Congratulations to Physiological Reports
(Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - November 29, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Susan Wray Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Physiological Reports celebrates its first 10  years
(Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - November 29, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Josephine C. Adams, Oliver J. Price, Natasha Rogers, Sharon Rounds, Akiyuki Taruno, Arianne L. Theiss, Shizuka Uchida, David C. Wright Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - November 28, 2023 Category: Physiology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research

Influence of metabolic stress and metformin on synaptic protein profile in SH ‐SY5Y‐derived neurons
AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is associated with reductions in neuronal proteins often observed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the mechanisms through which IR promotes neurodegeneration/AD pathogenesis are poorly understood. Metformin (MET), a potent activator of the metabolic regulator AMPK is used to treat IR but its effectiveness for AD is unclear. We have previously shown that chronic AMPK activation impairs neurite growth and protein synthesis in SH-SY5Y neurons, however, AMPK activation in IR was not explored. Therefore, we examined the effects of MET-driven AMPK activation with and without IR. Retinoic ac...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 28, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Alex J. T. Yang, Ahmad Mohammad, Michael S. Finch, Evangelia Tsiani, Gaynor Spencer, Aleksandar Necakov, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Thyroid hormone increases fatty acid use in fetal ovine cardiac myocytes
AbstractCardiac metabolic substrate preference shifts at parturition from carbohydrates to fatty acids. We hypothesized that thyroid hormone (T3) and palmitic acid (PA) stimulate fetal cardiomyocyte oxidative metabolism capacity. T3 was infused into fetal sheep to a target of 1.5  nM. Dispersed cardiomyocytes were assessed for lipid uptake and droplet formation with BODIPY-labeled fatty acids. Myocardial expression levels were assessed PCR. Cardiomyocytes from naïve fetuses were exposed to T3 and PA, and oxygen consumption was measured with the Seahorse Bioanalyzer. Cardiomyocytes (130-day gestational age) exposed to el...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Natasha Chattergoon, Samantha Louey, Sonnet S. Jonker, Kent L. Thornburg Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

The effectiveness of time domain and nonlinear heart rate variability metrics in ultra ‐short time series
This study aims to investigate whether HRV metrics can capture changes in HRV from external stimuli, and whether these metrics remain effective under various recording length. Participants completed varying stimulating activities including viewing images, arithmetic tasks, and memory recall of viewed images. SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, SD2, SD1/SD2, and DFA were extracted from the data. Comparing arithmetic calculation and the first minute of memory recall, SDNN, pNN50, SD2, and SD1/SD2 had significant HRV differences; this suggests that these metrics can distinguish the inherently different stimuli participants were exposed to. H...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Zifan Gu, Vanessa Zarubin, Carolyn Martsberger Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Abdominal aerobic endurance exercise reveals spot reduction exists: A randomized controlled trial
AbstractThe existence of spot reduction, exercise-induced local body fat reduction, has been debated for half a century. Although the evidence is equivocal, no study has applied aerobic endurance training closely matching interventions for energy expenditure. Sixteen overweight (BMI: 29.8  ± 3.3(SD) kg m−2) males (43  ± 9 years) were randomized to: (1) abdominal endurance exercise (AG), combining treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27  min) with 4 × 4 min (30%–40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 min), 4 days⋅week−1 for 10  weeks; or (2) control group (CG)...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Mathias Forsberg Brobakken, Iben Krogs æter, Jan Helgerud, Eivind Wang, Jan Hoff Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Effect of controlled hypotensive hemorrhage on plasma sodium levels in anesthetized pigs: An exploratory study
AbstractPerioperative hyponatremia, due to non-osmotic release of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin, is a serious electrolyte disorder observed in connection with many types of surgery. Since blood loss during surgery contributes to the pathogenesis of hyponatremia, we explored the effect of bleeding on plasma sodium using a controlled hypotensive hemorrhage pig model. After 30-min baseline period, hemorrhage was induced by aspiration of blood during 30  min at mean arterial pressure<50  mmHg. Thereafter, the animals were resuscitated with retransfused blood and a near-isotonic balanced crystalloid solut...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Rafael T. Krmar, Stephanie Franz én, Leif Karlsson, Helin Strandberg, Susanna Törnroth‐Horsefield, Jesper K. Andresen, Boye L. Jensen, Mattias Carlström, Robert Frithiof Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cooling ‐induced cutaneous vasodilatation is mediated by small‐conductance, calcium‐activated potassium channels in tail arteries from male mice
AbstractCooling causes cutaneous dilatation to restrain cold-induced constriction and prevent tissue injury. Cooling increases communication through myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs), thereby increasing endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-type dilatation. EDH is initiated by calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) activated by endothelial stimuli or muscle-derived mediators traversing MEGJs (myoendothelial feedback). The goal of this study was to determine the individual roles of KCa with small (SK3) and intermediate (IK1) conductance in cooling-induced dilatation. Vasomotor responses of mice isolated cutaneo...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Fumin Chang, Sheila Flavahan, Nicholas A. Flavahan Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Adipose inflammation: South Asian ethnicity and central obesity are independently associated with higher immune cell recruitment to adipose ‐specific media: A pilot study in men
A graphical abstract highlighting the rationale, methods, results, and conclusion of the study. AbstractA South Asian (SA) cardiovascular phenomenon exists whereby SAs have excess burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite having low prevalence of recognized CVD risk factors. The aim of the current study was to determine whether perturbations in monocyte biology contribute to this phenomenon via higher circulating cell numbers, a more pro-inflammatory phenotype, and higher transmigration and adhesion. Adhesion is linked to vascular inflammation whereas transmigration is linked to tissue inflammation. SA men with (N =...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Matthew J. Roberts, Malik Hamrouni, Alex J. Wadley, Nicolette C. Bishop Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Muscle fatigue, bioenergetic responses and metabolic economy during load ‐ and velocity‐based maximal dynamic contractions in young and older adults
AbstractWe evaluated whether task-dependent, age-related differences in muscle fatigue (contraction-induced decline in normalized power) develop from differences in bioenergetics or metabolic economy (ME; mass-normalized work/mM ATP). We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify intracellular metabolites in vastus lateralis muscle of 10 young and 10 older adults during two maximal-effort, 4-min isotonic (20% maximal torque) and isokinetic (120 °s−1) contraction protocols. Fatigue, inorganic phosphate (Pi), and pH (p ≥ 0.213) differed by age during isotonic contractions. However, older had less fatigue (p ...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 24, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Liam F. Fitzgerald, Miles F. Bartlett, Jane A. Kent Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

