Is Cognitive Reserve a Determinant of Functional and Mental Health in Older People of the Sardinian Blue Zone? A Mediational Approach
AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive reserve in the relationship between functional health (expressed through the amount and intensity of performed physical activity objectively assessed using wearable accelerometers) and psychological well-being (i.e., assessed in terms of self-reported depressive signs) of older people living in an area of exceptional longevity, the so-called Sardinian Blue Zone. A further goal was to investigate the impact of gender on the cognitive reserve and physical health of our participants, using global cognitive functioning as a covariate. A batte...
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - August 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The Role of BDNF and NPY Levels, Effects of Behavioral Systems and Emotion Regulation on Internet Addiction in Adolescents
In this study, we aimed to assess the roles of behavioral systems, emotional regulation (ER), and impulsivity in the development of IA in adolescents and also to assess the relationship between all these clinical parameters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Forty-two adolescents with IA and 30 healthy controls (ages 12 –17) were included in the study. Self-reported measures included the Internet Addiction Scale. (IAS), Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Scale (BAS/BIS), Barratt. Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16 (DERS-16) w...
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - August 23, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in patients with BPD. On July 2, 2021, the protocol (CRD42021256647) was registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid-Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) were searched without regard for language or publication date. We also searched trial registries on ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Randomized clinical trials with adult patients diagnosed with BPD met the inclusion criteria. The Cochrane risk of bias for randomized trials (RoB-2) method was used to assess the quality of the...
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - August 11, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The Utility of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Variants to Guide Pharmacological Treatment in Complex Unipolar Major Depression: A Pilot Longitudinal Study
In this study, well characterised participants (N = 15) with complex, largely treatment resistant unipolar major depression were investigated, and clinical improvement was measured at baseline and at week-8 after the pharmacogenomics-guided treatment with the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MÅDRS). Results suggested a statisticall y significant improvement (p = 0.01) of 16% at endpoint in the whole group and a larger effect in case of changes in medication regime (28%, p = 0.004). This small but appreciable effect can be understood in the context of the level of treatment resistance in the group. ...
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - July 25, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Postpartum Women from Lower and Middle-income Backgrounds in India and its Effects on Early Mother-infant Bonding: An Observational Study
AbstractThe study was designed to examine the mental health impact of COVID-19 infection in postpartum women and its effects on mother-infant bonding during the first eight weeks postpartum. Fifty-seven consenting eligible postpartum women were recruited for the study. They were assessed at two time points using standardized rating scales to measure distress and uniquely designed scales assessing COVID-19-specific outcome fears and bonding. Almost half [42%] of postpartum women with COVID-19 suffered from a probable anxiety disorder, and one-third [33.3%] suffered from probable depression. The overwhelming majority [91.2%]...
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - July 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Exploring Patients ’ Feeling of Being Coerced During Psychiatric Hospital Admission: A Qualitative Study
This study aimed to explore voluntary and involuntary patients’ experience of coercion during psychiatric hospitalisation and to identify which factors, from their perspective, most affected it. We c hose a qualitative design inspired by a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. Participants were purposively selected from six psychiatric hospitals in Switzerland. Maximum variation sampling was used to ensure the inclusion of patients with different levels of perceived coercion and different admis sion statuses. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were co-conducted by a research psychologist and a service-user researcher....
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - July 15, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Psychological Resilience in U.S. Military Veterans: Results from the 2019 –2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study
AbstractFollowing exposure to traumatic life events, most individuals are psychologically resilient, and experience minimal-to-no symptoms of posttraumatic stress, major depressive, or generalized anxiety disorders. To date, however, most research has focused on factors associated with adverse post-trauma mental health outcomes rather than understanding those associated with psychological resilience. In particular, little is known about factors associated with psychological resilience in veterans, despite their high rates of trauma exposure, such as combat and military sexual trauma. To address this gap, we used a discrepa...
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - July 13, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Hazardous Alcohol Use in Trichotillomania
This study highlights the importance of screening for alcohol use problems in people with trichotillomania. More research is needed into this comorbid presentation, including work to explore the impact of hazardous alcohol use on clinical treatment outcomes, as well as how treatments might best be adapted to treat individuals affected by both disorders. (Source: Psychiatric Quarterly)
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly - July 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
