Mutation analysis of the WNT7A gene in patients with schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic mental illness which is characterized by the presence of abnormal perceptions, thought disturbances, bizarre behaviors, and impaired cognitive function. It affects approximately 1% of the general population worldwide, and onset typically occurs in adolescence or early adulthood (Freedman, 2003). Schizophrenia is a complex disease with highly variable genetic factors as common alleles and rare mutations responsible for the onset and development of the disease (Kavanagh et al., 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tsuang-Ming Hu, Lieh-Yung Ping, Shih-Hsin Hsu, Hsin-Yao Tsai, Min-Chih Cheng Source Type: research
DNA methylation differences at the glucocorticoid receptor gene in depression are related to functional alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and to early life emotional abuse
Depression is associated with alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. A proposed mechanism to explain these alterations are changes in DNA methylation levels, secondary to early life adversity (ELA), at stress-related genes. Two gene regions that have been implicated in the literature, the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) exon 1F and the FKBP5 gene intron 7 were examined in 67 individuals (33 depressed patients and 34 controls). We investigated whether cortisol concentrations, evaluated in 25 depressed patients and 20 controls, and measures of ELA were associated with the degree of methylatio...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chlo ё Farrell, Kelly Doolin, Niamh O’ Leary, Chaitra Jairaj, Darren Roddy, Leonardo Tozzi, Derek Morris, Andrew Harkin, Thomas Frodl, Zsófia Nemoda, Moshe Szyf, Linda Booij, Veronica O'Keane Source Type: research
Self-reported nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and sex as self-injury (SASI): Relationship to abuse, risk behaviors, trauma symptoms, self-esteem and attachment
A new and relatively unexplored area of interest, potentially in the field of self-injury, has developed from recent clinical reports and testimonies from adolescents and young adults who describe deliberately using destructive sexual activities as a means of self-injury (Jenstav and Meissner, 2016; Jonsson and Lundstr öm Mattsson, 2012). The definition and conceptualization of this behavior is still at an early stage. One definitional suggestion was put forward in a report from the Swedish Children's Welfare Foundation (Jonsson and Lundström Mattsson, 2012): “when one has a pattern of seeking sexual relatio ns invol...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maria Zetterqvist, Carl G öran Svedin, Cecilia Fredlund, Gisela Priebe, Marie Wadsby, Linda S Jonsson Source Type: research
A Bayesian Model Comparison Approach to Test the Specificity of Visual Integration Impairment in Schizophrenia or Psychosis
Visual integration, the ability to combine discrete elements to form a holistic representation, underlies critical perceptual functions such as Gestalt grouping and is critical to cognitive processes within the environment (e.g., object identification, face processing; Butler et al., 2008). Deficits in visual integration are well-documented in schizophrenia (SZ) and have been shown to be related to clinical symptoms, cognition, and functional outcomes (Silverstein et al., 2006; Silverstein et al., 1996; Silverstein et al., 2000; Tso et al., 2014; Tso et al., 2012; Uhlhaas et al., 2006; Uhlhaas et al., 2005). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tyler B. Grove, Beier Yao, Savanna A. Mueller, Merranda McLaughlin, Vicki L. Ellingrod, Melvin G. McInnis, Stephan F. Taylor, Patricia J. Deldin, Ivy F. Tso Source Type: research
Cortisol response to stress in schizophrenia: associations with oxytocin, social support and social functioning
Human social life is essentially linked with the ability to adjust to stress caused by interactions with others (Flinn, 2006) and, for a number of reasons, people with schizophrenia are particularly vulnerable to stress caused by social situations (Demjaha et al., 2012). The central neurobiological mechanism that may be underlying this abnormal vulnerability to social stress likely involves both the hormone cortisol, and the neuropeptide oxytocin. Considering the lack of social support and impairments in social functioning that schizophrenia patients often experience, schizophrenia provides a relevant model to explore the ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cumhur Tas, Elliot C. Brown, Gokcer Eskikurt, Sezen Irmak, Orkun Ayd ın, Aysen Esen-Danaci, Martin Brüne Source Type: research
Minnesota Impulse Disorders Interview (MIDI): Validation of a Structured Diagnostic Clinical Interview for Impulse Control Disorders in an Enriched Community Sample
Impulsivity refers to a multitude of behaviors that are poorly thought out, hasty, risky, and that lead to untoward functional consequences (Evenden, 1999; Stanford et al., 2016). Examples of impulse control disorders include gambling disorder, trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder), kleptomania (stealing), pyromania (fire-setting), intermittent explosive disorder, compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, binge-eating disorder, and skin-picking disorder (Grant, 2008; McElroy et al., 1995). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Samuel R. Chamberlain, Jon E. Grant Source Type: research
Comparison of performance-based assessment and real world skill in people with serious mental illness: Ecological validity of the Test of Grocery Shopping Skills
Recovery from serious mental illness (SMI) often incorporates the goal of living more independently in the community. Toward this goal, treatment and rehabilitation programs often focus on skills training interventions that help individuals enhance their capacity to successfully accomplish a task or goal related to community functioning (Lyman et al., 2014). Thus, valid functional measures are essential for effective clinical and research efforts that address recovery and community functioning (Bromley and Brekke, 2010). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Laura A. Faith, Melisa V. Rempfer Source Type: research
NPAS3 exonic SNP genotype is linked to working memory performance in healthy young adults
Cognitive deficits can be functionally debilitating and are common features of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Working memory, a form of short-term memory involved in active processing of information, is essential for many diverse cognitive functions. Deficits in working memory can contribute to broader cognitive deficits that, when severe, can result in significant disability associated with various psychiatric disorders (Schwarz et al., 2015). Additionally, deficits in working memory may represent a quantifiable, heritable, subclinical vulnerability marker (endophenotype) for psychiatric disorders (Schwarz et al., ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leiah M. Luoma, Georgina Macintyre, Philip G. Tibbo, T. Cameron Wild, Ian Colman, Scot E. Purdon Source Type: research
