Social Functioning in Adults Born Very Preterm: Individual Participant Meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONSVP/VLBW adults scored their relationship with friends lower but perceived their family and partner relationships, as well as work and educational experiences, as comparable to those of controls. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Conjoint Developmental Trajectories of Adolescent E-cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use
CONCLUSIONSThis study provides new prospective evidence for distinct patterns and profiles of adolescents who progress to current e-cigarette use, including adolescents who were initially cigarette smokers. The findings have implications for prevention intervention timing, tobacco product focus, content, and the adolescent subgroups to target. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Masks, Empathy, and a Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis During COVID-19
In March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was starting to take hold across the United States, turning routine patient care into potentially life-threatening encounters between patients and health care providers. Hospitals quickly enacted policies limiting visitors and requiring social distancing and personal protective equipment (PPE) on all personnel. Although such interventions are necessary to promote safety, the impact on traditional means of communication and empathy are significant. This narrative describes the impact of early pandemic fears and associated policies on the interaction between a p...
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Trends in Management of Simple Febrile Seizures at US Children ’s Hospitals
CONCLUSIONSDiagnostic testing, hospital admission, and costs decreased over the study period, without a concomitant increase in delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. These data suggest most children with SFSs can be safely managed without lumber puncture or other diagnostic testing. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Interconception Care and Safe Sleep: Adapting the IMPLICIT Toolkit for Pediatrics
CONCLUSIONSTo successfully implement the IMPLICIT toolkit in pediatrics, adaptations were made to the existing model, which had previously been used in family medicine clinics. Pediatricians should consider providing ICC as an innovative way to impact infant mortality rates in their community. Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications can be used to systematically describe the adaptations needed to improve the fit of IMPLICIT in the pediatric clinic, understand the process of change and potential application to local context. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

COVID-19 Vaccination –Associated Myocarditis in Adolescents
CONCLUSIONSClinical characteristics and early outcomes are similar between the different pediatric age groups in C-VAM. The hospital course is mild, with quick clinical recovery and excellent short-term outcomes. Myocardial injury and edema are noted on CMR. Close follow-up and further studies are needed to understand the long-term implications and mechanism of these myocardial tissue changes. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Understanding the Gap: Transition From Fellowship to Faculty
In 2013, pediatric common subspecialty entrustable professional activities (EPAs) were developed in alignment with efforts to transition toward Competency Based Medical Education, a system in which trainees ’ advancement is based on skill level and does not passively mirror time spent in training.1–3 In this competency-based system, pediatric fellowship program directors (FPDs) have been shown to graduate fellows who continue to require supervision in the common subspecialty EPAs.4 In this issue ofPediatrics, Weiss et  al5 redemonstrate that FPDs graduate fellows who require ongoing supervision in the common subspecia...
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
CONCLUSIONSTo promote child development, low- and middle-income countries need to develop and implement policies that ensure national health and wealth and, particularly, the educational achievements of children ’s caregivers. These findings are faithful to the World Summit for Children and inform the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which drive the international development agenda through 2030. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Optimizing Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is one of the best studied treatments for hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP), which is one of the most common types of CP and is estimated to affect 1 per every 1000 children.1,2 Therefore, optimizing the delivery of and access to CIMT has the potential for a broad-reaching and significant impact in pediatric care. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

A Pediatrician, a Resident, and a Medical Student Walk Into a Clinic: The Role of Humor in Clinical Teaching
Never upset a pediatrician. They have very little patients.Egerton Yorick Davis (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Supporting Transition to the Bereaved Community After the Death of a Child
Whether a child dies suddenly or after a long battle against a serious illness, the entire family is forced to make an unimaginably painful transition. This new reality may involve an adjustment in one ’s identity, a loss of community, and an entrance into a new community of bereaved families. Studies show that death of a child can have long-term adverse effects on parental and sibling physical and mental health; indeed, parents and siblings have an increased risk of mortality after such a death .1–3 Although parental preparedness around end of life is fraught with complexities,4 the goal of effective bereavement care ...
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

The Health Impact of Evictions
A slip of paper posted on a door can signal the beginning of a destructive process for children ’s health. Each year, more than 2.3 million households receive eviction notices.1 Despite fair housing laws which ban discrimination against children and families, households with children are more likely to be evicted than childless households, even when controlling for family income and rent owed.2 The proportion of children in a neighborhood is a stronger predictor of eviction rates than neighborhood-level poverty, racial makeup, or proportion of single parent households.2 Nearly 1 in 7 children will experience eviction bef...
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Exercise Intervention for Academic Achievement Among Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
CONCLUSIONSThe exercise program significantly improved children ’s academic achievement. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Next-Generation Sequencing as an Auxiliary Tool in Pediatric Laryngeal Lymphoma Diagnosis
We present a case of atypical laryngotracheitis as the initial manifestation of non-Hodgkin ’s lymphoma in a pediatric patient. The diagnosis was aided through the use of microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) testing, which detected the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in the patient’s plasma. This enabled the consideration of an Epstein-Barr virus–related lymphoproliferative process, leadi ng to additional workup and the final diagnosis of lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of mcfDNA testing leading not simply to an infectious organism, but further to a new oncologic diagnosis. Plasma mcfDNA testing has the...
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Promoting Human Milk and Breastfeeding for the Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Provision of mother ’s own milk for hospitalized very low birth weight (VLBW) (≤1500 g) infants in the NICU provides short- and long-term health benefits. Mother’s own milk, appropriately fortified, is the optimal nutrition source for VLBW infants. Every mother should receive information about the critical import ance of mother's own milk to the health of a VLBW infant. Pasteurized human donor milk is recommended when mother’s own milk is not available or sufficient. Neonatal health care providers can support lactation in the NICU and potentially reduce disparities in the provision of mother’s own milk b y provid...
Source: PEDIATRICS - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research