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Neurointerventions on two generations of angiography systems: Recent systems reduce radiation exposure by half
Cerebrovascular disorders are one of ten leading causes of death for almost all ages in the United States [1]. Fluoroscopically-guided neurointervention offers minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment for the disorders of the blood vessels in the head, neck, and spine. A wide range of medical conditions that can be treated with neurointerventions include stroke, brain aneurysm, vascular malformation and fistula of the brain and spine, carotid artery disease, transient ischemic attack, cerebral artery stenosis, vertebral artery disease, venous diseases of the head and neck, and compression fracture. (Source: Physica Medic...
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - December 1, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Xinhua Li, Kai Yang, Theodore A. Marschall, Madan M. Rehani, Bob Liu Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Automatic chest computed tomography image noise quantification using deep learning
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the primary volumetric imaging modalities used in radiology. This popularity is based on the continuous technical development and versatility of clinical applications offering fast scans with high spatial resolution and large anatomical coverage [1]. Owing to this, CT contributes approximately 70  % of the cumulative radiation exposure to patients in diagnostic imaging [2]. Concerns about radiation dose burden have accelerated the technical development of optimization methods to enable CT scans with the most beneficial balance between image quality (IQ) and radiation dose [3,4]. (Source:...
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - December 1, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Juuso H.J. Ketola, Satu I. Inkinen, Teemu M äkelä, Touko Kaasalainen, Juha I. Peltonen, Marko Kangasniemi, Kirsi Volmonen, Mika Kortesniemi Source Type: research

Aims & Scope & Editorial Board
(Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - December 1, 2023 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Deep learning enables time-efficient soft tissue enhancement in CBCT: Proof-of-concept study for dentomaxillofacial applications
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a particularly utilized modality in dental imaging [1], orthopedic studies [2], and in the dentomaxillofacial area (such as the jaw and sinuses) [3]. In CBCT, a cone-shaped radiation beam is measured with a flat-panel X-ray detector for direct 3D image reconstruction without the need for patient table movement. Compared to CT, CBCT is mechanically simpler and less expensive, yet it offers a high spatial resolution. However, the cone-shaped X-ray beam, slow rotation, and limited detector area, lead to artifacts and low temporal resolution [1,4]. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journ...
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 27, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sampo Ylisiurua, Annina Sipola, Miika T. Nieminen, Mikael A.K. Brix Source Type: research

MRI in patients with a cerebral aneurysm clip; review of the literature and incident databases and recommendations for the Netherlands
Although in the Netherlands nowadays only Magnetic Resonance (MR) conditional or MR safe cerebral aneurysm clips are utilized, ferromagnetic aneurysm clips have been used until late in the last century. This treatment is given to patients in various age groups, including young adults. Therefore, patients implanted with an aneurysm clip that is potentially ferromagnetic may present themselves for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations for decades to come. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 27, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Mark B.M. Hofman, Cristina Lavini, Albert van der Zwan, Carola van Pul, Sara H. Muller, Mette K. Stam, Marinette van der Graaf, Carla Kloeze, Bastiaan J. van Nierop, Peter Kappert, Joost P.A. Kuijer Tags: Review paper Source Type: research

Simulations and measurements of radionuclide calibrator response
In nuclear medicine, a patient is diagnosed and treated by introducing radiopharmaceuticals, which are chemical compounds labelled with a radioactive nuclide. The absorbed dose to the patient caused by these procedures depends on the radiopharmaceutical's kinetics and is directly proportional to the activity of the radionuclide. Therefore, to optimise diagnosis and treatment and guarantee reliable and comparable measurement results, the activity of a radiopharmaceutical must be carefully determined with a radionuclide calibrator that is calibrated in a traceable manner. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 25, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Doruntina Raka, Eero Hippel äinen Source Type: research

Quality assurance framework for rapid automatic analysis deployment in medical imaging
Medical imaging systems provide essential information that influence clinical decisions and patient care outcomes. Therefore, outputs from medical imaging systems must be monitored via strict quality assurance (QA) procedures for possible degradation in technical performance. The rapidly increasing quantity and complexity of medical imaging requires corresponding advances in QA processes [1]. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 24, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Juha I. Peltonen, Ari-Pekka Honkanen, Mika Kortesniemi Source Type: research

A novel approach to predict acute radiation dermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer using a model based on Bayesian probability
Radiation therapy for head and neck cancer preserves their function and shape and reduces impairments in speech, chewing, and swallowing functions [1 –3]. Approximately 50 % of patients with head and neck cancer are treated with a combination of radiation therapy and chemoradiation [4–6]. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for head and neck cancer delivers approximately 70 Gy of irradiation to the planned target volume of the tumor [7– 9]. Severe acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) [10], such as erythema and desquamation, frequently occurs as an adverse effect, which interrupts the treatment schedules [11,12]. (S...
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 24, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Keisuke Hamada, Toshioh Fujibuchi, Hiroyuki Arakawa, Yuichi Yokoyama, Naoki Yoshida, Hiroki Ohura, Naonobu Kunitake, Muneyuki Masuda, Takeo Honda, Satoru Tokuda, Makoto Sasaki Source Type: research

