GIP has neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease models
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Zhen Qiang Zhang, Christian HölscherAbstractGlucose-dependent Insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a peptide hormone of the incretin family. It has growth factor properties and can re-activate energy utilization. In progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, energy utilization is much reduced, and GIP has the potential to reverse this. Furthermore, GIP can reduce the inflammation response in the brain and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tests in animal models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson...
Source: Peptides - November 7, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Inducible expression of defensins and cathelicidins by nutrients and associated regulatory mechanisms
Publication date: Available online 5 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Jialuo Chen, Zhenya Zhai, Hongrong Long, Guangming Yang, Baichuan Deng, Jinping DengAbstractHost defense peptides (HDPs) are crucial components of the body's first line of defense that protect organisms from infections and mediate immune responses. Defensins and cathelicidins are the two most important families of HDPs in mammals. In this review, we summarize the nutrients that are involved in inducible expression of endogenous defensins and cathelicidins. In addition, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) a...
Source: Peptides - November 6, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Cyclic angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to rehabilitation of animal performance in a rat model of cerebral stroke
Publication date: Available online 5 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Anneke Kuipers, Gert N. Moll, Aharon Levy, Michael Krakovsky, Rick FranklinAbstractPeptidase-resistant, lanthionine-stabilized angiotensin-(1-7), termed cAng-(1-7), has shown therapeutic efficacy in animal models of cardiovascular, metabolic, kidney and pulmonary disease. Goal of the present study was testing the capacity of subcutaneously administered cAng-(1-7) to induce rehabilitation of animal performance in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model of cerebral stroke. 24 hours after ischemic stroke induction, cAng-(1-7) was a...
Source: Peptides - November 6, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Effects of the antifungal peptide Skh-AMP1 derived from Satureja khuzistanica on cell membrane permeability, ROS production, and cell morphology of conidia and hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Soghra Khani, Sima Sadat Seyedjavadi, Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini, Mehdi Goudarzi, Shirin Valadbeigi, Shohreh Khatami, Soheila Ajdary, Ali Eslamifar, Jafar Amani, Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi, Mehdi Razzaghi-AbyanehAbstractSkh-AMP1 (GRTSKQELCTWERGSVRQADKTIAG) is an antifungal peptide isolated from Satureja khuzistanica which has been shown to have strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus and Candida species, but no obvious hemolytic effects or cell cytotoxicity in vitro. In the present study, Skh-AMP1 was synthesized, and its mode of action on ...
Source: Peptides - November 6, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Postprandial Regulation of Prouroguanylin in humans of a Healthy Weight and those who are Overweight or with Obesity
Publication date: Available online 4 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Michael Patterson, Hannah Ward, Delaram Halvai, Heidi Anett Holm Nilsen, Sue ReevesAbstractUroguanylin is a peptide gut hormone proposed to have a role in signalling post meal satiety. Uroguanylin circulates as its pro-hormone, prouroguanylin. There has been limited investigation of the regulation of prouroguanylin by food; therefore we investigated prouroguanylin regulation following meals. In separate experiments we investigated the effects of high calorie (1451 kcal) and medium calorie (725 kcal), high fat meals, on plasma prouroguanylin co...
Source: Peptides - November 6, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide signaling axis in the central nervous system
Publication date: Available online 4 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): A.E. Adriaenssens, F.M. Gribble, F. ReimannAbstractGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone released from the epithelium of the upper small intestine. While GIP shares common actions on the pancreatic beta cell with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), unlike GLP-1, GIP presents a complex target for the development of diabetes and obesity therapies due to its extra-pancreatic effects on fat mass. Recent pharmacological developments, however, have provided insight into a previously unrecognized role for GIP receptor (GI...
Source: Peptides - November 6, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Evaluation of the incretin effect in humans using GIP and GLP-1 receptor antagonists
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Lærke S. Gasbjerg, Natasha C. Bergmann, Signe Stensen, Mikkel B. Christensen, Mette M. Rosenkilde, Jens J. Holst, Michael Nauck, Filip K. KnopAbstractGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion and are therefore thought to be responsible for the incretin effect. The magnitude of the incretin effect, defined as the fraction of postprandial insulin secretion stimulated by intestinal factors, has been reported to be up to ∼60% in healthy individuals. In several...