P2X7 accelerate tissue fibrosis via metalloproteinase 8 ‐dependent macrophage infiltration in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction
AbstractRenal fibrosis is tightly associated with chronic kidney disease, irrespective of the underlying pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated mild antifibrotic effects of targeting the P2X7 receptor in a pyelonephritis model. Reduced P2X7R-activation elevated the neutrophil-to-macrophage ratio, resulting in less matrix accumulation without affecting the initial tissue healing. Here, we test if this P2X7R-dependent modification of matrix accumulation also applies to a noninfectious fibrosis model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (7dUUO) and whether the response is gender-dependent. We found that P2X7−/− mice show ...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Jacob Rudjord Therkildsen, Stine Julie Tingskov, Michael Schou Jensen, Helle Praetorius, Rikke N ørregaard Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Neuropeptide stimulation of physiological and immunological responses in precision ‐cut lung slices
Schematic of the precision cut lung slice model where lungs are removed from a mouse and slices are cultured in  vitro. Cartoon representation shows calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) added to dishes resulted in a sex dependent increase in B cell and neuroendocrine body (NEB) cell populations and changes in surfactant protein C (SPC) containing granule size and number. AbstractOrganotypic lung slices, sometimes known as precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), provide an environment in which numerous cell types and interactions can be maintained outside the body (ex vivo). PCLS were maintained ex  vivo for up to a week and ...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: B. Patlin, L. Schwerdtfeger, S. Tobet Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Perceived ankle instability and cutaneous reflex modulation during gait
AbstractCutaneous reflex modulation during rhythmic ambulation is an important motor control mechanism to help minimize stumbling following an unexpected perturbation. Previous literature found individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) experience altered reflex patterns compared to healthy controls. Considering CAI is characterized by intermittent feelings of ankle instability, researchers have speculated that these alterations are related to perceived instability. Our purpose was to determine whether variability and magnitude of cutaneous reflex amplitudes can predict perceived instability levels following sural ne...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Annalee M. H. Friedman, Leif P. Madsen Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

The effect of eccentricity on visual motion prediction in peripheral vision
AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to clarify the effect of eccentricity on visual motion prediction using a time-to-contact (TTC) task. TTC indicates the predictive ability to accurately estimate the time-to-contact of a moving object based on visual motion perception. We also measured motion reaction time (motion RT) as an indicator of the speed of visual motion perception. The TTC task was to press a button when the moving target would arrive at the stationary goal. In the occluded condition, the target dot was occluded 500  ms before the time to contact. The motion RT task was to press a button as soon as t...
Source: Physiological Reports - November 21, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Riku Hirano, Kosuke Numasawa, Yusei Yoshimura, Takeshi Miyamoto, Tomohiro Kizuka, Seiji Ono Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research