The effects of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms on neurostructural changes in major depressive disorder
The serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the effects of genetic variants of the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and their interactions with MDD on cortical volume and white matter integrity. Ninety-five patients with MDD and 65 healthy participants aged 20 –65 years were recruited. The subjects were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and scanned with T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging. (Source...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - February 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kyu-Man Han, Sunyoung Choi, Aram Kim, June Kang, Eunsoo Won, Woo-Suk Tae, Young-Ku Kim, Min-Soo Lee, Byung-Joo Ham Source Type: research
Striatal Neurometabolite Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia Undergoing Long-Term Antipsychotic Treatment: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Reliability Study
Previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies have reported disrupted levels of various neurometabolites in patients with schizophrenia. An area of particular interest within this patient population is the striatum, which is highly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study examined neurometabolite levels in the striatum of 12 patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic treatment for at least 1 year and 11 healthy controls using 3-Tesla 1H-MRS (PRESS, TE=35ms). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - February 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eric Plitman, Sofia Chavez, Shinichiro Nakajima, Yusuke Iwata, Jun Ku Chung, Fernando Caravaggio, Julia Kim, Youssef Alshehri, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Vincenzo De Luca, Gary Remington, Philip Gerretsen, Ariel Graff-Guerrero Source Type: research
Reduced white matter connectivity associated with auditory verbal hallucinations in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor imaging study
This study aims to explore whether auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia are associated with the white matter abnormalities in tracts connecting language, auditory and memory/limbic networks in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients. 21 first-episode (FE-AVH) and 12 chronic (chronic-AVH group) patients who suffered from auditory verbal hallucinations and 26 healthy controls (HC group) were enrolled. Diffusion tensor imaging with tract-based spatial statistics was performed to assess the white matter changes between the two patient groups and HC group. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 21, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xiaoling Zhang, Jie Gao, Feng Zhu, Wei Wang, Yajuan Fan, Qingyan Ma, Xiancang Ma, Jian Yang Source Type: research
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes after lithium treatment. Systematic review
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is widely used in the research of psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. 1H MRS evaluates the concentration or ratios of several compounds (metabolites), which play important roles in brain metabolism: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline containing compounds (Cho), myoinositol (mI), glutamate/glutamine/GABA compounds (Glx) and creatine (Cr). Numerous studies have indicated that these metabolites are altered in psychosis. NAA has been the most investigated metabolite. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Agata Szulc, Magdalena Wiedlocha, Napoleon Waszkiewicz, Beata Gali ńska-Skok, Piotr Marcinowicz, Jacek Gierus, Anna Mosiolek Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Preliminary mapping of the structural effects of age in pediatric bipolar disorder with multimodal MR imaging
This study investigates multimodal structural MR imaging biomarkers of development trajectories in pediatric bipolar disorder. T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging was conducted to investigate cross-sectional group differences with age between typically developing controls (N=26) and youths diagnosed with bipolar disorder (N=26). Region-based analysis was used to examine cortical thickness of gray matter and diffusion tensor parameters in superficial white matter, and tractography-based analysis was used to examine deep white matter fiber bundles. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ryan P Cabeen, David H Laidlaw, Amanda Ruggieri, Daniel P Dickstein Source Type: research
GABA and glutamate in children with Tourette syndrome: A 1H MR spectroscopy study at 7T
Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by presence of chronic, fluctuating motor and phonic tics. The underlying neurobiological basis for these movements is hypothesized to involve cortical-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) pathways. Two major neurotransmitters within these circuits are γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Seventy-five participants (32 with TS, 43 controls) ages 5–12 years completed 1H MRS at 7T. GABA and glutamate were measured in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), premotor cortex (PMC), and striatum, and metabo lites quantified using LCModel. (Source:...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: E. Mark Mahone, Nicolaas A. Puts, Richard A.E. Edden, Matthew Ryan, Harvey S. Singer Source Type: research
GABA and Glutamate in Children with Tourette syndrome: A 1H MR Spectroscopy Study at 7 T
Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by presence of chronic, fluctuating motor and phonic tics. The underlying neurobiological basis for these movements is hypothesized to involve cortical-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) pathways. Two major neurotransmitters within these circuits are γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Seventy-five participants (32 with TS, 43 controls) ages 5–12 years completed 1H MRS at 7T. GABA and glutamate were measured in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), premotor cortex (PMC), and striatum, and metabo lites quantified using LCModel. (Source:...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: E. Mark Mahone, Nicolaas A. Puts, Richard A.E. Edden, Matthew Ryan, Harvey S. Singer Source Type: research
