Protein subcellular relocalization and function of duplicated flagellar calcium binding protein genes in honey bee trypanosomatid parasite
by Xuye Yuan, Tatsuhiko Kadowaki
The honey bee trypanosomatid parasite,Lotmaria passim, contains two genes that encode the flagellar calcium binding protein (FCaBP) through tandem duplication in its genome. FCaBPs localize in the flagellum and entire body membrane ofL.passim through specific N-terminal sorting sequences. This finding suggests that this is an example of protein subcellular relocalization resulting from gene duplication, altering the intracellular localization of FCaBP. However, this phenomenon may not have occurred inLeishmania, as one or both of the duplicated genes have become pseudogenes. Multiple copie...
Source: PLoS Genetics - March 4, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Xuye Yuan Source Type: research
Meiotic prophase length modulates Tel1-dependent DNA double-strand break interference
by Luz Mar ía López Ruiz, Dominic Johnson, William H. Gittens, George G. B. Brown, Rachal M. Allison, Matthew J. Neale
During meiosis, genetic recombination is initiated by the formation of many DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) catalysed by the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase-like enzyme, Spo11, in preferred genomic sites known as hotspots. DSB formation activates the Tel1/ATM DNA damage responsive (DDR) kinase, locally inhibiting Spo11 activity in adjacent hotspots via a process known as DSB interference. Intriguingly, inS.cerevisiae, over short genomic distances ( (Source: PLoS Genetics)
Source: PLoS Genetics - March 1, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Luz Mar ía López Ruiz Source Type: research
Glycan strand cleavage by a lytic transglycosylase, MltD contributes to the expansion of peptidoglycan in < i > Escherichia coli < /i >
by Moneca Kaul, Suraj Kumar Meher, Krishna Chaitanya Nallamotu, Manjula Reddy
Peptidoglycan (PG) is a protective sac-like exoskeleton present in most bacterial cell walls. It is a large, covalently crosslinked mesh-like polymer made up of many glycan strands cross-bridged to each other by short peptide chains. Because PG forms a continuous mesh around the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, opening the mesh is critical to generate space for the incorporation of new material during its expansion. InEscherichia coli, the ‘space-making activity’ is known to be achieved by cleavage of crosslinks between the glycan strands by ...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 29, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Moneca Kaul Source Type: research
Sequestrase chaperones protect against oxidative stress-induced protein aggregation and [ < i > PSI < /i > < sup > + < /sup > ] prion formation
by Zorana Carter, Declan Creamer, Aikaterini Kouvidi, Chris M. Grant
Misfolded proteins are usually refolded to their functional conformations or degraded by quality control mechanisms. When misfolded proteins evade quality control, they can be sequestered to specific sites within cells to prevent the potential dysfunction and toxicity that arises from protein aggregation. Btn2 and Hsp42 are compartment-specific sequestrases that play key roles in the assembly of these deposition sites. Their exact intracellular functions and substrates are not well defined, particularly since heat stress sensitivity is not observed in de...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 29, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zorana Carter Source Type: research
Anthracyclines induce cardiotoxicity through a shared gene expression response signature
by E. Renee Matthews, Omar D. Johnson, Kandace J. Horn, Jos é A. Gutiérrez, Simon R. Powell, Michelle C. Ward
TOP2 inhibitors (TOP2i) are effective drugs for breast cancer treatment. However, they can cause cardiotoxicity in some women. The most widely used TOP2i include anthracyclines (AC) Doxorubicin (DOX), Daunorubicin (DNR), Epirubicin (EPI), and the anthraquinone Mitoxantrone (MTX). It is unclear whether women would experience the same adverse effects from all drugs in this class, or if specific drugs would be preferable for certain individuals based on their cardiotoxicity risk profile. To investigate this, we stu...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 28, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: E. Renee Matthews Source Type: research
Correction: An allele-sharing, moment-based estimator of global, population-specific and population-pair < i > F < /i > < sub > ST < /sub > under a general model of population structure
by Jerome Goudet, Bruce S. Weir (Source: PLoS Genetics)
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 27, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Jerome Goudet Source Type: research
Comparison of clinical geneticist and computer visual attention in assessing genetic conditions
This study shows that humans (at different levels of expertise) and computer vision model examine images differently. Understanding these differences can improve the design and use of AI tools, and lead to more meaningful in teractions between clinicians and AI technologies. (Source: PLoS Genetics)
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 27, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Dat Duong Source Type: research
Maintenance of proteostasis by < i > Drosophila < /i > Rer1 is essential for competitive cell survival and Myc-driven overgrowth
by Pranab Kumar Paul, Shruti Umarvaish, Shivani Bajaj, Rishana Farin S., Hrudya Mohan, Wim Annaert, Varun Chaudhary
Defects in protein homeostasis can induce proteotoxic stress, affecting cellular fitness and, consequently, overall tissue health. In various growing tissues, cell competition based mechanisms facilitate detection and elimination of these compromised, often referred to as ‘loser’, cells by the healthier neighbors. The precise connection between proteotoxic stress and competitive cell survival remains largely elusive. Here, we reveal the function of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi localized protei...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 26, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Pranab Kumar Paul Source Type: research
