Cognitive working memory training (CWMT) in adolescents suffering from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A controlled trial taking into account concomitant medication effects.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent disorder, affecting about 5% of children, with no evidence of an increase over the three last decades (Polanczyk et al., 2014). It is a persistent neurobiological disorder caused by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors affecting brain networks, leading to emotional and behavioral disturbances, functional impairments, as well as academic failures (e.g., Barkley et al., 2006; Biederman et al., 2017; Francx et al., 2016; van Lieshout et al., 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sandie Ackermann, Olivier Halfon, Eleonora Fornari, S ébastien Urben, Michel Bader Source Type: research

A pilot study of early onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: symptom dimensions and association analysis with polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a phenotypically diverse neuropsychiatric condition with multifactorial background. An early age of onset ( (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eszter Kenezloi, Krisztina Lakatos, Erzsebet Zsofia Horvath, Maria Sasvari-Szekely, Zsofia Nemoda Source Type: research

An Initial Investigation of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among Male and Female Survivors of Military Sexual Trauma
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines non-suicidal self-directed violence (commonly referred to as nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI]) as a “behavior that is self-directed and deliberately results in injury or the potential for injury to oneself” (p. 21; Crosby et al., 2011). Additionally, there must be “no evidence, whether implicit or explicit, of suicidal intent” (p. 21). Similarly, the International Society for the Study o f Self-Injury (ISSS) defines NSSI as “the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned” (ISSS, 20...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ryan Holliday, Noelle B. Smith, Lindsey L. Monteith Source Type: research

More intensive probing increases the detection of social anxiety disorders in schizophrenia
Social anxiety disorders (SAD) and social anxiety symptoms (SAS) are increasingly recognized as important features of psychotic disorders. For instance, our meta-analysis (Achim et al., 2011) revealed a mean prevalence of 14.9% across 16 studies that reported the prevalence of SAD in people with schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders (SZSPD). Given that SAS can be present at the onset of the disorder and even before (Strakowski et al., 1995), these symptoms do not seem solely a consequence of having experienced a psychotic episode. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marc-Andr é Roy, Chantal Vallières, Catherine Lehoux, Louis-David Leclerc, Marie-France Demers, Amélie M. Achim Source Type: research

Motor function in an animal model with ouabain-induced bipolar disorder and comorbid anxiety behavior
Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness. Patients with bipolar disorder may suffer from episodes of mania or depression. Up to 2.5% of the population in the United States is diagnosed with bipolar disorder each year (Logan and McClung, 2016). Although not all patients with bipolar disorder show symptoms of a comorbid anxiety disorder, many patients with bipolar disorder type I have been reported to show symptoms of comorbid anxiety disorders (McIntyre et al., 2006;Turner et al., 2016). Some research has found that comorbid anxiety disorders can be associated with bipolar disorder, and this coexistence often occurs in c...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ying-Chou Wang, Ying Hao Yu, Meng-Li Tsai, Andrew Chih Wei Huang Source Type: research

A direct examination of the cognitive underpinnings of multitasking abilities: A first study examining schizophrenia
Many real world activities are of a multitasking nature that is, they involve different and integrated cognitive processes and take place in an unstructured context. To date, previous studies demonstrated that multitasking abilities are essential for real world functioning (Bulzacka et  al., 2016; Laloyaux et al., 2014; Shallice and Burgess, 1991). However, due to an absence of suitable assessment tools, these abilities have been largely unexplored in the literature. As a consequence, many issues remain unexplored such as the cognitive underpinnings of multitasking abilities. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Julien Laloyaux, Martial Van der Linden, Keith H. Nuechterlein, B énédicte Thonon, Frank Larøi Source Type: research

Prevalence of DSM-5 depressive disorders and comorbidity in Spanish early adolescents: Has there been an increase in the last 20 years?
Depression is considered by the WHO to be the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide, and has increased by more than 18% between 2005 and 2015 (WHO, 2017). Empirical evidence shows that the onset of depression during adolescence is a risk factor of chronicity and can lead to functional impairment in both the short and long term. Currently, depression is recognized by some authors (Hankin, 2015) as a neurodevelopmental disorder which, although it has a modal onset of the first episodes (commonly in the middle to late adolescence), may begin much earlier. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Josefa Canals Sans, Carmen Hern ández-Martínez, Mercé Sáez Carles, Victoria Arija Val Source Type: research

Altered levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, proBDNF and tissue plasminogen activator in children with posttraumatic stress disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex syndrome including intrusive symptoms, persistent avoidance of stimuli, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event (American  Psychiatric Association, 2013). One in six traumatized children on average is reported to have developed PTSD (Alisic et al., 2014). Among trauma types, sexual violence is most likely to be associated with PTSD (Seedat et al., 2004). Previous studies demonstrated that 37 to 53% of children wh o were exposed to sexual abuse developed PTSD (Trask et al., 2011...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sehra Aksu, Gulsen Unlu, Aysen Cetin Kardesler, Burcu Cakaloz, Hulya Aybek Source Type: research

