Disrupted topological organization of the motor execution network in alcohol dependence
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic relapsing mental disorder, characterized by a maladaptive pattern of excessive and continued alcohol use despite social, interpersonal and health negative consequences (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Converging evidence points towards a definite association between alcohol consumption and motor impairments. For instance, previous behavioral studies have found that alcohol-dependent individuals perform worse than healthy controls in tasks assessing fine motor fu nctioning (De Wilde et al., 2007). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jiajia Zhu, Wenming Zhao, Cun Zhang, Haibao Wang, Wenwen Cheng, Zipeng Li, Yinfeng Qian, Xiaohu Li, Yongqiang Yu Source Type: research
Regional grey matter volume reduction in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) disorder is defined as presentation with deliberate self-inflicted damage to body tissue on five or more days within the past year without the intent of suicide (APA, 5th Edition, 2013), but rather with the intent to seek relief from a negative feeling or cognitive state, to resolve an interpersonal difficulty or to induce a positive state (Wilkinson, 2013; Zetterqvist, 2015).. NSSI should be regarded as a vital public health concern as it is highly prevalent amongst adolescents (a lifetime prevalence of 17.2% in adolescents world-wide) (Swannell et al., 2014), associated with development of...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ayaka Ando, Corinna Reichl, Friederike Scheu, Anastasia Bykova, Peter Parzer, Franz Resch, Romuald Brunner, Michael Kaess Source Type: research
Can measuring hippocampal atrophy with a fully automatic method be substantially less noisy than manual segmentation over both 1 and 3 years?
Hippocampal atrophy is the amount of shrinkage of the hippocampus from one time point to the next. It can be measured with noninvasive MRI and is a widely validated surrogate outcome for Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials (Frisoni et al., 2010). It has been shown to be one of the first observable characteristics of AD (Bobinski et al., 1996). It also accelerates before the translation to clinical dementia (Jack et al., 2011) as part of the AD pathology cascade (Jack et al., 2010). Analysis of the images from the ADNI1 study found the median annualized atrophy rates were 1.5% (healthy controls (HC)), 2.4% (mildly cognitively i...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Keith S. Cover, Ronald A. van Schijndel, Paolo Bosco, Soheil Damangir, Alberto Redolfi, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, neuGRID Source Type: research
A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed in Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Preliminary Behavioral and Brain Imaging Study
Alzheimer's disease imposes significant socioeconomic pressures on the national health care system, creating the necessity to develop valid screening tools that can be quickly applied in the clinic. Various screening tools have been developed for detecting dementia. For example, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most widely used, reliable, and valid diagnostic methods for dementia (Folstein et al., 1975). However, the MMSE needs to be administered by highly trained practitioners. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Soowon Park, Suyeon Pyo, Seong A Shin, Ji Yeon Lee, Yu Kyeong Kim, Hyeon-Ju Park, Jung-Hae Youn, Sun-Won Park, Jun-Young Lee Source Type: research
Delayed hemodynamic responses associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a high risk of suicidal behavior compared with other major psychiatric disorders (Costa Lda et al., 2015; Goldstein et al., 2012). Although many clinical predictors of suicide have been reported, the strongest predictive factor of future suicide is a history of suicide attempts (Hawton and van Heeringen, 2009). Patients with BD spend the majority of their time in episodes of depression (Judd et al., 2002; Kupka et al., 2007). This is the predominant phase in BD and is also strongly associated with suicide attempts (Hawton et al., 2005; Saunders and Hawton, 2013). (Source: Psychiatry...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tomoyuki Hirose, Noa Tsujii, Wakako Mikawa, Osamu Shirakawa Source Type: research
Aggressiveness of martial artists correlates with reduced temporal pole grey matter concentration
From an evolutionary point of view, aggressive behaviour is a widespread phenomenon in animals and humans (Kr ämer et al., 2011; Pietrini and Bambini, 2009). Violence against the own species occurs in almost all mammals (Gómez et al., 2016; Porges and Decety, 2013). Lorenz (1963) has explained this remarkable abundance by reproductive advantages for more aggressive individuals and their aggression disposi ng genes. This kind of behaviour is a prerequisite for building and dominating hierarchies, which goes along with power and higher reproductive success (Elbert et al., 2010). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Stephanie Breitschuh, Maria Sch öne, Leonardo Tozzi, Jörn Kaufmann, Hendrik Strumpf, Daniela Fenker, Thomas Frodl, Bernhard Bogerts, Kolja Schiltz Source Type: research
Impact of substance use disorder on gray matter volume in schizophrenia
Comorbid substance use disorders are highly prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders and are associated with increased mortality, decreased treatment compliance, and worse outcomes (Ascher-Svanum et al., 2006; Hjorthøj et al., 2015; Moore et al., 2012; Nesvåg et al., 2015; Volkow, 2009). It has been well documented that in schizophrenia there are gray matter deficits in multiple regions including the medial frontal gyrus, temporal cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala (Ellison-Wright and Bullmore, 2010; Shepherd et al., 2012; Van Erp et al., 2016). (S...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Margaret Quinn, Maureen McHugo, Kristan Armstrong, Neil Woodward, Jennifer Blackford, Stephan Heckers Source Type: research
