Premorbid adjustment predictors of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia
Impairment or deterioration of academic and social premorbid adjustment (PA) from childhood to adolescence is a broadly recognized antecedent of schizophrenia (Allen et al., 2001, 2005; Cannon et al., 2002; Monte et al, 2008; Reichenberg et al., 2002, 2010). It is related to the more malignant course of the illness (Galderisi et al., 2002; Rund et al., 2007; Strauss et al., 2012), thus it is considered to be a key predictor of its clinical and psychosocial outcome (Addington and Addington, 2005; Barajas et al., 2013; MacBeth and Gumley, 2008; Rund et al., 2007). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Pentagiotissa Stefanatou, Chrysovalado-Sofia Karatosidi, Evgenia Tsompanaki, Emmanouil Kattoulas, Nicholas C Stefanis, Smyrnis Nikolaos Source Type: research
Impact of perceived course of illness on the desire for social distance towards people with symptoms of schizophrenia in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Adding to the individual burden of suffering from a mental illness, discrimination and stigmatisation of psychiatric patients and their families is a common phenomenon leading to delayed mental health care seeking and delayed treatment initiation (Dockery et al., 2015; Lauber and Rössler, 2007). In many cases, this results in a chronic course of illness (Amminger et al., 2002) as well as impaired social functioning and social isolation (Barnes et al., 2008). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lara Kim Martensen, Eric Hahn, Tien Duc Cao, Georg Schomerus, Main Huong Nguyen, Kerem B öge, Tat Dinh Nguyenb Aditya Mungee, Michael Dettling, Matthias C Angermeyer, Thi Minh Tam Ta Source Type: research
Truck Attack: Fear of ISIS and reminder of truck attacks in Europe as associated with psychological distress and PTSD symptoms
In recent years the Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has fought its wars predominantly in Muslim countries, while focusing to a lesser extent on terror attacks in western countries (Byman, 2016). Yet over a 1000 persons have been killed in ISIS terror attacks in Western countries during the past three years (see Hoffman, 2017). These attacks are broadcasted on worldwide media, with ISIS releasing media content typically claiming responsibility and warning of future attacks. The imp act of this media campaign is massive (Lowe, 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michal Mahat-Shamir, Yaakov Hoffman, Shani Pitcho-Prelorentzos, Yaira Hamama-Raz, Osnat Lavenda, Lia Ring, Uzia Halevi, Eytan Ellenberg, Ishay Ostfeld, Menachem Ben-Ezra Source Type: research
Cognitive improvement in first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls: a 6-year multi-assessment follow-up study
Cognitive impairment is a core deficit in schizophrenia. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with schizophrenia show impaired cognitive functioning across a broad array of cognitive domains including attention, executive functioning, processing speed and verbal learning (Schaefer et al., 2013). These findings are consistent both in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) (Mesholam-Gately, 2009) and in individuals with prolonged illness (Heinrichs& Zakzanis, 1998). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susie Fu, Nikolai Czajkowski, Anne-Kari Torgalsb øen Source Type: research
Association between vitamin D deficiency and depression in Nepalese population
Depression is a mental disorder which diminishes the functioning and quality of life. World Health Organization (WHO) had identified depression as a leading cause of disability worldwide affecting 300 million people (World health organization, 2017). Major depressive episodes (MDE) starts typically during early to mid-adulthood, which is the most productive part of one's life (Kessler et al., 2013). Even, when diagnosed and treated with medication the chronic recurrent nature of the disease and non-compliance to medication pose as a major challenge. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ojaswee Sherchand, Nidesh Sapkota, Rajendra K Chaudhari, Seraj A Khan, Jouslin K Baranwal, Tripti Pokhrel, Binod K L Das, Madhab Lamsal Source Type: research
Examination of the latent structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in Slovakia
The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been vigorously debated for over two decades (Armour et al., 2016b). The driving force behind these debates has been the ultimate goal of defining a reliable and valid model of PTSD that would form the basis for accurately diagnosing the disorder. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psych iatric Association [APA], 2013) defines PTSD by 20 symptoms distributed across four symptom clusters of reexperiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM) and alterations in arousal an...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jana Ross, Lada Kalisk á, Peter Halama, Petra Lajčiaková, Cherie Armour Source Type: research
Acyl-carnitine, C5DC, and C26 as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in children
Carnitine is an essential nutrient and the majority of carnitine is obtained from diet, mainly animal products. Carnitine exists in human body in the form of free carnitine and acyl-carnitine, and plays a vital role in energy production and fatty acid metabolism. Gut flora participate in the energy metabolism of the host and may have a profound influence on cell mitochondrial function and the development of neurodevelopmental diseases through short-chain fatty acids including propionic acid (PPA) and butyrate (BUT), produced by microbial metabolism (De Angelis et al., 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Qian-Qian Lv, Cong You, Xiao-Bing Zou, Hong-Zhu Deng Source Type: research
Odd and disorganized - Comparing the factor structure of the three major schizotypy inventories
