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Forthcoming Issues
Social Determinants of Health (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - July 28, 2023 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research

The Work, Play, and Worship Environments as Social Determinants of Health
This article attempts to discuss the issues with limited focus on these areas and the importance of using multidisciplinary health-care teams during primary care visits. The expectation from this information is to advance the ability for primary care providers to support patients and the communities they work in to effect change toward decreasing health disparities and enhancing overall health outcomes. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - July 18, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Heather M. O ’Hara Source Type: research

Food and Nutrition Security as Social Determinants of Health: Fostering Collective Impact to Build Equity
An overview of the state of the American diet, how it relates to public health outcomes and the obesity epidemic, and how it arises from the policy and infrastructure that have been developed over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries. The article concludes by laying out concrete solutions for urban revitalization, providing people in underserved communities sovereignty over their food supply, and work with multi-stakeholder cooperatives to overcome the effects of food insecurity and poor diet quality. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - July 18, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Duncan Y. Amegbletor, Danny Goldberg, Derek A. Pope, Bryan W. Heckman Source Type: research

Health Equity and Access to Health Care as a Social Determinant of Health: The Role of the Primary Care Provider
Populations of people who suffer poorer health outcomes and increased disease burden, particularly preventable diseases, injury, and violence are experiencing health inequity. Achieving greater health equity by addressing social determinants of health and access to health care is the goal of many primary care physicians, health care advocates, and policy makers. Race, geographic location, age, poverty, disabilities, gender, and mental health are common examples of factors that determine health equity. Access to health care, by itself is a predictor of health outcomes and is influenced by many of the same factors. (Source: ...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - July 4, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Coleman Pratt, Riley Taylor, Stacy D. Smith Source Type: research

Social Determinants of Health: An Overview for the Primary Care Provider
Social determinants of health (SDoH) are reflected in how people live (access to health care, economic stability, built environment, food security, climate), learn (the educational environment), work (occupational environment), and play/socialize (social context and digital domain). All of these day-to-day conditions play a vital role in a patient ’s overall health, and a primary care provider should be prepared to understand their role to screen, assess, and address SDoH in clinical practice. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 20, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Vincent Morelli Source Type: research

Monitoring Social Determinants of Health Assessing Patients and Communities
Because of the devastating health effects of social determinants of health (SDoH), it is important for the primary care provider to assess and monitor these types of stressors. This can be done via surveys, geomapping, or various biomarkers. To date, however, each of these methods is fraught with obstacles. There are currently are no validated “best” SDoH screening tools for use in clinical practice. Nor is geomapping, a perfect solution. Although mapping can collect location specific factors, it does not account for the fact that patients may live in one area, work in another and travel frequently to a third. (Source:...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 20, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Vincent Morelli, Robert Joseph Heizelman Source Type: research

Climate Change
This article will explore how climate change contributes to health disparities in vulnerable populations, why this is a justice issue for primary care to address, and what we can do to promote equity, resilience, and adaption in our current economic system while mitigating GHG emissions, leveraging the health sector. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 20, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Carol Ziegler, James Muchira Source Type: research

Resilience and Sub-optimal Social Determinants of Health
The relationship between social determinants of health (SDOH) and resilience has been investigated at the individual level and, to some extent, at the community level. The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted the necessity for organizational resilience in the United States. The US public health and health care system began the lengthy process of identifying the resiliency needs of its workforce that expand beyond disaster preparedness. The purpose of this article is to describe the relationship between resilience and SDOH and how medical training can infuse resiliency within the curriculum and clinical pr...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 20, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Mekeila C. Cook, Ruth Stewart Source Type: research

From Digestion to Disease and Gut Health: Exploring the Spectrum of the Gastrointestinal System
The gastrointestinal (GI) system consists of multiple organs and is responsible for critical processes from digestion to metabolism. When functioning smoothly, it also assists in absorption of nutrients as well as other processes. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 11, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Parvathi Perumareddi Tags: Preface Source Type: research

The Social Context: Social and Behavioral Factors That Affect Health Outcomes
To achieve understanding and best care, screening and treating patients should consider the patient ’s social environment. Social and behavioral factors influence both positive and negative health behaviors that influence mental and physical health. Primary care providers continually navigate barriers faced by patients and seek solutions that take into consideration social and behavioral factors . The role of the PCP begins with an understanding of common barriers and community resources, then by assessing and responding to the patient’s own challenges, and finally by advocating in the clinic and public for changes to ...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 9, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Jacqueline M. Hirth, Sandra J Gonzalez, Roger Zoorob Source Type: research

Social Determinants of Health, Chronic Disease Management, and the Role of the Primary Care Provider —to Include Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Diabetes, Major Causes of Morbidity and Mortality as Affected by Social Determinants of Health
This article aims to explore the physiologic basis for worsening disease states in patients with poor social determinants of health, as well as start a discussion surrounding possible screening and interventions that can be performed in a primary care office to promote patient health. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 9, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Nicholas Conley Source Type: research

The Built Environment as a Social Determinant of Health
The built environment encompasses buildings we live in; the distribution systems that provide us with water and electricity; and the roads, bridges, and transportation systems we use to get from place to place. It provides safety, health, and well-being and meaning to its dwellers, as a place to work, live, learn, play, and thrive. Poor-quality housing affects dwellers ’ health through toxins such as radon and lead, mold, cold indoor temperatures, and overcrowding. Physicians’ practices should investigate their patients’ diagnoses such as stress, depression, asthma, adverse childhood experiences, and anxiety, as pote...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 9, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Rosemary Nabaweesi, Marie Hanna, John K. Muthuka, Adrian D. Samuels, Vanisha Brown, Dawn Schwartz, Green Ekadi Source Type: research

Economic Determinants of Health Disparities and the Role of the Primary Care Provider
The economic determinants of adverse personal health outcomes and population level disparities pose a daunting challenge for primary care providers in promoting health for persons experiencing poverty and neighborhood deprivation. Until they are addressed, however, the health and economic well-being of persons experiencing neighborhood deprivation is not likely to be improved. There is growing evidence of effective interventions that primary care providers can adopt to address social and economic determinants of health. Primary care providers can participate in clinic and community-based approaches that target individual, ...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 9, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Paul D. Juarez Source Type: research

Social Determinants of Mental and Behavioral Health
Both mental illness and overall mental health are determined by a complicated interplay of life experiences and genetic predisposition. While genetic predisposition is difficult to modify, many of the life experiences that worsen mental health and exacerbate serious mental illness are associated with social policies and cultural norms that are changeable. Now that we have identified these associations, it is time to rigorously test scalable interventions to address these risks. These interventions will need to focus on high-impact stages in life (like childhood) and will need to address risk beyond the individual by focusi...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 4, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Leigh Morrison, Christopher J. Frank Source Type: research

Educational Attainment and Educational Contexts as Social Determinants of Health
Research demonstrates that nearly all health outcomes are patterned by level of education. Specifically, adults with lower educational attainment report more chronic conditions, more functional limitations, and worse overall health. In addition to affecting educational attainment, schools provide an important context in which students spend a substantial portion of their time. Because access to salutogenic school environments, as well as opportunities for educational attainment and advancement are themselves unequal, education is considered a social determinant of health. In this article, we explore the relationships betwe...
Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice - June 4, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Sarah V. Suiter, Meredith L. Meadows Source Type: research