of the immune system (Osborne& Monk, 2013; ...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - August 31, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lauren M. Osborne, Gayane Yenokyan, Kezhen Fei, Thomas Kraus, Thomas Moran, Catherine Monk, Rhoda Sperling Source Type: research