Sleep profiles and CBT-I response in schizophrenia and related psychoses
Sleep disorders often occur in people diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. An estimated 80% display symptoms of insomnia (Soehner et al., 2013), such as complaints of insufficient sleep, difficulties getting to sleep, waking up during the sleep period, and/or early waking and being unable to go back to sleep. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vivian W. Chiu, Melissa Ree, Aleksandar Janca, Rajan Iyyalol, Milan Dragovic, Flavie Waters Source Type: research

Cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with lifetime prevalence around 4-10% (Judd and Akiskal, 2000; Kessler et  al., 2009). It has great impact on the quality of life (Saarni et al., 2007) and patient functioning (Wells et al., 1989), and is regarded as an essential factor leading to disability worldwide (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators., 2015). Besides, MDD leads to high disease burd en (GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collaborators., 2016), and has a high potential to be the first disease burden among high-income countries by 2030 (Mathers and Loncar, 2006). (...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jiamei Li, Yi Zhang, Wenjun Su, Linlin Liu, Hong Gong, Wei Peng, Chunlei Jiang Source Type: research

How well does a wellbeing measure predict psychiatric ‘caseness’ as well as suicide risk and self-harm in adolescents?
The presence of psychiatric disorders and psychological morbidity is commonly screened for by measures assessing pathological symptoms, with representative measures over recent decades including the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg  and Hillier, 1979) and the K-10 (Kessler et al., 2002). A risk to such self-report measures is that their weighting to ‘negative’ features can elicit denial, as participants often fail to report accurately on sensitive topics, commonly reflecting the impact of widely recognized social desir ability bias and denial biases. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gordon Parker, Isabelle Granville Smith, Amelia Paterson, Mia Romano, Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic, Tahlia Ricciardi Source Type: research

Quality of life in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia are more likely to have physical comorbidities, impaired cognitive and occupational functioning, frequent hospitalizations, high treatment costs, and increased risk of suicide and mortality, (Dickerson  et al., 2017; Latham and Kirkpatrick, 2017; Sugawara et al., 2012; Teraishi et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2011), all of which are associated with high personal and family burden. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Li Lu, Liang-Nan Zeng, Qian-Qian Zong, Wen-Wang Rao, Chee H. Ng, Gabor S. Ungvari, Jun Li, Feng-Rong An, Yu-Tao Xiang Tags: Quality of life in schizophrenia Source Type: research

Impact of Comprehensive Treatment for First Episode Psychosis on Substance Use Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lifetime co-occurring substance use disorders are common at the time of presentation for treatment of a first episode of primary psychosis and persistent substance use disorder (SUD) leads to poorer outcomes. We assessed whether the NAVIGATE program, a coordinated specialty care service that includes optional substance abuse content reduced substance use compared to usual care in 404 individuals in the Recovery After Initial Schizophrenia Episode-Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP) study. Participants were randomized to two years of NAVIGATE (n  = 223) or usual care (n = 181) and assessed monthly for substance use....
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Corinne Cather, Mary F. Brunette, Kim T. Mueser, Steven F. Babbin, Robert Rosenheck, Christoph U. Correll, Piper Kalos-Meyer Source Type: research

Neural Processing of Social Exclusion in Individuals with Psychopathic Traits: Links to Anger and Aggression
Aggression is hostile, unfriendly behavior that often results in physical, social, and/or emotional harm. Aggressive acts entail not only tangible costs (e.g., financial; Corso et al., 2007; Waters et al., 2005), but also intangible costs (e.g., psychological; McCollister et al., 2010). A host of factors (e.g., personality traits, environmental conditions, neural dysfunction, genetics) are known to influence risk for engaging in aggression. One factor reliably linked to higher rates and severity of aggression is psychopathy (Hare& McPherson, 1984; Kruh et al., 2005; Murrie et al., 2004; Salekin et al., 1996; Serin& Amos, 1...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Grace M. Brennan, Michael Crowley, Jia Wu, Linda Mayes, Arielle R. Baskin-Sommers Source Type: research

Self- and Parent-Reported Depressive Symptoms Rated by The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire
Depressive disorders are among the five most common mental disorders for children and adolescents and affect 47 million individuals up to age 18 all over the world (Polanczyk et al., 2015). Furthermore, depression affects all age groups, even children of preschool age (Luby, 2010). Childhood and adolescent depression is associated with psychosocial impairment, delay in social and cognitive development, suicidal behaviour and alcohol and drug use (Geller et al., 2001; Rao and Chen, 2009) . (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Julie Eg, Niels Bilenberg, Elizabeth J. Costello, Rikke Wesselhoeft Source Type: research