Editorial Board
Publication date: February 2020Source: Peptides, Volume 124Author(s): (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - January 18, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Emerging role of GIP and related gut hormones in fertility and PCOS
Publication date: Available online 11 January 2020Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): R. Charlotte Moffett, Violetta NaughtonAbstractGastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is best known as an incretin hormone released by enteroendocrine K-cells in response to feeding and stimulates insulin release to regulate blood glucose and nutrient homeostasis. More recently GIP has been ascribed a positive role in lipid metabolism, bone strength, cardiovascular function and cognition. The present paper considers an emerging role of GIP and related gut hormones in fertility and especially polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Key evidence concerns ...
Source: Peptides - January 12, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

2018 Gayle A. Olson And Richard D. Olson Prize Vladimir A. Kashkin
Publication date: Available online 10 January 2020Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Richard J. Bodnar (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - January 11, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing demonstrates metabolic importance of GPR55 in the modulation of GIP release and pancreatic beta cell function
This study aimed to assess the metabolic functionality of GPR55 ligands using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to determine their regulatory role in beta cell function and incretin-secreting enteroendocrine cells. A clonal Gpr55 knockout beta cell line was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to investigate insulin secretion and Gpr55 signalling. Acute effects of GPR55 agonists were investigated in high fat fed (HFD) diabetic HsdOla:TO (Swiss TO) mice. Atypical and endogenous endocannabinoid ligands (10-7-10-4M) stimulated insulin secretion (p < 0.05-0.001) in rodent (BRIN-BD11) and human (1.1B4) beta cells, with 2-2.7-fo...
Source: Peptides - January 8, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Sexually dimorphic metabolic responses to exposure of a high fat diet during pregnancy, lactation and early adulthood in Gipr-/- mice
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2020Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Michael Kruse, Farnaz Keyhani-Nejad, Martin A. Osterhoff, Andreas F.H. PfeifferAbstractObesity has a multifactorial origin. It is known that alterations of the intra uterine milieu induce developmental programming effects leading to metabolic diseases in offspring. Obesity is diminished in mice lacking the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (Gipr-/-) when exposed to a high fat diet (HFD). We investigated whether Gipr-/- mice are still protected from obesity when additionally exposure to a HFD during pregnancy and lactation occurs...
Source: Peptides - January 7, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the median raphe nucleus: fibers, receptors and cellular effects
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2020Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Claudia Pascovich, Patricia Lagos, Jessika Urbanavicius, Andrea Devera, Mayda Rivas, Alicia Costa, Ximena López Hill, Atilio Falconi, Cecilia Scorza, Pablo TorteroloAbstractSerotonergic neurons of the median raphe nucleus (MnR) and hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-containing neurons, have been involved in the control of REM sleep and mood.In the present study, we examined in rats and cats the anatomical relationship between MCH-containing fibers and MnR neurons, as well as the presence of MCHergic receptors in these neurons. In add...
Source: Peptides - January 5, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: January 2020Source: Peptides, Volume 123Author(s): (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - December 26, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Functional Effects of Urotensin-II on Intracellular pH Regulators in Human Radial Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
In conclusion, for the first time, our results highlight a concentration-dependent increase in the activity of NHE and CHE, but not NBC and MCT, induced by U-II in HRASMCs. (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - December 24, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Predictive effect of GIPR SNP rs10423928 on glucose metabolism liver fat and adiposity in prediabetic and diabetic subjects
This study points to a potential protective role for rs10423928 inglucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in subjects with prediabetes.Further studies are necessary to confirm these results. (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - December 24, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Endogenously released GIP reduces and GLP-1 increases hepatic insulin extraction
ConclusionEndogenously released GIP correlated with reduced, and GLP-1 with increased hepatic insulin extraction. Increased peripheral insulin levels may contribute to insulin resistance and obesity. We propose that the unfavorable effects of high glycemic index Western diets are related to increased GIP-release and reduced HIC. (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - December 21, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

C-type natriuretic peptide suppresses ventricular arrhythmias in rats with acute myocardial ischemia
This study aimed to investigate the effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on ventricular arrhythmias in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 10), AMI group (n = 15) and AMI + CNP group (n = 15). AMI model was induced by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery, and CNP was pumped through the femoral vein starting 30 minutes before ischemia and continuing until 1 hour after AMI. The occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias after ischemia and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded and analyzed...
Source: Peptides - December 21, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Crotamine and crotalicidin, membrane active peptides from Crotalus durissus terrificus rattlesnake venom, and their structurally-minimized fragments for applications in medicine and biotechnology
Publication date: Available online 16 December 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Claudio Borges Falcao, Gandhi Radis-BaptistaAbstractA global public health crisis has emerged with the extensive dissemination of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from plants and animals have represented promising tools to counteract those resistant pathogens due to their multiple pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory and cell-penetrating activities. In this review, we will focus on crotamine and crotalicidin, which are two interesting examples of membrane active peptides d...
Source: Peptides - December 17, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Kazuhiko Tatemoto – a homage to an outstanding scientist in peptide research
Publication date: Available online 16 December 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Karl-Heinz Herzig (Source: Peptides)
Source: Peptides - December 17, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

GIP receptor: expression in neuroendocrine tumours, internalization, signalling from endosomes and structure-function relationship studies
Publication date: Available online 16 December 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Jean Claude Reubi, Daniel Fourmy, Arnau Cordomi, Irina G. Tikhonova, Véronique GigouxAbstractGIP is well known as a peptide regulating metabolic functions. In this review paper, we summarize a series of data on GIP receptor (GIPR). First, expression study of GIPR in human neuroendocrine tumours showed a very high incidence (nearly 100%) and a high density in both functional and non functional pancreatic tumours, ileal tumours, bronchial tumours and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Then, data on internalization of GIPR following stimulation by GIP a...
Source: Peptides - December 17, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Pharmacological characteristics of hemokinin-1-derived peptides in rat pruriceptive processing
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Hideki Funahashi, Yu Miyahara, Ayaka Haruta-Tsukamoto, Tomoko Matsuo, Rumi Naono-Nakayama, Kosuke Ebihara, Toshikazu Nishimori, Yasushi IshidaAbstractHemokinin-1 (HK-1) is a member of mammalian tachykinin peptide family, and [Leu11]-HK-1 has an antagonistic effect on HK-1. The attenuation of pruritogen-induced scratching behavior by pretreatment with [Leu11]-HK-1 indicates the involvement of HK-1 in pruriceptive processing. However, it remains unclear whether the intrathecal or intranasal administration of HK-1-derived peptides, such as [D-Trp7,9...
Source: Peptides - December 14, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research