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The role of n-3 PUFA-derived fatty acid derivatives and their oxygenated metabolites in the modulation of inflammation
Publication date: Available online 28 June 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Ian de Bus, Renger Witkamp, Han Zuilhof, Bauke Albada, Michiel BalversAbstractNotwithstanding the ongoing debate on their full potential in health and disease, there is general consensus that n-3 PUFAs play important physiological roles. Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA intake results in increased DHA and EPA content in cell membranes as well as an increase in n-3 derived oxylipin and -endocannabinoid concentrations, like fatty acid amides and glycerol-esters. These shifts are believed to (partly) explain the pharmacological ...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Prostaglandin E2 and an EP4 Receptor Agonist Inhibit LPS-Induced Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 5 Production and Secretion in Mouse Cardiac Fibroblasts via Akt and NF-κB Signaling
ConclusionExogenous treatment of PGE2 and the EP4 receptor agonist blocked the pro-inflammatory actions of LPS. Mechanistically, this was mediated via reduced Akt phosphorylation and inhibition of NF-κB. (Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators)
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - June 21, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

A novel mPGES-1 inhibitor alleviates inflammatory responses by downregulating PGE2 in experimental models
Publication date: Available online 20 June 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Hwi-Ho Lee, YoonHyoung Moon, Ji-Sun Shin, Jeong-Hun Lee, Tae-Woo Kim, Changyoung Jang, Changmin Park, Juhee Lee, Younghoon Kim, Younggwan Kim, Oliver Werz, Boyoung Y. Park, Jae Yeol Lee, Kyung-Tae LeeAbstractWe previously reported the strong inhibitory potency of N-phenyl-N’-(4- benzyloxyphenoxycarbonyl)-4-chlorophenylsulfonyl hydrazide (PBCH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in macrophages. Herein, we characterized PBCH as a microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibito...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - June 21, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

mPGES-1 as a new target to overcome acquired resistance to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines
This study demonstrates that NSCLC cells resistant to gefitinib (GR cells) displayed a significantly higher microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression and activity than parental cells. Overexpression of mPGES-1/prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) signaling in GR cells was associated with acquisition of mesenchymal and stem-like cell properties, nuclear EGFR translocation and tolerance to cisplatin. mPGES-1 inhibition reduced mesenchymal and stem-like properties, and nuclear EGFR translocation in GR cells. Consistently, inhibition of mPGES-1 activity enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin and responsiveness to gefitinib in...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - June 15, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Seasonal expressions of COX-1, COX-2 and EP4 in the uteri of the wild Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus)
In this study, we investigated the immunolocalizations and expression levels of Prostaglandin E2 synthases cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, as well as one of PGE2 receptor subtypes 4 (EP4) in the uteri of the wild Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Histologically, the thickness of endometrium: myometrium ratio in the uteri of the breeding season was higher than that of the non-breeding season. The immunostainings of COX-1, COX-2 and EP4 were observed in stromal cells, glandular cells and myometrium cells in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. The protein and ...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - June 11, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Formyl-peptide receptor 2 suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion in human extravillous trophoblastic cells
In this study, overexpression of FPR2 was performed in TEV-1 cells. Then, CCK8 transwell and wound healing assays were used to assess the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. The results showed that FPR2 overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration in TEV-1 cells. In addition, FPR2 overexpression significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF--κB), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in TEV-1 cells. These findings indicated that FPR2 overexpression alters proliferati...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - June 6, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

The Role of Lipoxin in Regulating Tumor Immune Microenvironments
Publication date: Available online 29 May 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Ting Zhang, Hua Hao, Xiao-Yan ZhouAbstractThe tumor immune microenvironment is the living environment for cancer cells which is essential for supporting cancer cells. Vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts play a vital role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, while macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other immune cells play an important role in cancer progression. Lipoxin (LX) is a class of eicosanoids that can regulate components of the innate and adaptive immune system, including the above cells. This revie...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Respective contribution of cytosolic phospholipase A2α and secreted phospholipase A2 IIA to inflammation and eicosanoid production in arthritis
This study confirms the critical role of PLA2s in arthritis and unveils the distinct contribution of cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA to the eicosanoid profile in arthritis. (Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators)
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 24, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Do arachidonic acid metabolites affect apoptosis in bovine endometrial cells with silenced PPAR genes?
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): A.A. Szczepańska, M. Łupicka, A.J. KorzekwaAbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are expressed in bovine uterus, and their agonists are arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. We hypothesised that silencing of PPAR genes in bovine endometrial stromal cells (ESC) would change the intracellular signalling through PPAR and affect apoptosis after cell treatment with different AA metabolites. The study’s aims are detection of apoptosis and examining the influence of prostaglandins and leukotrienes on apopt...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 18, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

PGE2 in fibrosis and cancer: Insights into fibroblast activation
Publication date: Available online 14 May 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Eiman Elwakeel, Bernhard Brüne, Andreas WeigertAbstractFibroblasts are the essential cellular architects of connective tissue and as such are crucial cells in contributing to organ homeostasis. While fulfilling important repair functions during tissue regeneration upon wounding, chronic fibroblast activation provokes pathological organ fibrosis and promotes neoplastic disease progression. Identifying targets that may serve to therapeutically terminate fibroblast activation is therefore desirable. Among the mediators that...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 15, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Prostaglandin E2 as a potent therapeutic target for treatment of colon cancer
Publication date: Available online 15 May 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Vahid Karpisheh, Afshin Nikkhoo, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Afshin Namdar, Gholamreza Azizi, Ghasem Ghalamfarsa, Mehdi Yousefi, Bahman Yousefi, Farhad Jadidi-NiaraghAbstractAlthough colon cancer is one of the most important triggers of cancer related mortality, a few therapeutic options exist for this disease, including combination chemotherapy, anti-EGFR and anti-angiogenic agents. However, none of these therapeutics are fully effective for complete remission, and this issue needs further investigations, particularly in t...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 15, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Emerging Class of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Endocannabinoids & Their Derivatives
Publication date: Available online 11 May 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Josephine E. Watson, Justin S. Kim, Aditi DasAbstractCannabinoid receptor activation is involved in homeostatic regulation of the body. These receptors are activated by cannabinoids, that include the active constituents of Cannabis sativa as well as endocannabinoids (eCBs). The eCBs are endogenously synthesized from the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids shifts the balance towards a higher proportion of omega-3 eCBs, whose physiological functions warrants furthe...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: June 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, Volume 142Author(s): (Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators)
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 8, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Lysophosphatidic acid: its role in bone cell biology and potential for use in bone regeneration
Publication date: Available online 1 May 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Xiangnan Wu, Yuanyuan Ma, Naichuan Su, Jiefei Shen, Hai Zhang, Hang WangAbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid that exerts pleiotropic effects on numerous cell types by activating its family of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and participates in many biological processes, including organismal development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Bone cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts play essential roles in bone homeostas...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Formation of trans-epoxy fatty acids correlates with formation of isoprostanes and could serve as biomarker of oxidative stress
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2019Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Katharina M. Rund, Daniel Heylmann, Nina Seiwert, Sabine Wecklein, Camille Oger, Jean-Marie Galano, Thierry Durand, Rongjun Chen, Faikah Gueler, Jörg Fahrer, Julia Bornhorst, Nils Helge SchebbAbstractIn mammals, epoxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids (epoxy-PUFA) are enzymatically formed from naturally occurring all-cis PUFA by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases leading to the generation of cis-epoxy-PUFA (mixture of R,S- and S,R-enantiomers). In addition, also non-enzymatic chemical peroxidation gives rise to epoxy-PUFA leadin...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - April 21, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research