Grey matter density changes of structures involved in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after recovery following Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy
This study aimed to determine whether symptoms improvement is associated with GM density changes of brain structures involved in PTSD. Two groups of PTSD patients were involved in this study. The first group was treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and recovered from their symptoms (recovery group) (n = 11); Patients were scanned prior to therapy (T1), one week (T2) and five months after the end of therapy (T3). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sarah Boukezzi, Myriam El-Khoury-Malhame, Guillaume Auzias, Emmanuelle Reynaud, Pierre-Fran çois Rousseau, Emmanuel Richard, Xavier Zendjidjian, Jacques Roques, Nathalie Castelli, Nadia Correard, Valérie Guyon, Caroline Gellato, Jean-Claude Samuelian, A Source Type: research
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(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
“First episode psychosis moderates the effect of gray matter volume on cognition“
Patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) present with cognitive deficits and volume differences in certain brain areas. Brain volumetric information further correlates with cognitive testing, and multiple brain areas shows different strengths of correlation with the cognitive functions being tested. Traditionally, these cognitive functions are independently related to volumetric differences, but these functions share variance. Failing to account for this aspect of cognition hinders the proper representation of cognition in neuroimaging studies. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 15, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Luis F.S. Castro-de-Araujo, Richard A.A. Kanaan Source Type: research
Neural correlates of psychotic-like experiences during spiritual-trance state
Recent studies indicate high levels of psychotic experiences in the general population. Here, we report a functional imaging study with 8 mentally healthy spiritual mediums and 8 matched controls. The mediums entered a mediumistic-trance state using a standardized manner by closing their eyes and actively seeking to ignore external and internal stimuli to achieve a ‘state of emptiness’; in a control condition, they were instructed to re-enact the same mediumistic experience that they had during the mediumistic-trance condition but in a non-trance state (imaginative-trance). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Alessandra Ghinato Mainieri, Julio Fernando Prieto Peres, Alexander Moreira-Almeida, Klaus Mathiak, Ute Habel, Nils Kohn Source Type: research
Associations between cognition and serotonin receptor 1B binding in patients with major depressive disorder – a pilot study
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a lifetime prevalence of 11-15 % (Bromet et al., 2011) and is the leading cause of disability worldwide (World Health Organization, 2017). It is a clinically heterogeneous disease of variable course in which the core symptoms, low mood and loss of interest, are related to emotional dysregulation. Recent research has demonstrated that also cognitive impairments play an important role in the symptomatology of MDD (Rock et al., 2014; Trivedi and Greer, 2014). These include reversible dysfunctions that largely normalize after a major depressive episode, that is, visuospatial short term memor...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ämma Tangen, Jacqueline Borg, Mikael Tiger, Katarina Varnäs, Kimmo Sorjonen, Nils Lindefors, Christer Halldin, Johan Lundberg Source Type: research
Olfactory identification deficit predicts white matter tract impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Olfactory identification deficit (OID) has been associated with both aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the context of an amnestic disorders, OID predicts conversion to AD. Neuroanatomical correlates could increase specificity and sensitivity and elucidate the mechanistic differences between OID in AD and aging. Cross-sectional analysis of white matter microstructural changes was performed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tract-based-spatial-statistics in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), AD and normal controls (NC) in 66 subjects (26 AD, 15 aMCI, 25 NC). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Matthew R. Woodward, Michael G. Dwyer, Niels Bergsland, Jesper Hagemeier, Robert Zivadinov, Ralph HB. Benedict, Kinga Szigeti Source Type: research
A Distinctive Abnormality of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters in the Fornix of Patients with Bipolar II Disorder
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have revealed a changed integrity in the white matter of bipolar disorder. However, only a few investigations have examined bipolar II disorder (BP-II). A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare thirty-eight patients with BP-II (mean age = 38.26 years, F/M = 19/19) with thirty-eight age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age = 34.45 years, F/M = 18/20). Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) analysis of the fractional anisotropy (FA) was done with age, gender and education years as covariates, then a complementary atlas-based region-of-interest (ROI) analysis including t...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 7, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Akeo Kurumaji, Michio Itasaka, Akihito Uezato, Kazuo Takiguchi, Daisuke Jitoku, Mizue Hobo, Toru Nishikawa Source Type: research
Computerized cognitive training for children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a pilot resting-state fMRI study
