Osteopetrosis in the pediatric patient: what the radiologist needs to know
AbstractOsteopetrosis describes several types of rare sclerosing bone dysplasias of varying clinical and radiographic severity. The classic autosomal dominant subtype emerges most often in adolescence but can present from infancy through adulthood. The autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, or “malignant infantile osteopetrosis,” presents in infancy with a grimmer prognosis, though the autosomal dominant forms (often mislabeled as “benign”) actually can have life-threatening consequences as well. Often osteopetrosis is detected due to skeletal findings on radiographs performed to evaluate injury or as an incidental fin...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 14, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Integrating human factors engineering into your pediatric radiology practice
AbstractHuman factors engineering involves the study and development of methods aimed at enhancing performance, improving safety, and optimizing user satisfaction. The focus of human factors engineering encompasses the design of work environments and an understanding of human mental processes to prevent errors. In this review, we summarize the history, applications, and impacts of human factors engineering on the healthcare field. To illustrate these applications and impacts, we provide several examples of how successful integration of a human factors engineer in our pediatric radiology department has positively impacted v...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 14, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pediatric orbital lesions: neoplastic extraocular soft-tissue lesions
AbstractPediatric neoplastic extraocular soft-tissue lesions in the orbit are uncommon. Early multimodality imaging work-up and recognition of the key imaging features of these lesions allow narrowing of the differential diagnoses in order to direct timely management. In this paper, the authors present a multimodality approach to the imaging work-up of these lesions and highlight the use of ocular ultrasound as a first imaging modality where appropriate. We will discuss vascular neoplasms (congenital hemangioma, infantile hemangioma), optic nerve lesions (meningioma, optic nerve glioma), and other neoplastic lesions (plexi...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 14, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Phantom study of a self-shielded X-ray bone age assessment instrument against scattered radiation in children
AbstractHand-wrist radiography is the most common and accurate method for evaluating children ’s bone age. To reduce the scattered radiation of radiosensitive organs in bone age assessment, we designed a small X-ray instrument with radioprotection function by adding metal enclosure for X-ray shielding. We used a phantom operator to compare the scattered radiation doses received by sensitiv e organs under three different protection scenarios (proposed instrument, radiation personal protective equipment, no protection). The proposed instrument showed greater reduction in the mean dose of a single exposure compared with rad...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Update on imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology: the European Society of Paediatric Radiology workgroup session on voiding cystourethrography
AbstractVoiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a fluoroscopic technique that allows the assessment of the urinary tract, including the urethra, bladder, and —if vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is present—the ureters and the pelvicalyceal systems. The technique also allows for the assessment of bladder filling and emptying, providing information on anatomical and functional aspects. VCUG is, together with contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (VUS), st ill the gold standard test to diagnose VUR and it is one of the most performed fluoroscopic examinations in pediatric radiology departments. VCUG is also considered a follow-...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Unusual imaging findings associated with abdominal pediatric germ cell tumors
AbstractGerm cell tumors of childhood are tumors arising from germline cells in gonadal or extragonadal locations. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are characteristically located in the midline, arising intracranially or in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or pelvis. These tumors are generally easily diagnosed due to typical sites of origin, characteristic imaging findings, and laboratory markers. However, germ cell tumors can be associated with unusual clinical syndromes or imaging features that can perplex the radiologist. This review will illustrate atypical imaging/clinical manifestations and complications of abdominal g...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Using MRI derived observed to expected total lung volume to predict lethality in fetal skeletal dysplasia
(Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 4, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Advocacy in gender affirming care
AbstractHealthcare advocacy is the duty and privilege of all healthcare providers, but especially for those who care for children. Intersex and gender diverse youth face significant barriers across many aspects of life, with access to competent gender affirming healthcare chief among them. Understanding the importance of both institutional and individual efforts in healthcare advocacy is paramount to improving healthcare access and outcomes for this population. (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - March 4, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
A “global village”: promoting research and careers in the pediatric radiology community through diversity
We describe the mutual advantages this concept could have on academic pediatric radiology departments and IMGs alike, as well as pose some of the unique challenges that could impact this concept and effective strategies to ensure success. (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 29, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The impact of high-frequency transducers on the sonographic measurements of the pyloric muscle thickness in infants
ConclusionMeasuring the muscularis propria solely has a better diagnostic accuracy, decreasing the overlap of negative and positive cases. The loss of pyloric wall stratification and echogenic muscularis propria is only seen in HPS.Graphical abstract (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 29, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Morphometric and clinical comparison of MRI-based synthetic CT to conventional CT of the hip in children
ConclusionsCT is equivalent to cCT for the assessment of hip morphology, physeal status, and radiodensity assessment in pediatric patients. (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 29, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MR insights into fetal brain development: what is normal and what is not
AbstractFetal brain development is a complex, rapid, and multi-dimensional process that can be documented with MRI. In the second and third trimesters, there are predictable developmental changes that must be recognized and differentiated from disease. This review delves into the key biological processes that drive fetal brain development, highlights normal developmental anatomy, and provides a framework to identify pathology. We will summarize the development of the cerebral hemispheres, sulci and gyri, extra-axial and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid, and corpus callosum and illustrate the most common abnormal findings in...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 28, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pediatric orbital lesions: non-neoplastic extraocular soft-tissue lesions
AbstractOrbital pathologies can be broadly classified as ocular, extraocular soft-tissue (non-neoplastic and neoplastic), osseous, and traumatic. In this paper, we discuss the key imaging features and differential diagnoses of congenital and developmental lesions (dermoid cyst, dermolipoma), infective and inflammatory pathologies (pre-septal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, optic neuritis, chalazion, thyroid ophthalmopathy, orbital pseudotumor), and non-neoplastic vascular anomalies (venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, carotid-cavernous fistula), emphasizing the key role of CT and MRI in the imaging work-up. In add...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 28, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Can 3-dimensional cranial ultrasound be used to successfully reconstruct a 2-dimensional image without compromising on image quality in a neonatal population?
ConclusionOverall, this study has demonstrated that 3-D cranial ultrasound performs similarly to 2-D and could be implemented into neonatal practice. (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 27, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pediatric orbital lesions: bony and traumatic lesions
AbstractOrbital pathologies can be broadly classified as ocular lesions, extraocular soft-tissue pathologies (non-neoplastic and neoplastic), and bony and traumatic lesions. In this paper, we discuss the key imaging features and differential diagnoses of bony and traumatic lesions of the pediatric orbit and globe, emphasizing the role of CT and MRI as the primary imaging modalities. In addition, we highlight the adjunctive role of ocular sonography in the diagnosis of intraocular foreign bodies and discuss the primary role of sonography in the diagnosis of traumatic retinal detachment.Graphical abstract (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - February 27, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