Source: Peptides - November 4, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and cardiovascular disease
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Sebastian M. Heimbürger, Natasha C. Bergmann, Robert Augustin, Lærke S. Gasbjerg, Mikkel B. Christensen, Filip K. KnopAbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in addition to its involvement in type 2 diabetic pathophysiology may be involved in the development of obesity and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we outline recent preclinical and clinical cardiovascular-related discoveries about GIP. These include chronotropic and blood pressure-lowering effects of GIP. Fu...
Source: Peptides - November 3, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Erythropoietin attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with chronic kidney disease
In conclusion, EPO might attenuate VC by inhibiting ER stress mediated apoptosis through EPOR signaling. (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - November 3, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
GIP’s involvement in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Mikkel B. Christensen, Lærke S. Gasbjerg, Sebastian M. Heimbürger, Signe Stensen, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K. KnopAbstractDuring the past four decades derangements in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) biology has been viewed upon as contributing factors to various parts of the pathophysiology type 2 diabetes. This overview outlines and discusses the impaired insulin responses to GIP as well as the effect of GIP on glucagon secretion and the potential involvement of GIP in obesity and bone disease associated with type 2 diabetes. As...
Source: Peptides - November 3, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Effects of short-term exercise on food intake and the expression of appetite-regulating factors in goldfish
In this study, we examined the effects of short-term (30 min, at low and high water flow) exercise on food intake, glucose levels and the expressions of appetite regulators in goldfish hypothalamus (irisin, orexin, CART, leptin), intestine (CCK, PYY, proglucagon/GLP-1), muscle (irisin) and liver (leptin), of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain, interleukin-6 (IL6) in muscle and hypothalamus, and major metabolic enzymes, the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase (GCK) and its regulatory protein (GCKR) in liver, the lipolytic enzyme lipoprotein lipase in intestine and muscle, and trypsin in intestine. Fish submitted ...
Source: Peptides - November 1, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
No evidence of tachyphylaxis for insulinotropic actions of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) in subjects with type 2 diabetes, their first-degree relatives, or in healthy subjects
ConclusionsRapid tachyphylaxis in response to continuous exposure to slightly supraphysiological concentrations of GIP does not explain the reduced insulinotropic response to GIP infusions in patients with type 2 diabetes or their first-degree relatives. (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - October 26, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: November 2019Source: Peptides, Volume 121Author(s): (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - October 23, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Intranasal insulin treatment modulates the neurotropic, inflammatory, and oxidant mechanisms in the cortex and hippocampus in a low-grade inflammation model
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Kellen Ugioni Simon, Elias Wiggers Neto, Natalia dos Santos Tramontin, Paula Bortoluzzi Canteiro, Barbara da Costa Pereira, Rubya Pereira Zaccaron, Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira, Alexandre Pastoris MullerAbstractThe inflammatory process plays a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Insulin is used in preclinical and clinical studies of neurological disorders. Its intranasal (IN) administration directly in the brain allows for its peripheral metabolic effects to be avoided. Swiss male mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide...
Source: Peptides - October 20, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Evaluation of transcriptional levels of the natriuretic peptides, endothelin-1, adrenomedullin, their receptors and long non-coding RNAs in rat cardiac tissue as cardiovascular biomarkers of aging
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Manuela Cabiati, Annalaura Sapio, Costanza Salvadori, Silvia Burchielli, Lucia Carlucci, Letizia Mattii, Silvia Del RyAbstractChronological age is considered one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. The study aimed to evaluate the transcriptional levels of the natriuretic peptides (NP), endothelin (ET)-1, adrenomedullin (ADM), their receptors and long non-coding (Lnc) RNA MIAT, MALAT-1, CARMEN and XIST in rat cardiac tissue as cardiovascular biomarkers of aging. Three groups of male Wistar rats were studied: A (n =...
Source: Peptides - October 19, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