Frontal activity measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in patients taking different atypical antipsychotic drugs: A cross-sectional study
Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we examined changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) in the frontal lobe during a verbal fluency task in 20 patients with schizophrenia (10 patients each receiving olanzapine [OLZ] and risperidone [RIS]) and 10 healthy controls. We found that [oxy-Hb] levels in the prefrontal region were higher in the patients receiving OLZ than in those receiving RIS. These results suggest that antipsychotic drugs have different effects on cerebral hemodynamic patterns, which may reflect frontal lobe function. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Soichi Kono, Itaru Miura, Sachie Oshima, Masayuki Hikita, Akira Wada, Rieko Suzuki, Shin-Ichi Niwa, Hirooki Yabe Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Altered Regional and Integrated Resting-state Brain Activity in General Social Anxiety Disorder Patients before and after Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy
We aimed to investigate the recovery neuromechanism underlying the treatment efficacy in generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD). We recruited fifteen patients with GSAD and nineteen healthy control (HC) participants, all of whom underwent a baseline resting-state fMRI scan. The GSAD patients underwent an additional fMRI scan after group cognitive behavior therapy (GCBT). Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) measures were used to examine altered regional and integrated spontaneous brain activity in group comparisons. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 15, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Minlan Yuan, Hongru Zhu, Changjian Qiu, Yajing Meng, Yan Zhang, Zhengjia Ren, Yuchen Li, Cui Yuan, Meng Gao, Su Lui, Qiyong Gong, Wei Zhang Source Type: research
The effect of intranasal oxytocin on neural response to facial emotions in healthy adults as measured by functional MRI: A systematic review
Abnormalities in responses to human facial emotions are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders. Addressing these abnormalities may therefore have significant clinical applications. Previous meta-analyses have demonstrated effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin on behavioural response to facial emotions, and effects on brain, as measured by functional MRI. Evidence suggests that these effects may be mediated by sex and the role of eye gaze. However, the specific effect of oxytocin on brain response to facial emotions in healthy adults has not been systematically analysed. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: John Tully, Anthony S. Gabay, Danielle Brown, Declan G.M. Murphy, Nigel Blackwood Source Type: research
sThe effect of intranasal oxytocin on neural response to facial emotions in healthy adults as measured by functional MRI: a systematic review
Abnormalities in responses to human facial emotions are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders. Addressing these abnormalities may therefore have significant clinical applications. Previous meta-analyses have demonstrated effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin on behavioural response to facial emotions, and effects on brain, as measured by functional MRI. Evidence suggests that these effects may be mediated by sex and the role of eye gaze. However, the specific effect of oxytocin on brain response to facial emotions in healthy adults has not been systematically analysed. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: John Tully, Anthony S. Gabay, Danielle Brown, Declan Murphy, Nigel Blackwood Source Type: research
Higher order thalamic nuclei resting network connectivity in early schizophrenia and major depressive disorder
The pulvinar and the mediodorsal (MDN) nuclei of the thalamus are higher order nuclei which have been implicated in directed effort and corollary discharge systems. We used seed-based resting fMRI to examine functional connectivity to bilateral pulvinar and MDN in 24 schizophrenic patients (SZ), 24 major depressive disorder patients (MDD), and 24 age-matched healthy controls. SZ had less connectivity than controls between the left pulvinar and precuneus, left ventral-lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and superior and medial-frontal regions, between the right pulvinar and right frontal pole, and greater connectivity betwee...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jacob Penner, Elizabeth A. Osuch, Betsy Schaefer, Jean Th éberge, Richard W.J. Neufeld, Ravi S. Menon, Nagalingam Rajakumar, James A. Bourne, Peter C. Williamson Source Type: research
Brain functional and perfusional alterations in schizophrenia: an arterial spin labeling study
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects the anatomy and function of the brain, with an impact on one's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The purpose of the study was to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain connectivity in a group of patients with schizophrenia. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) images were acquired from 28 patients in treatment and 28 age-matched healthy controls. Mean CBF and connectivity patterns were assessed. Schizophrenia patients had decreased CBF in the bilateral frontal pole and superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, triangular and opercular par...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 4, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ícaro A.F. Oliveira, Tiago M. Guimarães, Roberto M. Souza, Antônio C. dos Santos, João Paulo Machado-de-Sousa, Jaime E.C. Hallak, Renata F. Leoni Source Type: research