A novel model-based equation for size dependent mean recovery coefficients for spheres and other shapes
Due to limited spatial resolution of imaging systems in nuclear medicine (NM) such as SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) images are blurred resulting in spatial broadening of especially small objects, constituting the so-called partial volume effect (PVE). The total measured signal inside an object originates from both the radioactivity inside and outside of the object. The signal originating from within the object will be partly located outside the object due the limited spatial resolution causing a spill-out of signal. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 24, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Robin de Nijs Source Type: research

Combined radiomics of primary tumour and bone metastasis improve the prediction of EGFR mutation status and response to EGFR-TKI therapy for NSCLC
Lung cancer represents the deadliest cancer with the highest incidence [1]. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the largest subgroup of lung cancer and occurs at a frequency of 80  % [2]. Many NSCLC patients suffer from distant metastases at the first time diagnosis, which remains a significant challenge for clinical treatment [3–5]. Approximately 30–––40 % of patients may develop spinal metastasis [6,7], which often leads to poor prognosis due to spinal cord compre ssion and hypercalcaemia [8]. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 23, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Yuan Cheng, Huan Wang, Wendi Yuan, Haotian Wang, Yuheng Zhu, Huanhuan Chen, Wenyan Jiang Tags: Original paper Source Type: research

Comparison of Ethos template-based planning and AI-based dose prediction: General performance, patient optimality, and limitations
In the field of radiation therapy (RT), adaptive RT (ART) has been a major research topic for many years [1 –3]. Unlike conventional radiation therapy that relies on single computed tomography scans (CT) acquired prior to treatment, ART aims at accounting for anatomical changes that can occur in the tumor (shrinkage, progression) and organs at risk (OAR) (weight loss, air cavity filling, organs deformat ion, …), over the course of a treatment. In practice, ART requires repeated image acquisitions to capture the daily anatomy, to delineate the updated patient volumes, and to re-optimize the dose based on the current sna...
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 23, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Benjamin Roberfroid, Ana M. Barrag án-Montero, David Dechambre, Edmond Sterpin, John A. Lee, Xavier Geets Source Type: research

IS2aR, a computational tool to transform voxelized reference phantoms into patient-specific whole-body virtual CTs for peripheral dose estimation
It is well known that radiotherapy (RT) is a very effective treatment applied in more than 50  % of all cancer patients. One crucial part of its development has been making RT as personalized as possible (e.g., image-guided and biology-guided adapted RT). However, despite the non-negligible proportion of second cancers related to RT and an increasing number of RT patients showing long-term survival ([1] and references therein), the minimization of second cancer induction risk has not been usually considered in the personalization process. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 23, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Isidora Sof ía Muñoz-Hernández, Ignacio Espinoza, Ignacio N. López-Martínez, Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

A single centre intercomparison between commercial treatment planning systems for 90Y radioembolization using virtual and experimental phantoms
The transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with 90Y-loaded microspheres is a well-established targeted radiotherapy procedure for the treatment of primary or secondary liver cancer based on the intra-arterial injection of radioactive compounds. Currently, two types of medical devices have been registered for this purpose, including 90Y-loaded glass (TheraSphereTM, Boston Scientific) and resin (Sir-Spheres, Sirtex) microspheres, that differ in terms of physical properties such as microsphere-specific activity, number of microspheres per injection, and microspheres size, and pre-injection compound preparation [1]. (Source: P...
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 23, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Giuseppe Della Gala, Miriam Santoro, Garoson Albertine Rasoatsaratanany, Giulia Paolani, Silvia Strolin, Lidia Strigari Tags: Original paper Source Type: research

Traceable calibration with 177Lu and comparison of activity meters at hospitals in Norway and Sweden
The field of therapeutic nuclear medicine continues to grow around the world, in terms of number of radiopharmaceuticals, number of patients and treatments. A central measurement instrument in radionuclide therapy is the activity meter, also known as dose calibrator, which is used to determine the activity administered to patients. Furthermore, the activity meter is the central instrument when calibration of gamma-camera systems for image-based dosimetry is performed. As such, the activity meter can be considered the reference instrument for radionuclide therapy. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 21, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Cecilia Hindorf, Lovisa Jessen, Selma Curkic Kapidzic, Johan Blakkisrud, Johanna Dalmo, Ola Engelsen, Johan Gustafsson, Mattias Sandstr öm, Jostein Sæterstøl, Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner Source Type: research

Noise reduction by multiple path neural network using Attention mechanisms with an emphasis on robustness against Errors: A pilot study on brain Diffusion-Weighted images
Improving the signal-to-noise ratio has always been a major challenge in the history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, deep learning-based image noise reduction has attracted attention as a promising technique for this purpose [1 –3]. The methods found a relationship between noisy images and noise-free images by combining the high approximation ability of neural networks and the high optimisation ability of deep learning in the ‘training’ process. This relationship, incorporated in the trained model, is used to reduce image noise. (Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics)
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - November 21, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Yasuhiko Tachibana, Yujiro Otsuka, Hayato Nozaki, Koji Kamagata, Shinichiro Mori, Yuya Saito, Shigeki Aoki Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research