A single meal has the potential to alter brain oxylipin content
We examined the cerebrum of mice fed a single high-fat/high-sucrose Western meal or a low-fat/low-sucrose control meal, as well as fasted mice. We found no changes in fatty acid composition of cerebrum across the groups. The cerebral oxylipin profile of mice fed a Western meal is distinct from the profile of mice fed a low-fat/low-sucrose meal. Cerebral gene expression of cyclooxygenase 1, cyclooxygenase 2, and epoxide hydrolase 1 were elevated in Western meal-fed mice compared to low-fat/low-sucrose meal-fed mice. Mice that consumed either meal had lower gene expression of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypepti...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Fatty acid and lipid metabolism in liver of pregnant mice and their offspring is influenced by unbalanced folates/vitamin B12 diets
Publication date: Available online 24 January 2020Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Erika Castaño-Moreno, Valeska Castillo, Reyna Penailillo, Miguel N. Llanos, Rodrigo Valenzuela, Ana María RoncoAbstractMicronutrients (folates and vitamin B12) and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are linked through the one carbon cycle. We studied the effects of pre and postnatal high FA/low B12 diets (HFLB12) on hepatic fatty acid metabolism. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were divided in two groups: control (2mg folic acid: FA/25 µg vitamin B12/Kg food) and HFLB12 diets (8mg FA/5µg vitam...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 26, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) glucuronidation by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human liver microsomes and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes
In this study, nine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) selected by chemical structures were screened to determine their effects on the glucuronidation of 20-HETE using human liver microsomes (HLMs). Then, the combined effects of the selected NSAID and genetic polymorphisms in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were investigated. Among the tested NSAIDs, diclofenac was the strongest inhibitor of 20-HETE glucuronidation with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM. Celecoxib, naproxen, mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, and indomethacin showed modest inhibition with IC50 values of 77, 91, 190, 208, and 220 μM, respectively, while acety...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 26, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Altered plasma prostaglandin E2 levels in epilepsy and in response to antiepileptic drug monotherapy
Publication date: Available online 22 January 2020Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Chitra Rawat, Shivangi, Suman Kushwaha, Sangeeta Sharma, Achal K Srivastava, Ritushree KukretiAbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2), a physiologically active lipid compound, is increased in several diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. To determine its significance in epilepsy-associated inflammation and response to antiepileptic drug (AED), we evaluated the plasma PGE2 (median, pg/ml) levels in drug-free patients with epilepsy (N=34) and patients receiving AED monotherapy (N=55) in addition to tha...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 23, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Altered productions of prostaglandins and prostamides by human amnion in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli identified by mutliplex mass spectrometry method.
ConclusionsThe findings of the current study are in keeping with the literature which describes amnion tissues as predominantly producing PGE2. The use of mass spectrometry for the differential identification of prostaglandins, prostamides, and other eicosanoids may help better elucidate mechanisms of preterm labor, and lead to new targets for the prediction of risk for preterm labor and/or birth. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 23, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Iron-Induced Derangement in hepatic Δ-5 and Δ-6 Desaturation Capacity and Fatty Acid Profile Leading to Steatosis: Impact on Extrahepatic Tissues and Prevention by Antioxidant-Rich Extra Virgin Olive Oil
In conclusion, AR-EVOO supplementation prevents IRD-induced changes in parameters related to liver FA metabolism and steatosis, an effect that may have a significant impact in the treatment of iron-related pathologies or metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Graphical Abstract (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 23, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Influence of lung transplantation on the essential fatty acid profile in cystic fibrosis
This study sought to evaluate the EFA profile in both the plasma and erythrocyte membrane according to lung status by comparing CF patients with or without a lung transplant.A total of 50 homozygous F508del patients (33 CF patients [CF group] and 17 CF patients with a lung transplant [TX CF group]) were included. In comparison with the CF group, in the plasma, the levels of total n-3, α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids were higher and the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower in the TX CF group. Yet, these differences were not observed in the erythrocyte membrane. This study supports that lung transplantation impr...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 23, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) glucuronidation by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human liver microsomes and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes
In this study, nine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) selected by chemical structures were screened to determine their effects on the glucuronidation of 20-HETE using human liver microsomes (HLMs). Then, the combined effects of the selected NSAID and genetic polymorphisms in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were investigated. Among the tested NSAIDs, diclofenac was the strongest inhibitor of 20-HETE glucuronidation with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM. Celecoxib, naproxen, mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, and indomethacin showed modest inhibition with IC50 values of 77, 91, 190, 208, and 220 μM, respectively, while acety...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 19, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Diurnal rhythm of plasma EPA and DHA in healthy adults
The objective of the current study was to examine the variation in plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) over a 24-hour period in healthy adults under eating and sleeping conditions generally approximate to a free-living environment. Twenty-one healthy participants aged 25 to 44 years took part in a single laboratory visit encompassing an overnight stay. EPA and DHA were measured in plasma samples collected every two hours from 22:00 until 22:00 the following day, with all meals being provided at conventional times. Cosinor analysis was used to estimate the di...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 16, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Essential fatty acids deficient diet modulates N-Acylethanolamide profile in rat's tissues
Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Carta Gianfranca, Murru Elisabetta, Vargiu Romina, Collu Maria, Carta Manolo, Banni Sebastiano, Stancampiano RobertoAbstractNo data are available on whether a diet deficient of the essential fatty acids is able to modulate tissue levels of endocannabinoids and congeners.Male rats fed for 12 weeks a diet deficient of essential fatty acids, palmitic and oleic acids (EFAD), replaced with saturated fatty acids (SAFA), showed lowered n-3 and n-6 PUFAs levels in plasma, liver and adipose tissue, with concomi...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 16, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: January 2020Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Volume 152Author(s): (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - January 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Plasma oxylipins and unesterified precursor fatty acids are altered by DHA supplementation in pregnancy: Can they help predict risk of preterm birth?
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2019Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Christopher E. Ramsden, Maria Makrides, Zhi-Xin Yuan, Mark S. Horowitz, Daisy Zamora, Lisa N Yelland, Karen Best, Jennifer Jensen, Ameer Y. Taha, Robert A. GibsonAbstractOxidized lipids derived from omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, collectively known as oxylipins, are bioactive signaling molecules that play diverse roles in human health and disease. Supplementation with n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy has been reported to decrease the risk of preterm birth i...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - December 14, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Effects of industrial heat treatments on bovine milk oxylipins and conventional markers of lipid oxidation
Publication date: Available online 26 November 2019Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Fernanda Furlan Goncalves Dias, Thalita Riquelme Augusto-Obara, Marie Hennebelle, Siriyakorn Chantieng, Gulustan Ozturk, Ameer Y. Taha, Thais Maria Ferreira de Souza Vieira, Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega de Moura BellAbstractThe effects of industrial heat treatments of raw bovine milk subjected to Batch Pasteurization (BP), High Temperature Short Time (HTST) and Ultra High Temperature (UHT) on the formation of primary (hydroperoxide content and oxylipins) and secondary lipid oxidation products (thiobarb...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - November 27, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2019Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Volume 151Author(s): (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - November 27, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Influence of sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic characteristics on maternal DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acid status in pregnancy: A systematic review
Discussion: Differences in findings between studies make it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the relationship between these factors and maternal omega-3 DHA status, although socioeconomic status may play a role. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - November 27, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research