Personality profiles are different in musician's dystonia and other isolated focal dystonias
Musician's dystonia, a task-specific form of isolated focal dystonia, presents with loss of voluntary motor control when a musician is playing his instrument (Altenm üller, 2003; Frucht et al., 2001; Jankovic and Ashoori, 2008). In addition to impaired motor function, psychological abnormalities have also been reported in musician's dystonia patients, such as increased anxiety, social and specific phobias, perfectionism and neuroticism compared to both healthy musicians and non-musician controls (Enders et al., 2011; Jabusch et al., 2004; Jabusch and Altenmüller, 2004). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susanne Steinlechner, Hans-Christian Jabusch, Eckart Altenm üller, Friederike Borngräber, Johann Hagenah, Christine Klein, Rebekka Lencer, Alexander Schmidt Source Type: research
Self-reported nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and sex as self-injury (SASI):Relationship to abuse, risk behaviors, trauma symptoms, self-esteem and attachment
A new and relatively unexplored area of interest, potentially in the field of self-injury, has developed from recent clinical reports and testimonies from adolescents and young adults who describe deliberately using destructive sexual activities as a means of self-injury (Jenstav and Meissner, 2016; Jonsson and Lundstr öm Mattsson, 2012). The definition and conceptualization of this behavior is still at an early stage. One definitional suggestion was put forward in a report from the Swedish Children's Welfare Foundation (Jonsson and Lundström Mattsson, 2012): “when one has a pattern of seeking sexual relations involvin...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maria Zetterqvist, Carl G öran Svedin, Cecilia Fredlund, Gisela Priebe, Marie Wadsby, Linda S Jonsson Source Type: research
Clinical correlates of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis measures in individuals at risk for psychosis and with first-episode psychosis
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a stress response system that has been suggested to be involved in the risk of developing a psychotic disorder (Walker et al., 2008). The diathesis-stress model has dominated theories about the pathophysiology of psychosis, suggesting a link between psychosocial stressors, glucocorticoid secretion and dopamine synthesis (Pruessner et al., 2017). For many years, several studies have reported HPA axis hyperactivity and a blunted HPA axis response to psychological stress in chronic patients with schizophrenia (Bradley and Dinan, 2010) or with first-episode psychosis (FEP) (Borg...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Javier Labad, Antonio Armario, Roser Nadal, Montse Sol é, Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes, Itziar Montalvo, Lorena Moreno-Samaniego, Lourdes Martorell, Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau, Elisabet Vilella Source Type: research
Sprint interval training (SIT) substantially reduces depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD): A randomized controlled trial
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide affecting health status more than somatic diseases such as diabetes, musculoskeletal and coronary artery disease (Moussavi et al., 2007) and should therefore be considered a public-health priority. Depression causes a distinct change of mood such as sadness or irritability and is accompanied by numerous psychophysiological alterations including disturbance in appetite and sleep, loss of ability to experience pleasure , slowing of speech and action as well as suicidal thoughts (Belmaker and Agam, 2008). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Alice Minghetti, Oliver Faude, Henner Hanssen, Lukas Zahner, Markus Gerber, Lars Donath Source Type: research
Prevalence of falls in adult and older adult psychiatric patients in China: a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies
Falls are among the top five sentinel events in psychiatric hospitals (Xu et al., 2012). Falls frequently result in physical consequences, such as fractures, injuries and head trauma (Harada, 2013; Saadat et al., 2016) and psychosocial problems, such as poor quality of life, loss of independence, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare cost (Rizzo et al., 1998; Greene et al., 2001; Stevens et al., 2006; Cox et al., 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wen-Wang Rao, Qian-Qian Zong, Grace K.I. Lok, Shi-Bin Wang, Feng-Rong An, Gabor S. Ungvari, Chee H. Ng, Yu-Tao Xiang Source Type: research
Variants in ZNF804A and DTNBP1 assessed for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia using a multiplex family-based approach
The most affected domains of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia are working memory, attention, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning, problem solving, speed of processing, and social cognition. There are shared genetic effects between schizophrenia and cognitive impairment. Zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A) and dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), had been reported as links to both schizophrenia and cognitive deficit (Burdick et al., 2006; Pae et al., 2009). Therefore, the current study utilized a multiplex family-based case-control sample to investigate associations between variants of ZNF804A and DTNBP1 cog...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tze Jen Chow, Shiau Foon Tee, Siew Yim Loh, Hoi Sen Yong, Abdul Kadir Abu Bakar, Pek Yee Tang Source Type: research
The relationship between lifestyle factors and clinical symptoms of bipolar disorder patients in a Chinese population
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and recurrent psychiatric illness associated with substantial functional impairments and premature mortality (Belmaker, 2004). Globally, the overall point-prevalence of BD is estimated to be 0.741% (Ferrari et al., 2011) and BD accounts for nearly 1,320,000 excess deaths each year (Patel et al., 2016). Data from a nationally representative survey in the U.S. demonstrated that the BD affected approximately 4.4% of people in United States (Merikangas et al., 2007) and incurred disproportionately higher costs for both patients and the mental health care system than most other mental illnesses...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jia Huang, Cheng Mei Yuan, Xian Rong Xu, Yong Wang, Wu Hong, Zuo Wei Wang, You song Su, Ying Yan Hu, Lan Cao, Yu Wang, Jun Chen, Yi Ru Fang Source Type: research
