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The ATPases of the mycobacterial type VII secretion system: structural and mechanistic insights into secretion
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Thomas D. Crosskey, Katherine S.H. Beckham, Matthias WilmannsAbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains the foremost cause of death by infectious disease and is propagated by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The virulence associated with Mtb is mediated by proteins secreted into host cells by the type VII secretion system (T7SS), making this system a candidate for future drug and vaccine development. However, while many of the components involved in the T7SS have been identified, the mechanism of transloca...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 23, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Recent treatment progress of triple negative breast cancer
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Yang Chang-Qing, Liu Jie, Zhao Shi-Qi, Zhu Kun, Gong Zi-Qian, Xu Ran, Lu Hui-Meng, Zhou Ren-Bin, Zhao Gang, Yin Da-Chuan, Zhang Chen-YanAbstractBreast cancer (BC) is a serious worldwide disease that threatens women’s health. Particularly, the morbidity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is higher than that of other BC types due to its high molecular heterogeneity, metastatic potential and poor prognosis. TNBC lacks of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor re...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 22, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Cytochrome bd in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A respiratory chain protein involved in the defense against antibacterials
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Ludovica Mascolo, Dirk BaldAbstractThe branched respiratory chain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has attracted attention as a highly promising target for next-generation antibacterials. This system includes two terminal oxidases of which the exclusively bacterial cytochrome bd represents the less energy-efficient one. Albeit dispensable for growth under standard laboratory conditions, cytochrome bd is important during environmental stress. In this review, we discuss the role of cytochrome bd during infection of ...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 16, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Cardiac pacing using transmural multi-LED probes in channelrhodopsin-expressing mouse hearts
Publication date: Available online 16 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): C.M. Zgierski-Johnston, S. Ayub, M.C. Fernández, E.A. Rog-Zielinska, F. Barz, O. Paul, P. Kohl, P. RutherAbstractOptogenetics enables cell-type specific monitoring and actuation via light-activated proteins. In cardiac research, expressing light-activated depolarising ion channels in cardiomyocytes allows optical pacing and defibrillation. Previous studies largely relied on epicardial illumination. Light penetration through the myocardium is problematic when moving to larger animals and humans. To overcome thi...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 16, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Unique structural and mechanistic properties of mycobacterial F-ATP synthases: Implications for drug design
Publication date: Available online 16 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Neelagandan Kamariah, Priya Ragunathan, Joon Shin, Wuan-Geok Saw, Chui-Fann Wong, Thomas Dick, Gerhard GrüberAbstractThe causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encounters unfavourable environmental conditions in the lungs, including nutrient limitation, low oxygen tensions and/or low/high pH values. These harsh conditions in the host triggers Mtb to enter a dormant state in which the pathogen does not replicate and uses host-derived fatty acids instead of carbohydrates as an ener...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 16, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Targeted protein degradation in antibacterial drug discovery?
Publication date: Available online 16 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Pooja Gopal, Thomas DickAbstractDrug induced degradation of a target protein is a novel concept in drug discovery. Traditionally drugs modulate activity, as opposed to abundance, of their targets. Degradation inducing ligands act catalytically. Thus, one advantage of target degradation over the classical on-target mechanism is that lower drug concentration may be sufficient to cause the desired cellular effects. The first promoters of target degradation were discovered unintentionally: it turned out that some d...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 16, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Two for the price of one: attacking the energetic-metabolic hub of mycobacteria to produce new chemotherapeutic agents
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Kiel Hards, Cara Adolph, Liam K. Harold, Matthew B. McNeil, Chen-Yi Cheung, Adrian Jinich, Kyu Y. Rhee, Gregory M. CookAbstractCellular bioenergetics is an area showing promise for the development of new antimicrobials, antimalarials and cancer therapy. Enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism and energy generation are essential mediators of bacterial physiology, persistence and pathogenicity, lending themselves natural interest for drug discovery. In particular, succinate and malate are two major focal po...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 13, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Implication of frequency-dependent protocols in antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic drug testing
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Péter P. Nánási, Zoltán Szabó, Kornél Kistamás, Balázs Horváth, László Virág, Norbert Jost, Tamás Bányász, János Almássy, András VarróAbstractIt has long been known that the electrophysiological effects of many cardioactive drugs strongly depend on the rate dependent frequency. This was recognized first for class I antiarrhythmic agents: their Vmax suppressive effect was attenuated at long cycle lengths. Later many Ca2+ channel blockers were also found to follow such kinetics. The explanation...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 12, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

The Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology, 2019
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Denis Noble (Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - November 10, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Intra- and intercellular transport of substances: models and mechanisms
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Alexey V. Melkikh, Maria SutorminaAbstractNon-equilibrium-statistical models of intracellular transport are built. The most significant features of these models are microscopic reversibility and the explicit considerations of the driving forces of the process - the ATP-ADP chemical potential difference. In this paper, water transport using contractile vacuoles, the transport and assembly of microtubules and microfilaments, the protein distribution within a cell, the transport of neurotransmitters from the synapt...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - October 31, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Editorial for Progress in Biophysics
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Denis Noble (Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - October 31, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Editorial for Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): (Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - October 23, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Percolation clusters of organics in interstellar ice grains as the incubators of life
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Saibal MitraAbstractBiomolecules can be synthesized in interstellar ice grains subject to UV radiation and cosmic rays. I show that on time scales of ≳106 years, these processes lead to the formation of large percolation clusters of organic molecules. Some of these clusters would have ended up on proto-planets where large, loosely bound aggregates of clusters (superclusters) would have formed. The interior regions of such superclusters provided for chemical micro-environments that are filtered versions of the ...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - October 22, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: October 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Volume 147Author(s): (Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - October 19, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Tuberculosis control in crisis-causes and solutions
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Gilla KaplanAbstractTuberculosis incidence is projected to decline at too slow a rate to meet the targets set at the UN high level meeting on ending tuberculosis, convened in New York in 2018. To understand the causes of the slow progress in tuberculosis control, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supported a patient-pathway analysis that identified significant gaps with patients being “lost” at all points along the care cascade. Although each country differed in the reasons for failure, some commonalitie...
Source: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology - October 16, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research