Molecular Regulation of the CNS by Vitamin D
Physiol Res. 2023 Dec 17;72(S4):S339-S356.ABSTRACTVitamin D is a lipid-soluble vitamin that can be found in some foods. It is also produced endogenously (in the presence of ultraviolet light), transported through the blood to the targets organs and this is the reason to consider vitamin D as a hormone. It is known that vitamin D has genomic and non-genomic effects. This review is focused mainly on the vitamin D receptors, the importance of vitamin D as a neuromodulator, the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of devastating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral scl...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: L M áčová R Kancheva M Bi číková Source Type: research
Molecular Genetic Aspects of Sporadic Multiglandular Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Physiol Res. 2023 Dec 17;72(S4):S357-S363.ABSTRACTMultiglandular primary hyperparathyroidism (MGD) represents a rare form of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). MGD is associated with hereditary PHPT, but the sporadic MGD is more common and affects a similar patient profile as single gland parathyroid disease (SGD). The distinction between SGD and MGD is of great clinical importance, especially for the strategy of parathyroidectomy. Based on the limited knowledge available, MGD is likely to be a genetically heterogeneous disease resulting from the interaction of germline and somatic DNA mutations together with epigenetic a...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: J V čelák Z Šerková K Zaj íčková Source Type: research
Postprandial Triglyceride, Glucose and Insulin Levels 10 Years After Bariatric Surgery in Women With Severe Obesity - A Pilot Study: Part 1 - Laparoscopic Greater Curvature Plication
Physiol Res. 2023 Dec 17;72(S4):S399-S403.ABSTRACTThe long-term effects of bariatric surgery on postprandial profiles in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this study examined postprandial profiles before laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP), and then at 2 and 10 years after surgery.The studied cohort included 10 women (mean age= 54.4±5 years) with obesity (mean BMI= 42.5±7.8 kg/m?) and T2D who underwent LGCP. All subjects underwent a standardized liquid mixed-meal test. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison was used. Mean ...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: T Metelcov á V Hainer M Hill P Kalouskov á J Vrb íková P Šrámková M Fried R Taxov á Braunerová M Kune šová Source Type: research
Postprandial Triglyceride, Glucose and Insulin Levels 10 Years After Bariatric Surgery in Women With Severe Obesity - A Pilot Study: Part 2 - Biliopancreatic Diversion
Physiol Res. 2023 Dec 17;72(S4):S405-S410.ABSTRACTObesity significantly increases the risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The most effective management tool for both obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is bariatric/metabolic surgery. Delayed postprandial plasma triglyceride clearance contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in patients with T2D. Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) was shown to be the most effective procedure in long-term T2D remission. However, the effect of BPD on postprandial metabolic profile has not been studied so far. In this pilot study, we therefore examined the changes in ...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: T Metelcov á V Hainer M Hill P Kalouskov á J Vrb íková P Šrámková M Fried R Taxov á Braunerová M Kune šová Source Type: research
Age-Related Changes in Proinsulin Processing in Normoglycemic Individuals
Physiol Res. 2023 Dec 17;72(S4):S389-S397.ABSTRACTIn order to understand the pathological changes associated with glucose homeostasis in old age, it is necessary to know the natural changes in the processing of proinsulin to mature insulin. While there is abundant information about insulin production and function in diabetics, the situation in healthy adults and the elderly has surprisingly rarely been investigated. The aim of the study was to determine how proinsulin secretion changes in individuals with normal glucose tolerance during the process of natural aging. A total of 761 individuals (539 women, 222 men) aged 18-9...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: M Va ňková D Vejra žková P Luk ášová J V čelák D Chocholov á B Bendlov á Source Type: research
The Endocannabinoid System - The Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth in High-Risk Women: Protocol of a Study
We present the protocol for an open, non-randomized study to evaluate concentrations of AEA and other endocannabinoids: 2 linoleoylglycerol (2-AG), 2 linoleoylglycerol (2-LG), 2 oleoylglycerol (2-OG), and 2 arachidonoyldopamine (2-ADOPA or also NADA) in the blood of pregnant women as potential predictors of sPTB. In a total of 230 women with a history of sPTB or miscarriage, eCBs levels between 22 and 28 weeks of gestation will be assessed from maternal blood, in addition to the standard procedure. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between blood concentrations of the endocannabinoids tested and the risk...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: A Pa řízek M Hill M Du šková L Kol átorová J Suchop ár P Šimják K Anderlov á E Kudov á V Rogalewicz J Vacek M Koudelkov á R Chloupkov á M Alblov á P Pa řízková Z La štůvka M Bart ák Source Type: research
Endocrine Disruptors and Estrogens in Human Prostatic Tissue
Physiol Res. 2023 Dec 17;72(S4):S411-S422.ABSTRACTEndocrine disruptors (EDs) are ubiquitous substances both in the environment and everyday products that interfere with the hormonal system. Growing evidence demonstrates their adverse effects on the organism, including the reproductive system and the prostate, owing to their (anti)estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects. Since EDs can interact with steroid hormone actions on-site, understanding the levels of intraprostatic EDs in conjunction with steroids may hold particular significance. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for determining estrogens, var...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: J Vitku T Skodova A Varausova L Gadus L Michnova L Horackova L Kolatorova M Simkova J Heracek Source Type: research
Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Syndrome
Physiol Res. 2023 Dec 17;72(S4):S423-S427.ABSTRACTPrimary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinopathy. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited endocrine tumor predisposition syndrome, with one of main manifestations being primary hyperparathyroidism. We retrospectively evaluated a set of 1011 patients who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism between the years 2018-2022, and found 78 (8 %) patients who underwent reoperations and 27 patients with MEN1 syndrome. In the group of patients with MEN1 syndrome, 7 (35 %) needed reoperations. Patients with multiple endocrin...
