Shape variation in modern human upper premolars
In this study, we explored inter- and intra-population morphometric variation of modern humans’ upper third and fourth premolars (P3s and P4s, respectively) considering both the inner and outer aspects of the crown, and discrete traits. We worked by means of geometric morphometrics on 3D image data from a geographically balanced sample of human populations from five continents, to analyse the shape of the dentinal crown, and the crown outline in 78 P3s and 76 P4s from 85 individuals. For the study of dental traits, we referred to the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System integrated with more recent classifi...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Petra G. Šimková Source Type: research
Risk relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and urolithiasis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionA unidirectional positive causal correlation was identified between IBD and urolithiasis, with varying degrees of association observed among the different subtypes of IBD. Recognizing the increased incidence of urolithiasis in patients with IBD is crucial in clinical practice. Early detection and surveillance of IBD, improved patient awareness, adoption of preventive strategies, and promotion of collaborative efforts among healthcare providers regarding treatment methodologies are vital for improving patient outcomes. (Source: PLoS One)
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wenqiang Fu Source Type: research
Measuring cancer driving force of chromosomal aberrations through multi-layer Boolean implication networks
by Ilaria Cosentini, Daniele Filippo Condorelli, Giorgio Locicero, Alfredo Ferro, Alfredo Pulvirenti, Vincenza Barresi, Salvatore Alaimo
Multi-layer Complex networks are commonly used for modeling and analysing biological entities. This paper presents the advantage of using COMBO (Combining Multi Bio Omics) to suggest a new role of the chromosomal aberration as a cancer driver factor. Exploiting the heterogeneous multi-layer networ ks, COMBO integrates gene expression and DNA-methylation data in order to identify complex bilateral relationships between transcriptome and epigenome. We evaluated the multi-layer networks gen...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ilaria Cosentini Source Type: research
Association between burnout and empathy in medical residents
ConclusionThe findings showed a negative association between empathy and burnout among medical residents, which suggests the need for adjustment of the existing burnout management at the institutional level. Therefore, residents should be supported by managers to reduce burnout and improve their empathic behavior. (Source: PLoS One)
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mehrnoosh Zakerkish Source Type: research
Moxibustion for declined cardiorespiratory fitness of apparently healthy older adults: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
This study will employ a randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled trial design involving 126 eligible participants. These participants will be stratified and randomly assigned to one moxibustion group, one sham moxibustion group, and one blank control group. Acupoints of bilateralZusanli (ST36),Shenque (CV8), andGuanyuan (CV4) are selected for both real and sham moxibustion groups. The treatment will last 60 min per session, 5 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The blank control group will not receive any intervention for CRF improvement. Primary outcomes will be the mean change in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), anaerobic thresh...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zheng Sun Source Type: research
Local contribution to the somatosensory evoked potentials in rat ’s thalamus
by W ładysław Średniawa, Zuzanna Borzymowska, Kacper Kondrakiewicz, Paweł Jurgielewicz, Bartosz Mindur, Paweł Hottowy, Daniel K. Wójcik, Ewa Kublik
Local Field Potential (LFP), despite its name, often reflects remote activity. Depending on the orientation and synchrony of their sources, both oscillations and more complex waves may passively spread in brain tissue over long distances and be falsely interpreted as local activity at such distant recording sites. Here we show that the whisker-evoked potentials in the thalamic nuclei are of local origin up to around 6 ms post stimulus, but the later (7–15 ms) wave is o...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: W ładysław Średniawa Source Type: research
Biomonitoring of benzophenones in guano samples of wild bats in Poland
by Slawomir Gonkowski, Julia Mart ín, Irene Aparicio, Juan Luis Santos, Esteban Alonso, Andrzej Pomianowski, László Könyves, Liliana Rytel
Benzophenones (BPs) are substances used in the production of sunscreens, cosmetics, and personal care products. However, there is a lack of knowledge of BPs in wild animals. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the concentration of selected BPs commonly used in the cosmetic industry in guano sampl es collected from 4 colonies of greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine guano concentrations of benz...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Slawomir Gonkowski Source Type: research
Mutations in the F protein of the live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate ΔNS2/Δ1313/I1314L increase the stability of infectivity and content of prefusion F protein
by Judith Alamares-Sapuay, Michael Kishko, Charles Lai, Mark Parrington, Simon Delagrave, Richard Herbert, Ashley Castens, Joanna Swerczek, Cindy Luongo, Lijuan Yang, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz, Linong Zhang