Contribution of the eye and of < i > opn4xa < /i > function to circadian photoentrainment in the diurnal zebrafish
by Clair Chaigne, Dora Sap ède, Xavier Cousin, Laurent Sanchou, Patrick Blader, Elise Cau
The eye is instrumental for controlling circadian rhythms in mice and human. Here, we address the conservation of this function in the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate. Usinglakritz (lak) mutant larvae, which lack retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we show that while a functional eye contributes to masking, it is largely dispensable for the establishment of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity. Furthermore, the eye is dispensable for the induction of a phase delay following a pulse of white light at CT 16 but contributes to the induct...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 26, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Clair Chaigne Source Type: research
Single-cell RNA profiling reveals classification and characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes in colorectal cancer
by Tiantian Ji, Haoyu Fu, Liping Wang, Jinyun Chen, Shaobo Tian, Guobin Wang, Lin Wang, Zheng Wang
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality and a serious health problem worldwide. Mononuclear phagocytes are the main immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of CRC with remarkable plasticity, and current studies show that macrophages are closely related to tumor progression, invasion and dissemination. To understand the immunological function of mononuclear phagocytes comprehensively and deeply, we use single-cell RNA sequencing and classify mononuclear phagocytes in CRC into 6 different subsets, and c...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 26, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tiantian Ji Source Type: research
Correction: Searching across-cohort relatives in 54,092 GWAS samples via encrypted genotype regression
by The PLOS Genetics Staff (Source: PLoS Genetics)
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 21, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: The PLOS Genetics Staff Source Type: research
IntroUNET: Identifying introgressed alleles via semantic segmentation
by Dylan D. Ray, Lex Flagel, Daniel R. Schrider
A growing body of evidence suggests that gene flow between closely related species is a widespread phenomenon. Alleles that introgress from one species into a close relative are typically neutral or deleterious, but sometimes confer a significant fitness advantage. Given the potential relevance to speciation and adaptation, numerous methods have therefore been devised to identify regions of the genome that have experienced introgression. Recently, supervised machine learning approaches have been shown to be highly effective for detecting introgression. One especially promisi...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 20, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Dylan D. Ray Source Type: research
TRPS1 modulates chromatin accessibility to regulate estrogen receptor alpha (ER) binding and ER target gene expression in luminal breast cancer cells
by Thomas G. Scott, Kizhakke Mattada Sathyan, Daniel Gioeli, Michael J. Guertin
Common genetic variants in the repressive GATA-family transcription factor (TF)TRPS1 locus are associated with breast cancer risk, and luminal breast cancer cell lines are particularly sensitive toTRPS1 knockout. We introduced an inducible degron tag into the nativeTRPS1 locus within a luminal breast cancer cell line to identify the direct targets of TRPS1 and determine how TRPS1 mechanistically regulates gene expression. We acutely deplete over 80 percent of TRPS1 from chromatin within 30 minutes of inducing degradation. We find that TRPS1 re...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 20, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Thomas G. Scott Source Type: research
Dual mutations in the whitefly nicotinic acetylcholine receptor < i > β1 < /i > subunit confer target-site resistance to multiple neonicotinoid insecticides
by Cheng Yin, Andrias O. O ’Reilly, Shao-Nan Liu, Tian-Hua Du, Pei-Pan Gong, Cheng-Jia Zhang, Xue-Gao Wei, Jing Yang, Ming-Jiao Huang, Bu-Li Fu, Jin-Jin Liang, Hu Xue, Jin-Yu Hu, Yao Ji, Chao He, He Du, Chao Wang, Rong Zhang, Qi-Mei Tan, Han-Tang Lu, Wen Xie, Dong Chu, Xu-Guo Zhou, Ralf Nauen, Lian-You Gui, Chris Bass, Xin Yang, You-Jun Zhang
Neonicotinoid insecticides, which target insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), have been widely and intensively used to control the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci, a highly damaging, globally distributed, crop pest. This has inevitably led to the emergence of populations with...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 20, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Cheng Yin Source Type: research
The DNA helicase FANCJ (BRIP1) functions in double strand break repair processing, but not crossover formation during prophase I of meiosis in male mice
by Tegan S. Horan, Carolline F. R. Ascen ção, Christopher A. Mellor, Meng Wang, Marcus B. Smolka, Paula E. Cohen
Meiotic recombination between homologous chromosomes is initiated by the formation of hundreds of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). Approximately 10% of these DSBs result in crossovers (COs), sites of physical DNA exchange between homologs that are critical to correct chromosome segregation. Virtually all COs are formed by coordinated efforts of the MSH4/MSH5 and MLH1/MLH3 heterodimers, the latter representing the defining marks of CO sites. The regulation of CO number and position is poorly understood,...
Source: PLoS Genetics - February 20, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tegan S. Horan Source Type: research