Source: Physiological Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: P Lib ánský J Čarková I Kushnir M Mat ějková Běhanová K Procyklov á J Šedý M Vaculov á J V čelák V Zik án S Ad ámek Source Type: research
Bioengineering and the cervix: The past, current, and future for addressing preterm birth
This article highlights these existing and emerging technologies and concludes with open areas of research related to the cervix and preterm birth that bioengineers are currently well-positioned to address.PMID:38107784 | PMC:PMC10724223 | DOI:10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100107 (Source: Physiological Research)
Source: Physiological Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Kyoko Yoshida Source Type: research
Long-term < em > Xenopus laevis < /em > tadpole -heart-organ-culture: Physiological changes in cholinergic and adrenergic sensitivities of tadpole heart with thyroxine-treatment
Curr Res Physiol. 2023 Jun 7;6:100100. doi: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100100. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTThe present study clarified changes in physiological sensitivities of cultured Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57 Xenopus laevis tadpole-organ-heart exposed to thyroxine (T4) using acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE) and atropine. For preliminary life span and the chemical tests, 60% minimum essential medium (MEM), two types of modified Hank's balanced salt-solution-culture-media (MHBSS-CM) I and II containing relatively lower concentrations of amino acids and collagen were prepared. In preliminary lifespan-test of cultured ta...
Source: Physiological Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Hideki Hanada Fumihiro Morishita Seigo Sanoh Keiko Kashiwagi Akihiko Kashiwagi Source Type: research
Advances in vaginal bioengineering: Applications, techniques, and needs
Curr Res Physiol. 2023 Oct 18;6:100111. doi: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100111. eCollection 2023.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38107786 | PMC:PMC10724214 | DOI:10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100111 (Source: Physiological Research)
Source: Physiological Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Lily M Buchanan Mari J E Domingo Shelby E White Triniti N Vanoven Niyousha Karbasion Matthew R Bersi Isaac J Pence Maria Florian-Rodriguez Kristin S Miller Source Type: research
Ca < sup > 2+ < /sup > -regulated expression of high affinity methylaminoisobutryic acid transport in hippocampal neurons inhibited by riluzole and novel neuroprotective aminothiazoles
Curr Res Physiol. 2023 Oct 14;6:100109. doi: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100109. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTHigh affinity methylaminoisobutyric acid(MeAIB)/glutamine(Gln) transport activity regulated by neuronal firing occurs at the plasma membrane in mature rat hippocampal neuron-enriched cultures. Spontaneous Ca2+-regulated transport activity was similarly inhibited by riluzole, a benzothiazole anticonvulsant agent, and by novel naphthalenyl substituted aminothiazole derivatives such as SKA-378. Here, we report that spontaneous transport activity is stimulated by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and that phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) in...
Source: Physiological Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Jeffrey D Erickson Thomas Kyllo Heike Wulff Source Type: research
Multiple pregnancies, the myometrium and the role of mechanical factors in the timing of labour
Curr Res Physiol. 2023 Aug 24;6:100105. doi: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100105. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTMultiple pregnancy remains a relatively common occurrence, but it is associated with increased risks of adverse outcomes for the mother and her babies and presents unique challenges to healthcare providers. This review will briefly discuss multiple pregnancies, their aetiology and their problems, including preterm birth, before reviewing the processes leading to normal labour onset and how they may be different in a multiple pregnancy. The mechanisms by which mechanical factors i.e., uterine distension or 'stretch' contribut...
Source: Physiological Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Sarah Arrowsmith Source Type: research
Physiological and performance effects of live high train low altitude training for elite endurance athletes: A narrative review
Curr Res Physiol. 2023 Nov 25;6:100113. doi: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100113. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTAltitude training has become an important training application for athletes due its potential for altering physiology and enhancing performance. This practice is commonly used by athletes, with a popular choice being the live high - train low approach. This model recommends that athletes live at high altitude (1250-3000 m), but train at low altitude or sea-level (0-1200 m). Exposure to altitude often leads to hypoxic stress and in turn stimulates changes in total haemoglobin mass, erythropoietin, and soluble transferrin rece...
Source: Physiological Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: G Bonato S P J Goodman Lathlean Tjh Source Type: research
Regulation of oxytocin-induced calcium transients and gene expression in engineered myometrial tissues by tissue architecture and matrix rigidity
In this study, we engineered healthy-like and fibrotic-like myometrium by culturing human myometrial smooth muscle cells on polyacrylamide hydrogels micropatterned with fibronectin to independently tune matrix rigidity and tissue alignment, respectively. We then evaluated calcium transients in response to oxytocin stimulation. Isotropic myometrial tissues on stiff substrates (representing fibrotic myometrium) had shorter calcium transients due to shorter decay time compared to aligned myometrial tissues on soft substrates (representing healthy myometrium). Calcium transients in aligned tissues had longer response times and...
Source: Physiological Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Antonina P Maxey Jaya M Travis Megan L McCain Source Type: research
