The difference in endothelium ‐dependent relaxation components in proximal and distal thoracic aorta regions of male rats
AbstractAorta, the largest vessel in the body, is generally considered anatomically homogeneous, yet spatial functional differences exist. In our study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis by reexamining public RNA-SEQ data, comparing expression patterns between thoracic and abdominal aorta. Additionally, we measured acetylcholine-induced relaxations of the different regions of thoracic aorta in Wistar Rats. Our results revealed a distinct percentage difference in acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the proximal and distal segments of the thoracic aorta (p = 1.14e-4). To explain this variation, we performed different...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 28, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: O. R. Mezhenskyi,
I. B. Philyppov Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
A multicenter study of maternal conditions and amniotic fluid volume in Ethiopia in 2023
AbstractThe amniotic fluid is a protective liquid found in amniotic found in the amniotic sac and mainly containing water and some solid substances including epitheloid and fibroblastic type cells. Most of the studies conducted about amniotic fluid volume (AFV) reported fetal and placental factors as a determinant of AFV. The aim of this study is to examine maternal and obstetric conditions in relation to AFV among women with term pregnancies. A multicenter institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among clients attending selected public hospitals of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia from January 01, 2023 to May 30...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 28, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Besfat Berihun Erega,
Wassie Yazie Ferede,
Fillorenes Ayalew Sisay,
Abeba Belay Ayalew,
Rahel Birhanu Arage Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Adeno ‐associated virus‐based approach for genetic modification of cardiac fibroblasts in adult rat hearts
AbstractCardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are an attractive target for reducing pathological cardiac remodeling, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of these processes is the key to develop successful therapies for treating the pressure-overloaded heart. CF-specific knockout (KO) mouse lines with a Cre recombinase under the control of human TCF21 (hTCF21) promoter and/or an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-hTCF21 system provide a powerful tool for understanding CF biology in vivo. Although a variety of rat disease models are vital for the research of cardiac fibrosis similar to mouse models, there are few rat mod...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 28, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Bridget Nieto,
Michael W. Cypress,
Bong Sook Jhun,
Jin O ‐Uchi Tags: SHORT REPORT Source Type: research
Limb, sex, but not acute dietary capsaicin, modulate the near ‐infrared spectroscopy‐vascular occlusion test estimate of muscle metabolism
AbstractThe downward slope during the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-vascular occlusion test (NIRS-VOT) is purported as a simplified estimate of metabolism. Whether or not the NIRS-VOT exhibits sex- or limb-specificity or may be acutely altered remains to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated if there is limb- or sex specificity in tissue desaturation rates (DeO2) during a NIRS-VOT, and if acute dietary capsaicin may alter this estimate of muscle metabolism. Young healthy men (n = 25, 21 ± 4 years) and women (n = 20, 20 ± 1 years) ingested either placebo or capsaicin, in a counterbalanced, single-bl...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 28, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Lauren M. Greaves,
Kendall S. Zaleski,
Alexs A. Matias,
Abena O. Gyampo,
Gaia Giuriato,
Meaghan Lynch,
Brian Lora,
Tawn Tomasi,
Emma Basso,
Emma Finegan,
Jack Schickler,
Massimo Venturelli,
Justin A. DeBlauw,
Elena Shostak,
Oliver E. Blum,
Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Harmaline induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in A2780 ovarian cancer cells in vitro
AbstractOvarian cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women. Harmaline is reported to have powerful anticancer properties. We aimed to investigate the apoptotic and antimetastatic properties of harmaline in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were investigated in cells treated with harmaline. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured. Harmaline attenuated the viability of A2780 ovarian cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent way. Furthermore, compared to NIH/3T3 mouse normal cell line (I...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 27, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Seyed Ali Shariat Razavi,
Masoumeh Taghdisi Khaboushan,
Raha Jafari,
Arshia Shahini,
Gordon A. Ferns,
Afsane Bahrami Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
The associations of depressive symptoms and perceived stress with arterial health in adolescents
AbstractCardiovascular and mental diseases are among the most important global health problems, but little is known on the associations between mental and arterial health in adolescents. Therefore, we investigated the associations of arterial health with depressive symptoms and perceived stress in adolescents. A total of 277 adolescents, 151 boys, 126 girls, aged 15 –17 years participated in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and perceived stress by the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. Arterial health was assessed by measures from carotid ultrasonography (carotid intima-media ...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 23, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Emmi Toivonen,
Earric Lee,
Marja H. Lepp änen,
Tomi Laitinen,
Mika Kähönen,
Timo A. Lakka,
Eero A. Haapala Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Gut microbiota are differentially correlated with blood pressure status in African American collegiate athletes: A pilot study
AbstractHypertension (HTN) is common among athletes and the most recent epidemiologic data reports that cardiovascular (CV) sudden death is significantly greater in African Americans (AAs). Gut microbial dysbiosis (a poorly diverse stool microbial profile) has been associated with HTN in sedentary people but microbial characteristics of athletes with HTN are unknown. Our purpose was to differentiate microbiome characteristics associated with BP status in AA collegiate athletes. Thirty AA collegiate athletes were stratified by normal BP (systolic BP (SBP) ≤130 mmHg;n = 15) and HTN (SBP ≥130 mmHg;n = 15). 16S...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 22, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Taylor Hogue,
Jarrad Hampton ‐Marcell,
Ian M. Carroll,
Troy Purdom,
Heather Colleran,
T. J. Exford,
Michael Brown,
Marc D. Cook Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
