A Razor's Edge: Vascular Responses to Acute Inflammatory Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:505-529. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-030731.ABSTRACTHistorically considered a metabolically inert cellular layer separating the blood from the underlying tissue, the endothelium is now recognized as a highly dynamic, metabolically active tissue that is critical to organ homeostasis. Under homeostatic conditions, lung endothelial cells (ECs) in healthy subjects are quiescent, promoting vasodilation, platelet disaggregation, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In contrast, lung ECs are essential contributors to the pathobiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as the quies...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: David R Price Joe G N Garcia Source Type: research

Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:199-223. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024353.ABSTRACTObesity is epidemic and of great concern because of its comorbid and costly inflammatory-driven complications. Extensive investigations in mice have elucidated highly coordinated, well-balanced interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue that maintain normal systemic metabolism in the lean state, while in obesity, proinflammatory changes occur in nearly all adipose tissue immune cells. Many of these changes are instigated by adipocytes. However, less is known about obesity-induced adipose-tissue immune cell a...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: David Bradley Tuo Deng Dharti Shantaram Willa A Hsueh Source Type: research

The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:453-478. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-025619.ABSTRACTStudies in preclinical models support that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specific microbial species and their corresponding virulence factors or associated small molecules can contribute to CRC development and progression either via direct effects on the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells or through interactions with the host immune system. Induction of DNA damage, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB proinflammatory pathways, and alteration of t...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Geniver El Tekle Natalia Andreeva Wendy S Garrett Source Type: research

Arterial Stiffness: From Basic Primers to Integrative Physiology
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:99-121. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-031925.ABSTRACTThe elastic properties of conductance arteries are one of the most important hemodynamic functions in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of their dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide new insight into the integrative physiology of arterial stiffening and its clinical consequence. We also comprehensively review progress made on pathways/molecules that appear today as important basic determinants of arterial stiffness, particularly those mediating the vascula...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: V éronique Regnault Patrick Lacolley St éphane Laurent Source Type: research

Exosome-Mediated Impact on Systemic Metabolism
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:225-253. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024535.ABSTRACTExosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry lipids, proteins, and microRNAs (miRNAs). They are released by all cell types and can be found not only in circulation but in many biological fluids. Exosomes are essential for interorgan communication because they can transfer their contents from donor to recipient cells, modulating cellular functions. The miRNA content of exosomes is responsible for most of their biological effects, and changes in exosomal miRNA levels can contribute to the progression or regression of metaboli...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Karina Cunha E Rocha Wei Ying Jerrold M Olefsky Source Type: research

Transcellular Barriers to Glucose Delivery in the Body
We present the most up-to-date knowledge on glucose handling by the gut, liver, brain endothelium, and kidney, and discuss underlying molecular mechanisms and open questions. Diseases associated with defects in glucose delivery and homeostasis are also briefly addressed. We propose that the universal problem of sparing glucose from catabolism in favor of translocation across the barriers posed by epithelia and endothelia is resolved through common mechanisms involving glucose transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum, from where glucose exits the cells via unconventional cellular mechanisms.PMID:38345907 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Amira Klip Katrien De Bock Philip J Bilan Erik A Richter Source Type: research

A Razor's Edge: Vascular Responses to Acute Inflammatory Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:505-529. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-030731.ABSTRACTHistorically considered a metabolically inert cellular layer separating the blood from the underlying tissue, the endothelium is now recognized as a highly dynamic, metabolically active tissue that is critical to organ homeostasis. Under homeostatic conditions, lung endothelial cells (ECs) in healthy subjects are quiescent, promoting vasodilation, platelet disaggregation, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In contrast, lung ECs are essential contributors to the pathobiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as the quies...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: David R Price Joe G N Garcia Source Type: research

Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:199-223. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024353.ABSTRACTObesity is epidemic and of great concern because of its comorbid and costly inflammatory-driven complications. Extensive investigations in mice have elucidated highly coordinated, well-balanced interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue that maintain normal systemic metabolism in the lean state, while in obesity, proinflammatory changes occur in nearly all adipose tissue immune cells. Many of these changes are instigated by adipocytes. However, less is known about obesity-induced adipose-tissue immune cell a...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: David Bradley Tuo Deng Dharti Shantaram Willa A Hsueh Source Type: research

The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:453-478. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-025619.ABSTRACTStudies in preclinical models support that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specific microbial species and their corresponding virulence factors or associated small molecules can contribute to CRC development and progression either via direct effects on the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells or through interactions with the host immune system. Induction of DNA damage, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB proinflammatory pathways, and alteration of t...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Geniver El Tekle Natalia Andreeva Wendy S Garrett Source Type: research

Arterial Stiffness: From Basic Primers to Integrative Physiology
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:99-121. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-031925.ABSTRACTThe elastic properties of conductance arteries are one of the most important hemodynamic functions in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of their dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide new insight into the integrative physiology of arterial stiffening and its clinical consequence. We also comprehensively review progress made on pathways/molecules that appear today as important basic determinants of arterial stiffness, particularly those mediating the vascula...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: V éronique Regnault Patrick Lacolley St éphane Laurent Source Type: research

Exosome-Mediated Impact on Systemic Metabolism
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:225-253. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024535.ABSTRACTExosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry lipids, proteins, and microRNAs (miRNAs). They are released by all cell types and can be found not only in circulation but in many biological fluids. Exosomes are essential for interorgan communication because they can transfer their contents from donor to recipient cells, modulating cellular functions. The miRNA content of exosomes is responsible for most of their biological effects, and changes in exosomal miRNA levels can contribute to the progression or regression of metaboli...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Karina Cunha E Rocha Wei Ying Jerrold M Olefsky Source Type: research

Transcellular Barriers to Glucose Delivery in the Body
We present the most up-to-date knowledge on glucose handling by the gut, liver, brain endothelium, and kidney, and discuss underlying molecular mechanisms and open questions. Diseases associated with defects in glucose delivery and homeostasis are also briefly addressed. We propose that the universal problem of sparing glucose from catabolism in favor of translocation across the barriers posed by epithelia and endothelia is resolved through common mechanisms involving glucose transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum, from where glucose exits the cells via unconventional cellular mechanisms.PMID:38345907 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Amira Klip Katrien De Bock Philip J Bilan Erik A Richter Source Type: research

A Razor's Edge: Vascular Responses to Acute Inflammatory Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:505-529. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-030731.ABSTRACTHistorically considered a metabolically inert cellular layer separating the blood from the underlying tissue, the endothelium is now recognized as a highly dynamic, metabolically active tissue that is critical to organ homeostasis. Under homeostatic conditions, lung endothelial cells (ECs) in healthy subjects are quiescent, promoting vasodilation, platelet disaggregation, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In contrast, lung ECs are essential contributors to the pathobiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as the quies...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: David R Price Joe G N Garcia Source Type: research

Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:199-223. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024353.ABSTRACTObesity is epidemic and of great concern because of its comorbid and costly inflammatory-driven complications. Extensive investigations in mice have elucidated highly coordinated, well-balanced interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue that maintain normal systemic metabolism in the lean state, while in obesity, proinflammatory changes occur in nearly all adipose tissue immune cells. Many of these changes are instigated by adipocytes. However, less is known about obesity-induced adipose-tissue immune cell a...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: David Bradley Tuo Deng Dharti Shantaram Willa A Hsueh Source Type: research

The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer
Annu Rev Physiol. 2024 Feb 12;86:453-478. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-025619.ABSTRACTStudies in preclinical models support that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specific microbial species and their corresponding virulence factors or associated small molecules can contribute to CRC development and progression either via direct effects on the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells or through interactions with the host immune system. Induction of DNA damage, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB proinflammatory pathways, and alteration of t...
Source: Physiological Reviews - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Geniver El Tekle Natalia Andreeva Wendy S Garrett Source Type: research