Systematic review of in-vivo neuro Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor-related disorder that results in complex somatic, cognitive, affective and behavioural effects, after exposure to traumatic event(s). PTSD is precipitated by a number of factors, including exposure to actual or threatened death or serious injury or a response to intense fear, helplessness or horror. PTSD is characterised by persistent re-experiencing of the traumatic event; avoidance of stimuli related to the trauma; and hyperarousal for at least one month post trauma (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), leading to significant psychosocial impairment for pa...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Scott Quadrelli, Carolyn Mountford, Saadallah Ramadan Source Type: research
Estimating Glutamate and Glx from GABA-Optimized MEGA-PRESS: Off-Resonance but not Difference Spectra Values Correspond to PRESS Values
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a technique for the non-invasive measurement of neurometabolites in defined regions of the human brain. Using optimized acquisition sequences, 10 or more different brain metabolites may be present in sufficiently high concentration to be measurable with clinical scanners. Among these metabolites, glutamate and GABA are of particular interest, as their functions include serving as the principal excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, respectively. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Richard J. Maddock, Michael D. Caton, J. Daniel Ragland Source Type: research
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the neural correlates of psychological therapies in major depression
Major depression is the most prevalent of the mental health disorders, affecting an estimated 350 million people globally, and is the leading cause of disability worldwide (Vos et al., 2015). The disorder is associated with a high risk of relapse, which is about 50% following the first depressive episode and increases up to 80% after two episodes (Mueller et al., 1999). Treatments which can reduce the risk of a depressive relapse are essential for supporting recovery and for maintaining interpersonal, social and occupational functioning. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anjali Sankar, Alice Melin, Valentina Lorenzetti, Paul Horton, Sergi G. Costafreda, Cynthia H.Y Fu Source Type: research
Brain metabolism changes in women with BPD undergoing olanzapine treatment
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by symptoms (e.g. impulsivity) that are difficult to treat (Soloff and Fabio, 2008). Research is needed to better understand both the underlying neural mechanisms of BPD and the mechanisms of existing treatments. Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) studies have identified hypometabolism in frontally mediated networks associated with impaire d emotion processing and impulsivity in BPD (Mauchnik and Schmahl, 2010; Schulze et al., 2016; Soloff et al., 2000). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jazmin Camchong, Kathryn R. Cullen, Kelvin O. Lim, S. Charles Schulz Source Type: research
Registration-based methods applied to serial high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of brain volume changes in anorexia nervosa of the restricting type
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a relentless pursuit of thinness and a refusal to maintain the body weight at a minimally acceptable standard for age and height, an abnormal concern about gaining weight, and a disturbance in the way the body weight or shape are experienced, along with a persistent lack in recognizing the severity of the associated weight loss (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, 2013; Klein and Walsh, 2003). AN has the highest rate of mortality among psychiatric disorders, its average prevalence is approximately 0.3%, and up to 90% of patients with AN are young women (H...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mariana Santos, Eva Os ório, Sarah Finnegan, Matt Clarkson, Sertório Timóteo, Isabel Brandão, António Roma-Torres, Nick C. Fox, António J. Bastos-Leite Source Type: research
Cortical properties of adults with autism spectrum disorder and an IQ > 100
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term comprising several neurodevelopmental conditions. These conditions share deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and stereotypic behaviors and interests. The last decades of ASD research made evident that ASD is not a single clinical entity (Levy et al., 2009), but rather the behavioral manifestation of hundreds of genetic and genomic disorders (Betancur, 2011; Stessman et al., 2014), in interaction with environmental etiological factors (e.g. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Simon Maier, Ludger Tebartz van Elst, Evgeniy Perlov, Ansgard Lena D üppers, Kathrin Nickel, Thomas Fangmeier, Dominique Endres, Andreas Riedel Source Type: research
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Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Functional magnetic resonance imaging with encoding task in patients with mild cognitive impairment and different severity of leukoaraiosis
Dementia is one of the most relevant causes of disability in the elderly as it affects 5.4% of people over 65 years and its prevalence increases with age. Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main type of dementia, however vascular dementia (VaD) is also frequently encountered (Di Carlo et al., 2002). VaD is often caused by small vessel disease (SVD) whose pathological hallmarks are represented by leukoaraiosis (also called age related changes in white matter), lacunar infarcts, microbleeds and parenchymal haemorrhage (Pantoni, 2010). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Alberto Chiti, Paolo Cecchi, Ilaria Pesaresi, Giovanni Orlandi, Nicola Giannini, Gino Gialdini, Eva Terni, Gloria Tognoni, Leda Volpi, Cristina Pagni, Irene Ghicopulos, Gabriele Siciliano, Maria Teresa Dotti, Antonio Federico, Anna Poggesi, Emilia Salvado Source Type: research