A framework for the interpretation of heart rate variability applied to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and osteopathic manipulation
AbstractReports on autonomic responses to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and osteopathic manipulative techniques have been equivocal, partly due to inconsistent interpretation of heart rate variability (HRV). We developed a mechanistic framework for the interpretation of HRV based on a model of sinus node automaticity that considers autonomic effects on Phase 3 repolarization and Phase 4 depolarization of the sinoatrial action potential. The model was applied to HRV parameters calculated from ECG recordings (healthy adult humans, both genders) before (30 min), during (15 min), and after (30...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Adrienne Kania,
Jumana Roufail,
Joseph Prokop,
Harald M. Stauss Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Modulation of potassium channels by transmembrane auxiliary subunits via voltage ‐sensing domains
AbstractVoltage-gated K+ (KV) and Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels are essential proteins for membrane repolarization in excitable cells. They also play important physiological roles in non-excitable cells. Their diverse physiological functions are in part the result of their auxiliary subunits. Auxiliary subunits can alter the expression level, voltage dependence, activation/deactivation kinetics, and inactivation properties of the bound channel. KV and KCa channels are activated by membrane depolarization through the voltage-sensing domain (VSD), so modulation of KV and KCa channels through the VSD is reasonable. Recent ...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 20, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Koichi Nakajo,
Go Kasuya Tags: INVITED REVIEW Source Type: research
The carbon monoxide prodrug oCOm ‐21 increases Ca2+ sensitivity of the cardiac myofilament
AbstractPatients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures require inotropic support to improve hemodynamic function and cardiac output. Current inotropes such as dobutamine, can promote arrhythmias, prompting a demand for improved inotropes with little effect on intracellular Ca2+ flux. Low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) induces inotropic effects in perfused hearts. Using the CO-releasing pro-drug, oCOm-21, we investigated if this inotropic effect results from an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Male Sprague Dawley rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes were permeabilized, and myofilament force was measured as a funct...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Fergus M. Payne,
Samantha Nie,
Gary M. Diffee,
Gerard T. Wilkins,
David S. Larsen,
Joanne C. Harrison,
James C. Baldi,
Ivan A. Sammut Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effect of lower body negative pressure on cardiac and cerebral function in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A pilot MRI assessment
AbstractPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by an excessive heart rate (HR) response upon standing and symptoms indicative of inadequate cerebral perfusion. We tested the hypothesis that during lower body negative pressure (LBNP), individuals with POTS would have larger decreases in cardiac and cerebrovascular function measured using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Eleven patients with POTS and 10 healthy controls were studied at rest and during 20 min of −25 mmHg LBNP. Biventricular volumes, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Qc), and HR were determined by cardiac MR. Cerebral oxygen...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Rachel J. Skow,
Stephen J. Foulkes,
Peter Seres,
Meghan A. Freer,
Eric D. Mathieu,
Satish R. Raj,
Richard B. Thompson,
Mark H. Haykowsky,
Lawrence Richer Tags: SHORT REPORT Source Type: research
Skeletal muscle adaptations to high ‐intensity, low‐volume concurrent resistance and interval training in recreationally active men and women
This study compared the structural and cellular skeletal muscle factors underpinning adaptations in maximal strength, power, aerobic capacity, and lean body mass to a 12-week concurrent resistance and interval training program in men and women. Recreationally active women and men completed three training sessions per week consisting of high-intensity, low-volume resistance training followed by interval training performed using a variety upper and lower body exercises representative of military occupational tasks. Pre- and post-training vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were analyzed for changes in muscle fiber type, cross-s...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Adam J. Sterczala,
Nathaniel Rodriguez ‐Ortiz,
Evan D. Feigel,
Kellen T. Krajewski,
Brian J. Martin,
Nicole M. Sekel,
Mita Lovalekar,
Christopher K. Kargl,
Kristen J. Koltun,
Carola Van Eck,
Shawn D. Flanagan,
Christopher Connaboy,
Sophie Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - March 15, 2024 Category: Physiology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Brain sodium sensing for regulation of thirst, salt appetite, and blood pressure
AbstractThe brain possesses intricate mechanisms for monitoring sodium (Na) levels in body fluids. During prolonged dehydration, the brain detects variations in body fluids and produces sensations of thirst and aversions to salty tastes. At the core of these processes Nax, the brain's Na sensor, exists. Specialized neural nuclei, namely the subfornical organ (SFO) and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), which lack the blood –brain barrier, play pivotal roles. Within the glia enveloping the neurons in these regions, Nax collaborates with Na+/K+-ATPase and glycolytic enzymes to drive glycolysis in response ...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 14, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Takeshi Y. Hiyama Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
DPP ‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin treatment results in altered myocardial metabolic proteome and oxidative phosphorylation in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia
AbstractSmall animal models have shown improved cardiac function with DPP-4 inhibition, but many human studies have shown worse outcomes or no benefit. We seek to bridge the gap by studying the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia using proteomic analysis. Thirteen Yorkshire swine underwent the placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left coronary circumflex artery to model chronic myocardial ischemia. Two weeks post-op, swine received either sitagliptin 100 mg daily (SIT,n = 5) or no drug (CON,n = 8). After 5 weeks of treatment, swine underwent functional measurements...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Dwight D. Harris,
Sharif A. Sabe,
Mark Broadwin,
Krishna Bellam,
Cynthia M. Xu,
Janelle W. Li,
M. Ruhul Abid,
Frank W. Sellke Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