In this pilot study, we examined training effects of a computerized working memory program on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). We contrasted pre- with post-training resting state fMRI and cognitive measures from 16 participants (nine males; 11.1 ±2.3 years) with NF1 and documented working memory difficulties. Using non-parametric permutation test inference, we found significant regionally specific differences (family-wise error corrected) in two of four voxel-wise resting state measures: fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 5, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yuliya N. Yoncheva, Kristina K. Hardy, Daniel J. Lurie, Krishna Somandepalli, Lanbo Yang, Gilbert Vezina, Nadja Kadom, Roger J. Packer, Michael P. Milham, F. Xavier Castellanos, Maria T. Acosta Source Type: research
Neural Correlates of Preserved Facial Affect Performance in High Functioning Schizophrenia
This study compared brain activation during FA P performance in HF-SCZ, LF-SCZ, and controls. Results demonstrated greater activation in the precuneus in CON compared to both SCZ groups, while HF-SCZ activated this region intermediate to controls and LF-SCZ. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 2, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tatiana M. Karpouzian, Matthew P. Schroeder, Samantha V. Abram, Harry Wanar, Eva C. Alden, Shaun M. Eack, John G. Csernansky, Matthew J. Smith Source Type: research
Psychophysical assessment of koniocellular pathway in patients with schizophrenia versus healthy controls
This study was designed to perform psychophysical assessment of koniocellular pathway in patients with schizophrenia versus healthy controls. A total of 26 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 15 healthy controls were included. Snellen Visual Acuity Chart scores and Short Wavelength Automated Perimetry (SWAP) visual field testing including global visual field indices [mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), test time (min)], reliability parameters [false negative responses (%), false positive responses (%) and fixed losses (%)] and average threshold sensitivity [central (parafovea), peripheral area, and...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 26, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ozgur Bulent Timucin, Elif Aktan Mutlu, Damla Timucin, Mehmet Emin Aslanci, Isil Is ıkligil, Mehmet Fatih Karadag, Esra Kizildag Ozbay Source Type: research
Attempts at memory control induce dysfunctional brain activation profiles in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: An exploratory fMRI study
Suppression of aversive memories through memory control has historically been proposed as a central psychological defense mechanism. Inability to suppress memories is considered a central psychological trait in several psychiatric disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Yet, few studies have attempted the focused identification of dysfunctional brain activation profiles when patients with generalized anxiety disorders attempt memory control. Using a well-characterized behavioral paradigm we studied brain activation profiles in a group of adult GAD patients and well-matched healthy controls (HC). (Source: P...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 25, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vaibhav A. Diwadkar, Marta Re, Filippo Cecchetto, Marco Garzitto, Sara Piccin, Carolina Bonivento, Marta Maieron, Serena D ’Agostini, Matteo Balestrieri, Paolo Brambilla Source Type: research
Reduced fronto-amygdalar connectivity in adolescence is associated with increased depression symptoms over time
This study used resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) magnetic resonance imaging to examine neurobiological markers of escalating depression symptoms in adolescents (ages 12 –16 years; free from psychopathology at baseline). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hannah Scheuer, Gabriela Alarc ón, Damion V. Demeter, Eric Earl, Damien A. Fair, Bonnie J. Nagel Source Type: research
Diffusion tensor imaging of cingulum bundle and corpus callosum in schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder
Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder show abnormalities of white matter, as seen in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analyses of major brain fibre bundles. While studies in each of the two conditions have indicated possible overlap in anatomical location, there are few direct comparisons between the disorders. Also, it is unclear whether phenotypically similar subgroups (e.g. patients with bipolar disorder and psychotic features) might share white matter pathologies or be rather similar. Using region-of-interest (ROI) analysis of white matter with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 T, we analysed fractional anisotropy (F...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Igor Nenadic, Anna Hoof, Maren Dietzek, Kerstin Langbein, J ürgen R. Reichenbach, Heinrich Sauer, Daniel Güllmar Source Type: research
BrainAGE score indicates accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder
BrainAGE (brain age gap estimation) is a novel morphometric parameter providing a univariate score derived from multivariate voxel-wise analyses. It uses a machine learning approach and can be used to analyse deviation from physiological developmental or aging-related trajectories. Using structural MRI data and BrainAGE quantification of acceleration or deceleration of in individual aging, we analysed data from 45 schizophrenia patients, 22 bipolar I disorder patients (mostly with previous psychotic symptoms / episodes), and 70 healthy controls. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Igor Nenadic, Maren Dietzek, Kerstin Langbein, Heinrich Sauer, Christian Gaser Source Type: research
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(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - May 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