The schizotypy-construct is increasingly more widely used in schizophrenia research, being considered an important endophenotype of schizophrenia (Barrantes-Vidal et al., 2015; Grant, 2015; Kwapil and Barrantes-Vidal, 2015). It represents a personality organization, ranging from healthy variation to clinical disorder and able to explain differences between various phenotypic clusters, like psychotic disorders, at-risk mental states or benign psychotic experiences (Claridge, 1997; Grant et al., 2018). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maximilian Oezgen, Phillip Grant Source Type: research
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Source: Psychiatry Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The potential protective effects of cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 on cognitive dysfunction is associated with the suppression of autophagy and inflammation in an experimental model of vascular dementia
Vascular dementia (VaD), a common dementing illness in aged people, is characterized by a progressive memory and cognitive decline (Smith, 2017). Increasing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors, including cerebral hypoperfusion (i.e., atherosclerosis, carotid artery stenosis), cerebral angiopathy (i.e., cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral small vessel disease), and cardiovascular disease (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, and h yperlipidaemia), contribute to human VaD (Iadecola, 2013). As a main vascular risk factor of VaD, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) usually induces neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Da-Peng Wang, Hang Yin, Kai Kang, Qi Lin, Shao-Hua Su, Jian Hai Source Type: research
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of CBT Interventions Based on the Fennell Model of Low Self-Esteem
Low self-esteem is a feature of several mental health disorders that has been directly treated with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of interventions for improving low self-esteem in adults by utilizing the model outlined in Fennell (1997; 1998; 1999). A literature search identified 8 studies that met the inclusion criteria of CBT-based interventions for low self-esteem using this model, 7 of which were used in a quantitative synthesis. These studies included weekly group and individual sessions and one-day workshop formats. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Daniel C. Kolubinski, Daniel Frings, Ana V. Nik čević, Jacqueline A. Lawrence, Marcantonio M. Spada Source Type: research
Distribution of ADHD symptoms, and associated comorbidity, exposure to risk factors and disability: results from a general population study
Many psychiatric disorders exist on a continuum of dimensional traits. These include panic disorder (Batelaan et al., 2007), psychotic disorder (van Os et al., 2009), and borderline personality disorder (Ten Have et al., 2016). Some somatic disorders like diabetes (Weyer et al., 2001), blood pressure (Faraone et al., 2009), and Alzheimer's dementia (Morris et al., 2001), can have been described in a similar way. The dimensional model is best understood using an iceberg metaphor: at the tip of the iceberg are the known cases with a full-blown disorder, representing one end of the dimension. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Suzan W.N. Vogel, Margreet ten Have, Denise Bijlenga, Ron de Graaf, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, J.J. Sandra Kooij Source Type: research
Cyberbullying, Positive Mental Health and Suicide Ideation/Behavior
Cyberbullying has regularly been shown to be associated with suicide ideation/behavior. The present study investigated whether positive mental health, i.e., high levels of emotional, cognitive and psychological well-being, buffers the association between cyberbullying and suicide ideation/behavior. A total of 225 students completed measures of cyberbullying, suicide ideation/behavior, and positive mental health. Positive mental health fully mediated the association between cyberbullying and suicide ideation/behavior. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Julia Brailovskaia, Tobias Teismann, J ürgen Margraf Source Type: research
Understanding Mental Health among Military Veterans in the Fire Service
Firefighters represent a unique population by virtue of their exposure to chronic stress and potentially traumatic events ([PTE], e.g., natural disasters, car accidents, terrorist attacks; (McCammon, 1996). Thus, firefighters are at heightened risk for the development of negative mental health outcomes, such as alcohol misuse, depression, suicidal thoughts/behaviors, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Haslam and Mallon, 2003; Martin et al., 2017; Stanley et al., 2016). Despite the elevated risk for psychological disturbances among firefighters, there still remains a dearth of information regarding their mental health...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brooke A. Bartlett, Lia J. Smith, Jana K. Tran, Anka A. Vujanovic Source Type: research
The Relationship Between Internet Addiction, Social Anxiety, Impulsivity, Self-esteem, and Depression in a Sample of Turkish Undergraduate Medical Students
Internet addiction, which is associated with an individual's loss of control over their internet use, is considered to be a serious mental health problem. There has been an enormous use of the internet. The use of technology by health professionals for education and clinical care is a topic of evolving interest, with the internet being used for social media, email and online medical records (Torous et al., 2014). Egle et al. (2015) demonstrated that 58% of medical students preferred electronic resources and utilized a variety of websites for medical information. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Beng ü Yücens, Ahmet Üzer Source Type: research
