Plasmalogens: A potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disease
Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Sudip Paul, Graeme I. Lancaster, Peter J. MeikleAbstractPlasmalogens are a class of membrane glycerophospholipids with unique properties. They contain a vinyl-ether linked alkyl chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone and, typically, a polyunsaturated fatty acyl chain at the sn-2 position. Plasmalogens are critical for human health and have established roles in neuronal development, the immune response and as endogenous antioxidants. However, the mechanistic bases of these and other biological functions of plasmalogens...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology
Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Kun Wang, Timothy P. Durrett, Christoph BenningAbstractMost current knowledge about plant lipid metabolism has focused on the biosynthesis of lipids and their transport between different organelles. However, lipid composition changes during development and in response to environmental cues often go beyond adjustments of lipid biosynthesis. When lipids have to be removed to adjust the extent of membranes during down regulation of photosynthesis, or lipid composition has to be adjusted to alter the biophysical properties of membrane...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The biogenesis of lipid droplets: Lipids take center stage
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Mingming Gao, Xun Huang, Bao-Liang Song, Hongyuan YangAbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are multi-functional cellular organelles that store energy, and regulate many aspects of cell physiology. However, our understanding of the biogenesis of LDs remains very limited. Originating from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), LDs are highly unique organelles in that each LD is bounded by a monolayer of amphipathic lipids. Recent progress has unveiled critical roles of non-bilayer lipids in LD formation. For instance, non-bilayer lipids such as lyso...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 26, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): A.C. Carreira, T.C. Santos, M.A. Lone, E. Zupančič, E. Lloyd-Evans, R.F.M. de Almeida, T. Hornemann, L.C. SilvaAbstractSphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules and have been associated with numerous biological and physiolog...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 25, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology
Publication date: Available online 9 May 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Kun Wang, Timothy P. Durrett, Christoph BenningAbstractMost current knowledge about plant lipid metabolism has focused on the biosynthesis of lipids and their transport between different organelles. However, lipid composition changes during development and in response to environmental cues often go beyond adjustments of lipid biosynthesis. When lipids have to be removed to adjust the extent of membranes during down regulation of photosynthesis, or lipid composition has to be adjusted to alter the biophysical properties of membranes, o...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 10, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: April 2019Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 74Author(s): (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 24, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Plasmalogens: A potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disease
Publication date: Available online 8 April 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Sudip Paul, Graeme I. Lancaster, Peter J. MeikleAbstractPlasmalogens are a class of membrane glycerophospholipids with unique properties. They contain a vinyl-ether linked alkyl chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone and, typically, a polyunsaturated fatty acyl chain at the sn-2 position. Plasmalogens are critical for human health and have established roles in neuronal development, the immune response and as endogenous antioxidants. However, the mechanistic bases of these and other biological functions of plasmalogens a...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 9, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Ceramide synthases in cancer therapy and chemoresistance
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Sebastian Brachtendorf, Khadija El-Hindi, Sabine GröschAbstractDrug resistance is one major reason for failure of cancer therapy. In the past 10 years, evidence emerged showing that ceramides of specific chain length, generated by six different ceramide synthases (CerS), are deregulated in different cancer types thereby influencing chemosensitivity. In this review we sum up the cellular mechanisms regulated by CerS and the respective ceramides of specific chain length contributing to chemoresistance and how we can interfere with ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate in adipose dysfunction
Publication date: Available online 2 April 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Zijian Fang, Susan Pyne, Nigel J. PyneAbstractThe increased adipose tissue mass of obese individuals enhances the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. During pathological expansion of adipose tissue, multiple molecular controls of lipid storage, adipocyte turn-over and endocrine secretion are perturbed and abnormal lipid metabolism results in a distinct lipid profile. There is a role for ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in inducing adipose dysfunction. For instance, the alteration of ce...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Biochemistry of very-long-chain and long-chain ceramides in cystic fibrosis and other diseases: The importance of side chain
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Dušan Garić, Juan B. De Sanctis, Juhi Shah, Daciana Catalina Dumut, Danuta RadziochAbstractCeramides, the principal building blocks of all sphingolipids, have attracted the attention of many scientists around the world interested in developing treatments for cystic fibrosis, the most common genetic disease of Caucasians. Many years of fruitful research in this field have produced some fundamentally important, yet controversial results.Here, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the role of long- and very-long- chain cera...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - March 13, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Plant-based sterols and stanols in health & disease: “Consequences of human development in a plant-based environment?”
Publication date: Available online 26 February 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): J. Plat, S. Baumgartner, T. Vanmierlo, D. Lütjohann, K.L. Calkins, D.G. Burrin, G. Guthrie, C. Thijs, A.A. Te Velde, Vreugdenhil ACE, R. Sverdlov, J. Garssen, K. Wouters, E.A. Trautwein, T.G. Wolfs, C. van Gorp, M.T. Mulder, N.P. Riksen, A.K. Groen, R.P. MensinkAbstractDietary plant sterols and stanols as present in our diet and in functional foods are well-known for their inhibitory effects on intestinal cholesterol absorption, which translates into lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. However, emerging ev...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - February 27, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Metabolic engineering for enhanced oil in biomass
Publication date: Available online 26 February 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Thomas Vanhercke, John M. Dyer, Robert T. Mullen, Aruna Kilaru, Md. Mahbubur Rahman, James R. Petrie, Allan G. Green, Olga Yurchenko, Surinder P. SinghAbstractThe world is hungry for energy. Plant oils in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) are one of the most reduced storage forms of carbon found in nature and hence represent an excellent source of energy. The myriad of applications for plant oils range across foods, feeds, biofuels, and chemical feedstocks as a unique substitute for petroleum derivatives. Traditionally, plant oi...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - February 26, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Human milk fat substitutes: Past achievements and current trends
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Wei Wei, Qingzhe Jin, Xingguo WangAbstractThe first commercial infant formula, invented in 1867, contained lipids mainly from cow’s milk. We now know that human milk fat differs from the milk fat of other mammals and even more from vegetable oils. Human milk fat is one of the most complex natural lipid mixtures with a unique fatty acid composition, distribution, and numerous complex lipids. Therefore, to mimic human milk fat, human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) have been produced through the enzymatic/chemical modification of n...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - February 21, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Hsp70 interactions with membrane lipids regulate cellular functions in health and disease
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Zsolt Balogi, Gabrielle Multhoff, Thomas Kirkegaard Jensen, Emyr Lloyd-Evans, Tetsumori Yamashima, Marja Jäättelä, John L. Harwood, László VíghAbstractBeyond guarding the cellular proteome the major stress inducible heat shock protein Hsp70 has been shown to interact with lipids. Non-cytosolic Hsp70 stabilizes membranes during stress challenges and, in pathophysiological states, facilitates endocytosis, counteracts apoptotic mechanisms, sustains survival pathways or represents a signal that can be recognized by the immune s...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The lipid biochemistry of eukaryotic algae
Publication date: Available online 28 January 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Yonghua Li-Beisson, Jay J. Thelen, Eric Fedosejevs, John L. HarwoodAbstractAlgal lipid metabolism fascinates both scientists and entrepreneurs due to the large diversity of fatty acyl structures that algae produce. Algae have therefore long been studied as sources of genes for novel fatty acids; and, due to their superior biomass productivity, algae are also considered a potential feedstock for biofuels. However, a major issue in a commercially viable “algal oil-to-biofuel” industry is the high production cost, because most a...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 29, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