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and toddlers, but there currently is no licensed pediatric vaccine. A leading vaccine candidate that has been evaluated for intranasal immunization in a recently completed phase 1/2 clinical tria l is an attenuated version of RSV strain A2 called RSV/ΔNS2/Δ1313/I1314L (hereafter called ΔNS2). ΔNS2 is at...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Judith Alamares-Sapuay Source Type: research
Unmet need for alcohol use disorder treatment in reproductive-age females, with emphasis on pregnant and parenting populations in the United States: Findings from NSDUH 2015 –2021
This study describes the most recent patterns in the past year AUD prevalence and treatment among reproductive-aged women, with a specific focus on pregnant and parenting women, and barriers to treatment among those affected. We analyzed data on rep roductive-age women from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015–2021). We used generalized linear models to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for past 12-month AUD and its treatment based on DSM-V criteria. We considered sociodemographic characteristics, including age, race/ethnicity, inco me, health insurance type, and arrest history. Pregnant and parenting women dis...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Anna Shchetinina Source Type: research
Who shares fake news on social media? Evidence from vaccines and infertility claims in sub-Saharan Africa
by Kerstin Unfried, Jan Priebe
The widespread dissemination of misinformation on social media is a serious threat to global health. To a large extent, it is still unclear who actually shares health-related misinformation deliberately and accidentally. We conducted a large-scale online survey among 5,307 Facebook users in six su b-Saharan African countries, in which we collected information on sharing of fake news and truth discernment. We estimate the magnitude and determinants of deliberate and accidental sharing of misinformation related to three vaccines (HPV, polio, and COVID-19). In an OLS framework we relate the act...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kerstin Unfried Source Type: research
Metastasis patterns and prognosis in young gastric cancer patients: A propensity score ‑matched SEER database analysis
ConclusionsCompared with the older group, the metastatic GC patients in the younger group exhibited more aggressive tumors but better prognoses. The metastasis pattern and its effect on the prognosis of GC varied by age group. (Source: PLoS One)
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hong Zhang Source Type: research
Determinants of the happiness of adolescents: A leisure perspective
by Eui-Jae Kim, Hyun-Wook Kang, Seong-Man Park
Leisure plays a key role in the happiness of youth. Studies have shown that various factors of leisure, such as the type, the time, the cost, and the space, have an influence on the adolescents’ happiness. However, little is known about which of these factors is a major factor in youth’s happi ness. The purpose of this study is to explore the leisure factors that determine happiness in adolescents by examining the relationship between happiness and various leisure factors. The study used the method of machine learning to analyze national statistical data, National Leisure...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Eui-Jae Kim Source Type: research
Is there any association between fluoride exposure and thyroid function modulation? A systematic review
by Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira, Priscila Cunha Nascimento, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt, Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda, Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, Fatemeh Vida Zahoori, E. Angeles Martinez-Mier, Mar ília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, Rafael Rodrigues Lima
Numerous pre-clinical and observational studies have explored the potential effects of fluoride (F) at varying concentrations on diverse systems and organs. While some have assessed the endocrinological conditions of children and adults, a consensus regarding the interaction between F and the thyr oid remains elusive. This systematic review aimed to gather primary...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira Source Type: research
Diet modulates strongyle infection and microbiota in the large intestine of horses
by No émie Laroche, Pauline Grimm, Samy Julliand, Gabriele Sorci
The use of anthelminthic drugs has several drawbacks, including the selection of resistant parasite strains. Alternative avenues to mitigate the negative effects of helminth infection involve dietary interventions that might affect resistance and/or tolerance by improving host immunity, modulating the microbiota, or exerting direct anthelmintic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diet on strongyle infection in horses, specifically through immune-mediated, microbiota-mediated, or direct anthelmintic effects. Horses that were naturally ...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: No émie Laroche Source Type: research
Interleukin-23 levels in umbilical cord blood are associated with neurodevelopmental trajectories in infancy
by Machiko K. Asaka, Tomoko Nishimura, Hitoshi Kuwabara, Hiroaki Itoh, Nagahide Takahashi, Kenji J. Tsuchiya
Our previous study, which aimed to understand the early neurodevelopmental trajectories of children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders, identified five classes of early neurodevelopmental trajectories, categorized as high normal, normal, low normal, delayed, and markedly delayed. This i nvestigation involved measurement using the Mullen Scale of Early Learning in a representative sample of Japanese infants followed up from the age of 0 to 2 years (Nishimura et al., 2016). In the present study, we investi...
Source: PLoS One - April 9, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Machiko K. Asaka Source Type: research
